When does the worst case of Quicksort occur?

The answer depends on the strategy for choosing pivot. In early versions of Quick Sort where the leftmost (or rightmost) element is chosen as a pivot, the worst occurs in the following cases. 
1) Array is already sorted in the same order. 
2) Array is already sorted in reverse order. 
3) All elements are the same (a special case of cases 1 and 2) 
Since these cases are very common to use cases, the problem was easily solved by choosing either a random index for the pivot, choosing the middle index of the partition, or (especially for longer partitions) choosing the median of the first, middle and last element of the partition for the pivot. With these modifications, the worst case of Quicksort has fewer chances to occur, but a worst case can still occur if the input array is such that the maximum (or minimum) element is always chosen as the pivot. 
This is the worst case of quicksort where we choose highest element as pivot

1 2 3 4 5 

Time complexity : O(n^2)
Auxiliary Space :O(n)
References: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicksort