NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Social Science Chapter 1 : Resource and Development

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Social Science Chapter 1: Resources and Development is an important chapter to prepare for in CBSE Term I examinations. With the help of the solutions provided, students will be able to know and grasp the writing style and the important points to be included in the answers for scoring better marks in the examination. They will also understand how to write the answers by including the important points in the answer. NCERT Class 10 Solutions are created by subject matter experts and will help them to prepare well for the social science examination.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Geography Social Science Chapter 1: Resource and Development

1. Multiple Choice Questions

(i) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

• (A) Renewable
• (B) Biotic
• (C) Flow
• (D) Non-renewable

Answer-

(D) Non-renewable

Explanation: Non-renewable resources are those which have a limited stock and once exhausted it takes thousands of years to renew or replenish them.

(ii) Under which of the following type of resources can tidal energy not be put?

• (A) Replenishable
• (B) Human- made
• (C) Abiotic
• (D) Non- Recyclable

Answer-

(A) Replenishable 

Explanation- Replenishable energy sources are those which can be built again with a certain amount of effort and in tidal energy, it can be made again by the production of recurring tides of the ocean.

(iii) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

• (A) Intensive cultivation
• (B) Deforestation
• (C) Over-irrigation
• (D) Overgrazing

Answer-

(C) Over Irrigation

Explanation: Overirrigation is caused due to water logging which increases the salinity and alkalinity in the soil.

(iv) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practiced?

• (A) Punjab
• (B) Plains of Uttar Pradesh
• (C) Haryana
• (D) Uttarakhand
  

Answer-

(D) Uttarakhand

Explanation: Uttarakhand region has hill slopes where terrace farming can easily be practiced.

(v) In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?

• (A) Jammu and Kashmir
• (B) Maharashtra
• (C) Rajasthan
• (D) Jharkhand

Answer-

(B) Maharashtra

Explanation: Black soil is formed by weathering of Deccan basalt. Climatic conditions along with the parent rock material are the important factors for the formation of this soil and the climatic condition of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, etc. suits the formation of this type of soil. 

2. Short Answer Questions

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Answer- 

Black Soil is most suitable to grow cotton and is also known as black cotton soil. Black soil is typical of the Deccan trap region that is spread over the northwest Deccan plateau and covers the plateaus of Maharashtra, Saurashtra, Malwa, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh alongside also extending in the southeast direction along the Godavari and the Krishna valleys.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

Answer-

Alluvial soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast, particularly in the deltas of the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna, and the Kaveri rivers. 

Three main features of Alluvial soil are:

• Alluvial soil is very highly fertile due to which regions of alluvial soils are intensively cultivated and densely populated.
• Soil contains an adequate proportion of potash, phosphoric acid, and lime which are ideal for the growth of sugarcane, paddy, wheat, and other cereal and pulse crops.
• The alluvial soil consists of various proportions of sand, silt, and clay.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Answer-

To control soil erosion in hilly areas, people can resort to the following methods:

• Contour Ploughing: When plowed along the contour lines, water flow can be decelerated down the sloped which helps control soil erosion.
• Terrace Cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces which helps in controlling soil erosion
• Strip Cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops as it breaks the force of the wind.
• Shelter Belts: Planting lines of trees to create shelter also works in a similar way. Rows of such trees are called shelter belts

(iv) What are the biotic & abiotic resources? Give some examples.

Answer-

Biotic Resources: Resources obtained from the biosphere and have life are called biotic resources. For eg: Plants, animals, human beings, etc.

Abiotic Resources: Resources composed of non-living things are said to be abiotic resources. For eg: Water, Soil, Wind, etc.

3. Long Answer Questions

(i) Explain land use patterns in India and why has the land under forest not increased much since 1960-61.

Answer-

The use of land is determined both by physical factors such as topography, climate, and soil types as well as human factors such as population density, technological capability, culture, traditions, etc. Land resources in India are primarily divided into agricultural land, forest land, land meant for pasture and grazing, and wasteland.

Forest area in the country is far lower than the desired 33 percent of the geographical area, as it was outlined in the National Forest Policy (1952). It was considered essential for the maintenance of the ecological balance. The livelihood of millions of people who live on the fringes of these forests depends upon it.  The land under forest has not increased since 1960–61 because in the post-independence era demand for more land to expand agriculture, developmental works and infrastructural facilities, led to the clearance of forest areas. Industrialization and urbanization also decreased the forest area. A part of the land is termed as waste land and land put to other non-agricultural uses. Waste land includes rocky, arid, and desert areas and land put to other non-agricultural uses including settlements, roads, railways, industry, etc. Thus, land under forest has increased by only about 4% since 1960-61.

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of resources?

Answer-

The following factors have contributed towards more consumption of resources due to technical & economic development: Technological & economic development both go hand-in-hand

• Technological development provides advanced equipment whose consumption demand increases leading to more production and thus an increase in consumption of more resources. Large-scale production led to overutilization of resources.
• Technological advancement leads to greater exploitation of resources.
• Technological development also leads to economic development. When the economic condition of a country rises, the needs of people also rise. It again results in more consumption of resources.

Resource and Development Summary

The students will understand and develop further knowledge on the following topics:

1. Types of Resources- This is divided further into 4 categories:
   1. On the basis of origin- Biotic and Abiotic resources
   2. On the basis of exhaustibility- Renewable and Non- Renewable resources
   3. On the basis of ownership- Individual, community, and so forth
   4. On the basis of status development- Potential resources and developed resources
2. Development of resources
3. Rio de Janeiro
4. Agenda 21
5. Resource Planning and Development
6. Conservation of resources
7. Land Utilisation
8. Land use pattern in India
9. Classification of soils
10. Soil erosion and conservation

Contemporary India- II is an important book of social science subject for class 10 and the solutions of different chapters are provided in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science.

Important Topics Discussed in the Chapter

1. Development of Resources
2. Resource Planning 
3. Soil as a Resource and Classification of Soils

CBSE Notes Class 10 Geography Chapter 1- Resources and Development