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Given two numbers x and y, and a range [l, r] where 1 <= l, r <= 32. The task is consider set bits of y in range [l, r] and set these bits in x also.
Examples :
Input : x = 10, y = 13, l = 2, r = 3 Output : x = 14 Binary representation of 10 is 1010 and that of y is 1101. There is one set bit in y at 3'rd position (in given range). After we copy this bit to x, x becomes 1110 which is binary representation of 14. Input : x = 8, y = 7, l = 1, r = 2 Output : x = 11
Source : D E Shaw Interview
Method 1 (One by one copy bits)
We can one by one find set bits of y by traversing given range. For every set bit, we OR it to existing bit of x, so that the becomes set in x, if it was not set. Below is C++ implementation.
Modified x is 15
Time Complexity: O(r)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Method 2 (Copy all bits using one bit mask)
Modified x is 14
Time Complexity: O(1)
Auxiliary Space: O(1)
Thanks to Ashish Rathi for suggesting this solution in a comment.