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General Information
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I hope to make available public domain materials that are essential for the study of ancient and early modern mathematics and mathematical astronomy. Google, for example, has done some things to achieve this through its books.google.com project. However, like most other efforts at digitally copying non digital materials, "mistakes were made". For example, Google currently has several (all incomplete) versions of Teubner's's edition of Euclid available for download. Most of these unfortunately contain page after page that are illegible, missing, out of order or otherwise unusable.
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Most of the works available here were made by repairing the imperfect Google scans. This repairing has taken the form of replacing illegible or missing pages of one Google text with readable pages from another Google scan of the same text, splicing together readable portions of pages with Photoshop, replacing missing pages with scans from a local library, and replacing missing pages with transcriptions in TeX, a mathematical typesetting software, from copies that are too brittle to scan
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Other sources of texts include the Digital Library of India [DLI] , the former Sansknet project, the Gallica website, the Babson website and others, as well as privately owned public domain material.
- The scans of the Almagest distributed here are not part of the Google project. Google's scans of the Almagest are, quite frankly, horrendous and unuseable. The best of them contain dozens of unreadable or missing pages.
- The scans released here were made from a set of photocopies I made of Prof. David Pingree's Teubner edition of the Almagest over 10 years ago. I replaced two pages from Book I with more legible scans from the copy of books I-VI available at the Million Books Project. The free Adobe Acrobat reader version 8 is required to view the Almagest
The PDFs of the manuscripts of al-Khazini's Zij as-Sanjari were made from photocopies that were kindly given to me by the late Dr. David Pingree.
What's New
September 6, 2021
- Added a link to Euclid's Elements (digitized) in Greek, Latin, Arabic, Sanskrit and Chinese at the University of Oslo in the table of links to Euclid's Elements
March 8, 2020
- Added a link to a complete collection of mp3 (audio) files of the Arabic (Van Dyke) bible(New Links 2020)
- Added links to online Sanskrit lexica, Bopp's Glossarium Sanscritum, DiogenesWeb,Bhāskara, the Śiṣya Dhī Vṛddhida Tantra and the Vaṭeśvara Siddhānta (New Links 2020)
December 25, 2016
- Added a copy of the Grammar of the Homeric Dialect. Monro. 1891
November 1, 2015
- Added high resolution PDFs (> 100 Mb) of volumes I-VIII of Heiberg's Euclid from ECHO. I am unable to find volume IX on ECHO.
- Added a link to an ISO mirror of the sansknet.org website I made in 2004. The file size is ~330 Mb.
- Added a link to Cambridge Library Reprints.
October 25, 2015
- Added a high resolution copy of the the Latin editio princeps of Euclid's Elements by Campanus- Preclarissimus liber elementorum Euclidis perspicacissimi. Venice, 1482. 250 Mb.
October 18, 2015
- Added a local copy of a short autobiography of David E. Pingree, edited by William Calder III.
- Added two high resolution PDFs of the Greek editio princeps of the Almagest (1538)
- Added a copy of the Latin editio princeps of the Almagest (1515), as well as George of Trebizond's Latin translation of the Greek Almagest (1541)
- Added two additional copies of Edmund Halley's Conics of Apollonius, as well as a version of the Conics by Isaac Barrow.
- Added Robert Simpson's Latin version of Eulclid's Element's, Books 1-6, 11 and 12
October 11, 2015
- Added an OCR copy of volume IX of Heiberg's Euclid (the commentary of al-Nayrizi) and additional copies of Marsilio FIcino's Platonis Dialogi Latine iuxta Interpretationem Ficini Aliorumque.
September 29, 2015
- Added a collection, which was provided to me, of 28 mostly Greek mathematical works. The editions have been run through OCR . See the section "Collections".
September 24, 2015
- Added a copy of Heiberg's Almagest, books 7-13
May 25, 2014
- Added a PDF of Dvivedi's 1902 edition of the BSS
- Added a second copy of VOL IX of Heiberg's Euclid.
June 16, 2013
- Added various editions of Homer by Riddell, Monro and others.
- Added Samuel Clark's edition and Latin translation of Homer (1814).
June 13, 2013
- Added Marchant's edition of Thucydides, another copy of Haas' Latin translation of Thucydides, and several more editions of Ficino's Latin translation of Plato.
May 5, 2013
- Added a link to the book 201 Arabic Verbs at the Million Books Project
- Added a link to a local mirror of www.isos.org, which contains a concordance to all the words in the Quran and Van Dyke Arabic bible. (www.isos.org has apparently gone dark.)
