Mutual Recursion with example of Hofstadter Female and Male sequences

Mutual recursion is a variation recursion. Two functions are called mutually recursive if the first function makes a recursive call to the second function and the second function, in turn, calls the first one.
In software development, this concept is used in circular dependency which is a relation between two or more modules which either directly or indirectly depend on each other to function properly. Such modules are also known as mutually recursive.
A great example of mutual recursion would be implementing the Hofstadter Sequence.

Hofstadter Sequence

In mathematics, a Hofstadter sequence is a member of a family of related integer sequences defined by non-linear recurrence relations. In this example we are going to focus on Hofstadter Female and Male sequences: 

 
Output:

F: 1 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 4 6 5 7 6 8 7 9 8 10 9 
M: 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 

Disadvantages of Circular Dependency/Mutual Recursion:  

1. Circular dependencies can cause a domino effect when a small local change in one module spreads into other modules and has unwanted global effects
2. Circular dependencies can also result in infinite recursions or other unexpected failures.
3. Circular dependencies may also cause memory leaks by preventing certain very primitive automatic garbage collectors (those that use reference counting) from deallocating unused objects.

References: Wikipedia