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⇱ Open-Source TPDE Can Compile Code 10-20x Faster Than LLVM - Phoronix


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Open-Source TPDE Can Compile Code 10-20x Faster Than LLVM

Written by Michael Larabel in LLVM on 2 June 2025 at 12:43 PM EDT. 32 Comments
Researchers from the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have announced TPDE as a fast and adaptable compiler back-end framework. The code is now open-source and they are talking up some very wild compile time improvements... Compiling code for x86_64 and AArch64 with TPDE can be ten to twenty times faster than using the LLVM Clang compiler.

The researchers in Munich have published this research paper around the TPDE framework. The TPDE code is open-source on GitHub where they sum it up as:
"TPDE is a fast compiler back-end framework that adapts to existing SSA IRs. The primary goal is low-latency compilation while maintaining reasonable (-O0) code quality, e.g., as baseline compiler for JIT compilation or unoptimized builds. Currently, TPDE only targets ELF-based x86-64 and AArch64 (Armv8.1) platforms."

It's important to note that the comparison is done at the -O0 optimization level and what they are comparing with LLVM upstream at -O0 rather than the higher optimization levels like -O2 or -O3. TPDE provides TPDE-LLVM as a standalone back-end for LLVM that is summed up as:
"TPDE-LLVM: a standalone back-end for LLVM-IR, which compiles 10--20x faster than LLVM -O0 with similar code quality, usable as library (e.g., for JIT), as tool (tpde-llc), and integrated in Clang/Flang (with a patch)."

Today they also announced their TPDE work on the LLVM.org Discourse where they also included some SPEC CPU 2017 comparison build results and more details. The key takeaway:
"We recently open-sourced TPDE and our fast LLVM baseline back-end (TPDE-LLVM), which is 10-20x faster than the LLVM -O0 back-end with similar runtime performance and 10-30% larger code size. We support a typical subset of LLVM-IR and only target x86-64 and AArch64."

And their comparison benchmarks to upstream LLVM:

👁 TPDE benchmarks


For now their focus is just on the -O0 and -O1 optimization level usage. Very interesting work and hopefully these researchers continue building upon TPDE and exploring other compiler performance optimizations.

Michael Larabel is the principal author of Phoronix.com and founded the site in 2004 with a focus on enriching the Linux hardware experience. Michael has written more than 20,000 articles covering the state of Linux hardware support, Linux performance, graphics drivers, and other topics. Michael is also the lead developer of the Phoronix Test Suite, Phoromatic, and OpenBenchmarking.org automated benchmarking software. He can be followed via Twitter, LinkedIn, or contacted via MichaelLarabel.com.