February 16, 2013
- Added another copy of Heath's translation of Euclid. Much higher quality than the version available at Google books.
- Added Valla's Latin translation of Thucydides.
- The Vatican Library is making some of its manuscripts available online.
December 22, 2012
- Added Procli Diadochi Hypotyposis astronomicarum positionum. Gyraneaus. 1540.
- Added Manitius' edtion of Proclus' Hypotyposis astronomicarum positionum. Teubner. 1902.
December 21, 2012
- Added a biography of Otto Neugebauer by Noel Swerdlow.
September 23, 2012
- Added a link to the article Copernicus and his Islamic Predecessors (2004) by F. Jamil Ragep.
September, 22, 2012
- Added corrected versions of Schlegel's Gita and Ramayana, as well as Riddell's Apology of Plato.
- Added a A TeX transcription of books 10-12 of the Zij as-Sanjari of Al-Khazini I made several years ago.
July 22, 2012
April 30, 2012
- Added Sophoclis Tragoediae Oedipus Tyrannus, Philoctetes et Oedipus Coloneus, Thomas Johnson, London, 1746- Greek with Latin translation; From Religion to Philosophy, F. M. Cornford.
January 16, 2012
- Added a second Arabic edition of the Fihrist of Ibn al-Nadim.
August 2, 2011
- Added several editions of the New Testament in Latin and Greek
July 20, 2011
- Added a Latin translation of Proclus' commentary on Euclid I: Procli Diadochi Philosophi Platonici ac Mathematici Probatissimi in Primum Eulcidis Elementorum Librorum Commentarium.
January 27, 2011
- Added the 1880 Tehran edition of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi's tahrir of Euclid's Elements.
December 23, 2010
- Added Edmund Halley's edition and Latin translation of Apollonious of Perga's Conic Sections[Apollonii Pergaei Conicorum libri octo]
August 11, 2010
- Added the Rāmāyāṇa of Vālmīki (Sanskrit) with the Commentaries Tilaka of Rāma, Rāmāyāṇaśiromaṇi of Śivashāya and Bhūṣaṇa of Govindarāja
August 9, 2010
- Added the Greek editio princeps of the Almagest (Grynaeus) with the commentary of Theon of Alexandria
- Added Hypsicles' Ascensions (Greek text with Latin translation and German introduction)
July 17, 2010
- Added a second (and complete) copy of Pappus of Alexandria's Commentary on Book X of Euclid - Arabic Text and (English) Translation
- Added George of Trebizond's Latin translation of the Almagest (1528)
July 15, 2010
- Added Ceuvres De Fermat (The Works of Fermat)VOl IV
- Added Sieben Bücher über Kegelschnitte, nebst dem durch Halley wieder hergestellten achten Buche;Paul Heinrich Belsam (1861) . German translation of Halley's edition of the Conics
- Added Book V of Edmund Halley's Apollonii Pergaei Conicorum Libri Octo
June 29, 2010
- Added Pappus of Alexandria's Commentary on Book X of Euclid - Arabic Text and (English) Translation
June 8, 2010
- Added The Method of Archimedes - Recently Discovered by Heiberg . T.L. Heath, 1912
- Added 13 titles from the Allen and Greenough Latin series, including Caesar, Cicero, Livy, Ovid and Tacitus.
June 4, 2010
- Added Freytag's Lexicon Arabico-Latinum and an abridgement (1837). Added Kosegarten's Chrestomathia Arabica (1828).
- Add R.C. Jebb's "school" edition of the Oedipus Rex.
- Added Macdonell 's A History of Sanskrit Literature
- Added Schlegel's edition and (partial) Latin translation of the first two books of the Ramayana.
March 13, 2010
- Added Euclidis Elementorum libri XV una cum scholiis antiquis a Frederico Commandino nuper in Latinum conversi. [The Fifteen Books of Euclid's Elements along with Ancient Scholia]. Fredericus Commandinus. Latin .1572.
March 11, 2010
- Added a corrected version of Halley's Latin translation of the Arabic version of Apollonius' De Sectione Rationis
March 6, 2010
- Added The Commentary of Hipparchus on the Phaenomena of Aratus and Eudoxus in Three Books. Manitius. 1894. Greek with German translation.
March 4, 2010
- Added The Algebra of Al-Khwarizmi (Arabic with English translation) 1831 from the Million Books Project. As always, the scan is much better than that of the Google Books version already on this site.
