Developing countries are faced with trade-offs where multinational corporations could help local economic growth, but also cause more environmental damage than domestic counterparts. This research confirms such negative effects and discusses how better governance could reduce detrimental outcomes.

The link between temperature and child maltreatment in Africa remains unexplored. This study demonstrates a substantial association, particularly among socio-economically disadvantaged families, driven by behavioural changes, occupational exposure and reduced household resources.

How hailstorms change with warming is not well understood. Here the authors use global projections with different hail proxies to show that hail-prone conditions shift polewards under warming, also shifting crop risk related to hail hazards.

Climate-friendly intentions do not always translate into action. This Review synthesizes evidence on the intrapersonal, social and structural mechanisms underlying this gap and outlines interventions that offer actionable strategies to close it.

The biophysical effects of forests on climate are important for mitigation, but the impacts of climate change on these effects are unclear. This study shows that vapour pressure deficit is the primary driver of trends in forest biophysical cooling, regulated by plant anisohydricity.

An ownership-based approach to carbon accounting is emerging alongside production- and consumption-based frameworks. This study provides global estimates, identifies which countries are net owners of emissions abroad and traces the concentration of ownership emissions among top wealth groups.

The authors classify cropland and emissions changes for 174 countries over 30 years. They highlight the asymmetric intensification of global disparities, with imports from countries with high emissions intensities and low-efficiency cropland expansion rising 4.2-fold since 1992.

Sea-level rise in conjunction with storm surge and tidal variations leads to extreme sea levels that threaten coastal systems. Here the authors use tide-gauge data and models to quantify how anthropogenic climate change has increased the risk of these extreme sea-level events since 1900.

Southern California is rarely affected by tropical cyclones at present. Here the authors show that this could change with warming, leading to an increase in landslide risk that is expected to disproportionately affect low-income households.

The EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) was introduced to curb carbon leakage, but its impact is debated. Using export and emissions data from Indian steel plants, researchers show early evidence that the CBAM could penalize high-emission producers, rather than act as a blanket trade barrier.

As climate change impacts are increasingly apparent, there are changes in society and the political landscape that need to be considered.

Climate debates often frame individual behaviour and systems change as distinct pathways to action. We suggest that social change arises from individuals’ agency within their roles in societal systems, and that this agency should be actively leveraged to achieve meaningful climate change mitigation.