import org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
import org.junit.runner.Description;
import org.junit.runners.model.Statement;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
 
import javax.naming.Context;
import javax.naming.InitialContext;
import javax.naming.NamingException;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import java.io.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.sql.Driver;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
 
 
/**
 * Creates an context for tests using an Apache Tomcat server.xml.
 *
 * https://blogs.oracle.com/randystuph/entry/injecting_jndi_datasources_for_junit
 *
 * @author alex.collins
 */
public class TomcatContextRule implements TestRule {
 
 public static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(CatalinaContextRule.class);
 
 /**
 * Creates all the sub-contexts for a name.
 */
 public static void createSubContexts(Context ctx, String name) {
 String subContext = '';
 for (String x : name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('/')).split('/')) {
 subContext += x;
 try {
 ctx.createSubcontext(subContext);
 } catch (NamingException e) {
 // nop
 }
 subContext += '/';
 }
 }
 
 private final File serverXml;
 
 public TomcatContextRule(File serverXml, Object target) {
 if (serverXml == null || !serverXml.isFile()) {throw new IllegalArgumentException();}
 if (target == null) {throw new IllegalArgumentException();}
 this.serverXml = serverXml;
 }
 
 public Statement apply(final Statement statement, Description description) {
 return new Statement() {
 @Override
 public void evaluate() throws Throwable {
 createInitialContext();
 try {
 statement.evaluate();
 } finally {
 destroyInitialContext();
 }
 }
 };
 }
 
 private void createInitialContext() throws Exception {
 
 LOGGER.info('creating context');
 
 System.setProperty(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY, org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory.class.getName());
 System.setProperty(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, 'org.apache.naming');
 
 final InitialContext ic = new InitialContext();
 
 createSubContexts(ic, 'java:/comp/env');
 
 final DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
 final DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
 final Document document = builder.parse(serverXml);
 
 // create Environment
 {
 final NodeList envs = document.getElementsByTagName('Environment');
 for (int i = 0; i < envs.getLength(); i++) {
 final Element env = (Element)envs.item(i); // must be Element
 final String name = 'java:comp/env/' + env.getAttribute('name');
 final Object instance = Class.forName(env.getAttribute('type')).getConstructor(String.class)
 .newInstance(env.getAttribute('value'));
 
 LOGGER.info('binding ' + name + ' <' + instance + '>');
 
 createSubContexts(ic, name);
 
 ic.bind(name, instance);
 }
 }
 
 // Resource
 {
 final NodeList resources = document.getElementsByTagName('Resource');
 for (int i = 0; i < resources.getLength(); i++) {
 final Element resource = (Element)resources.item(i); // must be Element
 final String name = 'java:comp/env/' + resource.getAttribute('name');
 final Class<?> type = Class.forName(resource.getAttribute('type'));
 
 final Object instance;
 if (type.equals(DataSource.class)) {
 {
 @SuppressWarnings('unchecked') // this mus be driver?
 final Class<? extends Driver> driverClass = (Class<? extends Driver>) Class.forName(resource.getAttribute('driverClassName'));
 
 DriverManager.registerDriver(driverClass.newInstance());
 }
 
 final BasicDataSource dataSource = new BasicDataSource();
 // find all the bean attributes and set them use some reflection
 for (Method method : dataSource.getClass().getMethods()) {
 
 if (!method.getName().matches('^set.*')) {continue;}
 
 final String x = method.getName().substring(3, 4).toLowerCase() + method.getName().substring(4);
 
 if (!resource.hasAttribute(x)) {continue;}
 Class<?> y = method.getParameterTypes()[0]; // might be primitive
 
 if (y.isPrimitive()) {
 if (y.getName().equals('boolean')) y = Boolean.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('byte')) y = Byte.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('char')) y = Character.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('double')) y = Double.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('float')) y = Float.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('int')) y = Integer.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('long')) y = Long.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('short')) y = Short.class;
 if (y.getName().equals('void')) y = Void.class;
 }
 
 method.invoke(dataSource, y.getConstructor(String.class).newInstance(resource.getAttribute(x)));
 }
 
 instance = dataSource;
 } else {
 // not supported, yet...
 throw new AssertionError('type ' + type + ' not supported');
 }
 
 LOGGER.info('binding ' + name + ' <' + instance + '>');
 
 createSubContexts(ic, name);
 
 ic.bind(name, instance);
 }
 }
 }
 
 private void destroyInitialContext() {
 System.clearProperty(Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY);
 System.clearProperty(Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES);
 
 LOGGER.info('context destroyed');
 }
 
}

For example:

 @Rule
 public TestRule rules = RuleChain.outerRule(new CatalinaContextRule(new File(getClass().getResource('/server.xml').getFile()), this))
 .around(new ContextRule(new String[] {'/applicationContext.xml'}, this));

This code is on Github.

Reference: Tomcat Context JUnit @Rule from our JCG partner Alex Collins at the Alex Collins ‘s blog blog.