1 Mr Natsios is now Assistant Administrator of Food and Humanitarian Assistance.

2 See Africa Watch: . January 1990.

3 See: , "Somalia: A Fight to the Death?" February 13, 1992.

4 For details see , February 13.

5 : Somalia, Proposed by the ICRC for April to June 1992, March 5, 1992.

6 Extrapolations were performed with the assistance of statisticians working at the Center for Survey Research at the University of Massachusetts in Boston. A detailed report of the analysis of this data is now in preparation.

7 For details, see Jane's

8 The definition and description of PTSD are drawn largely from the American Psychiatric Association's , 3rd edition, Revised (1987).

9 During World War I, a condition akin to PTSD was commonly known as "shell shock."

10 Boothby, Neil. "Working in the War Zone: A Look at Psychological Theory and Practice from the Field." Lecture given at the Conference on Children and War, Sigmund Freud Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, June 25, 1990.

11 In Islamic countries, national chapters of the Red Cross are known as the Red Crescent.

12 I. M. Boothman, "A Historical Survey of the Incidence of Drought in Northern Somalia," in I. M. Lewis (ed.) , London, 1975.

13 United States Department of Agriculture, , November 1991, p. 34.

14 Food and Agriculture Organization, , December 1991, p. 14.

15 "Somalia: Global Approach the Only Means of Averting Famine" in the of the ICRC, March 1992.

16 Kenneth Menkhaus, "Report on an Emergency Needs Assessment of the Lower Jubba Region, Somalia," World Concern, July 1991. The definition of "undernutrition" is not given.

17 ICRC , March 5, 1992.

18 The method of measuring malnutrition used was the QUAC stick, which tends to give higher rates of malnutrition than more reliable but more difficult anthropometric methods.

19 Africa Watch interview with Ethiopian Refugee Committees, February 3 and 5, north and south Mogadishu.

20 Letter from Ethiopian Refugee Executive Committee to UNHCR, dated February 2, 1992.

21 See , March 1992.

22 See , February 13, 1992, for an account of the obstruction to relief efforts from both factions of the USC.

23 The African members of the Security Council are Zimbabwe, Morocco and Cape Verde.

24 Paul Lewis, Security Council Weighs Role in Somali Civil War, , March 18, 1992.

25 The U.S. was also responsible for watering down an earlier UN resolution on Somalia, sponsored by Cape Verde and adopted on January 23, 1992, so as to downplay U.N. engagement in conflict resolution in Somalia. For details, see , February 13.