March 2, 2010
- Added The Brhat Jataka of Varahamihira (English translation) 1905 from the Million Books Project. As always, the scan is much better than that of the Google Books version already on this site.
March 1, 2010
- Added Tausend und Eine Nacht Arabisch Nach einer Handschrift aus Tunis.[One Thousand and One Nights- Arabic: كتاب ألف ليلة وليلة Kitāb 'alf layla wa-layla]; Ed. Habicht. German introduction. Arabic Text. 12 volumes. 1825-1838
- AddedThe Book of The Thousand Nights and One Night English translation by John Payne. London: 1901
- Added The Book of a Thousand Nights and One: Its History and Character. John Payne 1884
February 28,2010
- Added One Thousand and One Nights (Arabic: كتاب ألف ليلة وليلة Kitāb 'alf layla wa-layla) Edited by W.H.McNaughten, Esq. Four Volumes. Arabic. London/Calcutta. 1839-1842
February 27, 2010
- Added the editio princeps of the Latin version of the Quran (1534).
February 26, 2010
- Added a 17th century edition of the Latin translation by Commandinus of books I-IV of Apollonius of Perga's Conics
- Added an edition and Latin translation of Theon of Smyrna's Liber de Astronomia (Book on Astronomy) 1849
February 13, 2010
- Added the Latin translation by Commandinus of books I-IV of Apollonius of Perga's Conics
February 10,2010
- Added Serenus von Antissa über den Schnitt des Cylinders . German translation with Latin exposition.
February 9, 2010
- Added J.L. Heiberg's Naturwissenchaften und Mathematik im classischen Atertum and an English translation, Mathematics and Physical Science in Classical Antiquity
February 8, 2010
- Added additional copies of the Works of Fermat (3 Volumes) and Robert of Chester's Algebra.
February 4, 2010
- Added the seven volume series Sophocles - The Plays and Fragments (Greek) Text, Notes, Translation and Commentary R.C. Jebb
- Added Allbumasr's De Magnis Conjunctionibus, Annorum Revolutionibus ac Eorum Profectionibus (early printed edition)
- Added a Latin translation of an Arabic version of Apollonius of Perga's Conic Sections, Books V, VI &VII
- Added a Latin translation of an Arabic version of Archimedes' Liber Assumptorum
January 29, 2010
- Added two Greek editions (one with a French translation) of Theon of Smyrna's Mathematics Useful for Understanding Plato
January 17, 2010
- Added Sanskrit editions of the Kathopanishad and Prasnopanishad Bhasya with English translations and notes; added a brief biography of David Pingree by Charles Burnett; added two 19th century Greek editions of Plato's Parmenides with English notes.
January 12, 2010
- Rolled back changes made on October 22 and moved all PDF files back to Wilbourhall.org. By disallowing hotlinks, I inadvertently made it impossible for some users to download files. My apologies!
October 26, 2009
- Added Mafatih al-'Ulum (“Key to the Sciences” - Arabic) of the 10th century al-Khwarizmi. Removed the Google translation widget.
October 22, 2009
- Server logs are indicating that a large percentage of the bandwidth from wilbourhall.org is going to hotlinks from commercial sites. In an attempt to prevent this, I have moved most of the PDFs available here to a different server and disallowed hotlinks. If this is causing any problems for you, or if you notice any broken links, please let me know. My contact information is at the bottom of this page. I apologize for any inconvenience.
September 17, 2009
- 680,000 pdf files downloaded so far!
Septeber 12,2009
- Added H.H. Wilson's English Translation (with notes) of the Vishnu Purana
September 10, 2009
- Added Chandra Vasu's English translation of book 8 of Panini based on the Kashika.
August 6, 2009
- Added an edition of the Aitareya Brahmana of the Rig Veda - Sanskrit text with English translation (1863).
August 3, 2009
- The Latin translation of the Arabic version of the Quadripartitium of Ptolemy, made by Plato of Tivoli in 1138. Basel 1533.
August 1, 2009
- Added H.H. Wilson's English translation of the Rig Veda. (I have the PDFs of his translation of the Vishnu Purana and hope to post them soon.)
July 31, 2009
- Added Questiones Archimedeae - the doctoral dissertation of J. L. Heiberg (1872). Please note that in the future, all updates to this site will also be posted on Twitter. Google books seems to be limiting downloads based on IP address(though I could be mistaken). I get some silly "error" message that states my requests seem to be similar to some type of spyware. (Ah! Spyware that downloads books!?) I would not be surprised if this is actually some sort of beta-test for a pay-per-download service on Google books. Fine. But is this what the libraries agreed to when they let Google scan (and I use the word kindly) their books?
July 21,2009
- Added Max Muller's edition of the Rig Veda Samhita with the Pada texts; Regiomontanus' Epitome of the Almagest; Vasu's edition and translation of Panini; a Latin translation of a work by al-Kindi on the air and winds and another edition of the Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi.
July 17th, 2009
- Added Max Muller's edition of the Rig Veda Samhita in the Sanskrit section. I checked my logs, and it seems that over 600,000 PDF files have been downloaded from this site since it started in 2007, with the most popular text being the Brahma-Sphuta-Siddhanta of Brahmagupta, with the first volume of Heiberg's Euclid a close second. I hope the manes of Dr. Pingree are pleased....or at least not displeased......
July 5th, 2009
- Added Ballantyne's edition of the Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi with English translation and an early twentieth-century edition of the Siddhānta-Kaumudī by Bhaṭṭojī Dīkṣita, with the Tattvabodhinī and Subodhinī commentaries.
July 4th, 2009
- Added a six volume edition of the Mahabhashya with two Sanskrit commentaries. PDFs compiled from images available at the Digital Library of India
- Added Schlegel's edition and Latin translation of the Bhagavad Gita (Google Books)
- Added an edition and Latin translation of Thucydides (1840) from the Gallica website
- Added A.M. Adam's editions (with vocabularies and notes) of Plato's Apology and Euthyphro. (Google)
June 28, 2009
- Added Heiberg's edition of Serenus of Antissa.
June 27, 2009
- Added a link to the Zij as-Sanjari of Gregory Chioniades, my doctoral dissertation written under the direction of Dr. David Edwin Pingree.
June 24, 2009
- Added a PDF of a photocopy of manuscript 682 in the library of the Sipahsalar Mosque in Tehran, Iran containing al-Khazini's epitome of his Zij as-Sanjari (Arabic). This manuscript includes the astronomical tables of the Zij. This copy is from the collection of David E. Pingree, who obtained it, to the best of my recollection, in the late 1990's from the mosque librarian.
June 16, 2009
- Added book II, fascicle II of Codex Leidensis, 399
April 15th, 2009
- Added PDFs of volumes 1,2,5,7, and 8 of Heiberg's Euclid from the Million Books Project (scanned at Toronto, I believe)
- Added PDFs of both volumes of Heiberg's Apollonius (also from the Million Books Project)
- Am attempting to color code entries for texts by source. We'll see if this works :)
April 7th, 2009
- Added PDFs made from image files available at ECHO of VOL I and VOL II of Heiberg's Euclid.
April 6th, 2009
- Added a PDF made from image files available at ECHO of VOL VIII of Heiberg's Euclid, thereby completing the series. I hope to add more texts of Euclid from ECHO in the coming months, as the quality is far superior to that of the Google scans.
- Added the two volume set of T.L. Heath's History of Greek Mathematics from the Million Books Project (VOL I, VOL II)
March 30th, 2009
- Added a link to a mirror of the sansknet.org project that I made sometime during 2004-2005. Several works are incomplete or missing. I do not know if this is due to network errors during the process of mirroring, or if the works had not yet been added to the site
March 27, 2009
- Added an edition of Omar Khayyam's Algebra (Arabic with French Translation)
- Added an edition of the Aryabhatiya with the commentary Bhatadipika of Paramadishwara from the Million Books Project
October 9th, 2009
- Added a translation by Gherard of Cremona of some short philosophical works by al-Kindi. Also added : Pāṇinis Grammatik: Herausgegeben, übersetzt, erläutert und mit verschiedenen Indices versehen. Otto von Böhtlingk
October 8th, 2008
- Added Leibniz and Gauss. There seems to be one volume of the collected works of Leibniz missing on books.google.com. I'll keep looking. (I just found it! It was in with volume I !)
- I'll be consolidating the recenlty-added material on the page in the coming days/weeks. I hope to add more detailed descriptions of the contents of multi-volume sets, such as those for Kelper, Gauss etc. and perhaps add Adobe bookmarks to the chapters of the PDFs if time permits.
Earlier versions of wilbourhall.org are available at archive.org
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Please report broken links, illegible pages of PDFs, etc. to the maintainer of this site, Joseph Leichter, at wilbourhall@gmail.com. The contents of this page - including but not limited to the source code - are protected by US copyright.
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