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⇱ Exodus 11:10 Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Bible > Exodus > Chapter 11 > Verse 10
◄ Exodus 11:10 ►
New International Version
Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country.

New Living Translation
Moses and Aaron performed these miracles in Pharaoh’s presence, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he wouldn’t let the Israelites leave the country.

English Standard Version
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.

Berean Standard Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

King James Bible
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

New King James Version
So Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

New American Standard Bible
So Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.

NASB 1995
Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.

NASB 1977
And Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.

Legacy Standard Bible
Now Moses and Aaron did all these miraculous wonders before Pharaoh; yet Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart with strength, and he did not let the sons of Israel go out of his land.

Amplified Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders (miracles) before Pharaoh; yet the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Christian Standard Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

American Standard Version
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and Jehovah hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Contemporary English Version
So the king of Egypt saw Moses and Aaron work miracles, but the LORD made him stubbornly refuse to let the Israelites leave his country.

English Revised Version
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Moses and Aaron showed Pharaoh all these amazing things. Yet, the LORD made Pharaoh stubborn, so he wouldn't let the Israelites leave his country.

Good News Translation
Moses and Aaron performed all these miracles before the king, but the LORD made him stubborn, and he would not let the Israelites leave his country.

International Standard Version
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders in front of Pharaoh, but the LORD made Pharaoh's heart stubborn, and he would not let the Israelis go out from his land.

NET Bible
So Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not release the Israelites from his land.

New Heart English Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel depart from his land.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

World English Bible
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but Yahweh hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he didn’t let the children of Israel go out of his land.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and Moses and Aaron have done all these wonders before Pharaoh, and YHWH strengthens Pharaoh’s heart, and he has not sent the sons of Israel out of his land.

Young's Literal Translation
and Moses and Aaron have done all these wonders before Pharaoh, and Jehovah strengtheneth Pharaoh's heart, and he hath not sent the sons of Israel out of his land.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Moses and Aaron did all these signs before Pharaoh; and Jehovah will bind fast Pharaoh's heart, and he sent not forth the sons of Israel from his land.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Moses and Aaron did all the wonders that are written, before Pharao. And the Lord hardened Pharao's heart, neither did he let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Now Moses and Aaron did all the wonders that are written, in the sight of Pharaoh. And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh; neither did he release the sons of Israel from his land.

New American Bible
Thus, although Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders in Pharaoh’s presence, the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go from his land.

New Revised Standard Version
Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh; but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the people of Israel go out of his land.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; but the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Moshe and Aaron did these signs before Pharaoh and LORD JEHOVAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh and he did not send the children of Israel from his land.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Moses and Aaron wrought all these signs and wonders in the land of Egypt before Pharao; and the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao, and he did not hearken to send forth the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Plague on the Firstborn Foretold
…9The LORD said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen to you, so that My wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.” 10Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Cross References
Exodus 7:3-4
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, / Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.

Exodus 9:12
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not listen to them, just as the LORD had said to Moses.

Exodus 10:1-2
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials, that I may perform these miraculous signs of Mine among them, / and that you may tell your children and grandchildren how severely I dealt with the Egyptians when I performed miraculous signs among them, so that all of you may know that I am the LORD.”

Exodus 4:21
The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, see that you perform before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart so that he will not let the people go.

Exodus 14:4
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. But I will gain honor by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So this is what the Israelites did.

Romans 9:17-18
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

Deuteronomy 6:22
Before our eyes the LORD inflicted great and devastating signs and wonders on Egypt, on Pharaoh, and on all his household.

Psalm 105:27-28
They performed His miraculous signs among them, and wonders in the land of Ham. / He sent darkness, and it became dark—yet they defied His words.

John 12:37-40
Although Jesus had performed so many signs in their presence, they still did not believe in Him. / This was to fulfill the word of Isaiah the prophet: “Lord, who has believed our message? And to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?” / For this reason they were unable to believe. For again, Isaiah says: ...

Acts 7:36
He led them out and performed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, at the Red Sea, and for forty years in the wilderness.

Hebrews 3:7-9
Therefore, as the Holy Spirit says: “Today, if you hear His voice, / do not harden your hearts, as you did in the rebellion, in the day of testing in the wilderness, / where your fathers tested and tried Me, and for forty years saw My works.

1 Samuel 6:6
Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people out so they could go on their way?

Nehemiah 9:10
You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the people of his land, for You knew they had acted with arrogance against our fathers. You made a name for Yourself that endures to this day.

Psalm 78:43-51
when He performed His signs in Egypt and His wonders in the fields of Zoan. / He turned their rivers to blood, and from their streams they could not drink. / He sent swarms of flies that devoured them, and frogs that devastated them. ...

Isaiah 63:12
who sent His glorious arm to lead them by the right hand of Moses, who divided the waters before them to gain for Himself everlasting renown,


Exodus 4:21
And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

Exodus 7:13,14
And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said…

Exodus 10:20,27
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go…

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Aaron Children Country Depart Hard Hardened Heart Israel Israelites Moses Performed Pharaoh Pharaoh's Strengtheneth Stubborn Wonders
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Aaron Children Country Depart Hard Hardened Heart Israel Israelites Moses Performed Pharaoh Pharaoh's Strengtheneth Stubborn Wonders
Exodus 11
1. God's message to the Israelites to borrow jewels of their neighbors
4. Moses threatens Pharaoh with the death the firstborn














Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh
Moses and Aaron, as God's chosen leaders, performed miraculous signs and wonders in Egypt to demonstrate God's power and authority. These wonders included the ten plagues, which were direct challenges to the Egyptian gods and demonstrated God's supremacy. The plagues served as both judgment against Egypt and a means to compel Pharaoh to release the Israelites. The wonders were not just acts of power but also signs pointing to God's covenant faithfulness to Israel.

but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart
The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in the Exodus narrative. It highlights the tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. While Pharaoh initially hardened his own heart, God later confirmed Pharaoh's decision by hardening it further. This act served to fulfill God's purposes, demonstrating His power and ensuring that His name would be proclaimed throughout the earth. It also underscores the biblical principle that persistent rejection of God can lead to a judicial hardening.

so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land
Pharaoh's refusal to release the Israelites was part of God's plan to display His power and deliver His people with a mighty hand. The Israelites' eventual exodus from Egypt is a pivotal event in biblical history, symbolizing redemption and foreshadowing the ultimate deliverance through Jesus Christ. The land of Egypt, a place of bondage, contrasts with the Promised Land, a place of freedom and blessing. This phrase emphasizes God's control over historical events to achieve His redemptive purposes.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Moses
The prophet and leader chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from Egyptian bondage. He is central to the account of the Exodus.

2. Aaron
Moses' brother and spokesperson, who assists Moses in confronting Pharaoh and performing signs and wonders.

3. Pharaoh
The ruler of Egypt, whose heart is hardened by the LORD, leading to his refusal to release the Israelites.

4. The LORD (Yahweh)
The God of Israel, who demonstrates His power and sovereignty through the plagues and the hardening of Pharaoh's heart.

5. Egypt
The land where the Israelites are enslaved and from which God plans to deliver them through Moses and Aaron.
Teaching Points
God's Sovereignty
God's control over the events in Egypt demonstrates His ultimate authority over human affairs. Believers can trust in God's plan, even when circumstances seem challenging.

The Danger of a Hardened Heart
Pharaoh's hardened heart serves as a warning against resisting God's will. Christians are encouraged to remain open and responsive to God's guidance.

The Role of Obedience
Moses and Aaron's obedience in performing wonders before Pharaoh highlights the importance of following God's commands, even when the outcome is uncertain.

God's Purpose in Judgment
The plagues and Pharaoh's hardened heart reveal God's purpose in demonstrating His power and delivering His people. Believers can find assurance in God's justice and deliverance.

Faithfulness in Adversity
Despite Pharaoh's resistance, Moses and Aaron remain faithful to their mission. Christians are called to persevere in faith, trusting in God's timing and purpose.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1. What is the meaning of Exodus 11:10?

2. How does Exodus 11:10 demonstrate God's sovereignty over Pharaoh's heart and actions?

3. What lessons can we learn from Moses and Aaron's obedience in Exodus 11:10?

4. How does Exodus 11:10 connect to Romans 9:17 about God's purpose for Pharaoh?

5. In what ways can we trust God's plan when facing hardened hearts today?

6. How can Exodus 11:10 inspire perseverance in sharing God's message despite opposition?

7. Why did God harden Pharaoh's heart in Exodus 11:10?

8. Does Exodus 11:10 challenge the concept of free will?

9. How does Exodus 11:10 align with God's justice and mercy?

10. What are the top 10 Lessons from Exodus 11?

11. What events occur in the biblical book of Exodus?

12. How does the portrayal of Aaron's role in Exodus 32 align with other biblical depictions of him, and does it reveal inconsistencies across different texts?

13. Why does Moses repeatedly request permission for worship yet continue threatening Pharaoh (Exodus 10:9-11) if God had already determined Pharaoh's heart would be hardened?

14. Exodus 7:22-24: Why could Egypt's magicians replicate the plague if it was supposedly divine judgment?
What Does Exodus 11:10 Mean
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh

The verse opens by reminding us that every sign God promised (Exodus 4:17) has now been displayed.

• Ten escalating plagues—blood, frogs, gnats, flies, livestock disease, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the firstborn threat—have confronted Pharaoh (Exodus 7–11).

• Each wonder was performed “before Pharaoh,” giving him repeated, unmistakable evidence of the LORD’s power (Deuteronomy 34:11; Acts 7:36).

• The wording underscores Moses’ and Aaron’s obedience: they “did all,” holding nothing back (Hebrews 3:5). Their faithfulness models how God’s servants are to deliver His whole message, even when resisted (Jeremiah 1:17).

but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart

Here the spotlight shifts from human action to divine sovereignty.

• Earlier, Pharaoh hardened his own heart (Exodus 8:15, 32); God now confirms that stance (Exodus 4:21; 9:12; Romans 9:17-18).

• The hardening is judicial—God giving Pharaoh over to his chosen rebellion (Proverbs 29:1).

• This does not make Pharaoh a puppet; rather, it reveals a mystery where God’s will and human responsibility run side by side (Isaiah 55:8-9).

• The repeated hardening magnifies God’s glory by contrasting His mercy toward Israel with His righteous judgment on Egypt (Exodus 10:1-2).

so that he would not let the Israelites go out of his land

The immediate outcome is another refusal, but the larger purpose is God’s redemptive plan.

• Pharaoh’s “no” sets the stage for the climactic Passover and the Exodus itself (Exodus 12:29-31).

• Israel remains in Egypt just long enough for God to display His supremacy over every Egyptian deity (Exodus 12:12) and to make His name known among the nations (Joshua 2:10).

• The delay also teaches Israel—and us—that salvation is entirely God’s work, accomplished in His timing (Psalm 46:10).

• In Pharaoh’s stubbornness we see a warning: persistent resistance to God’s word ultimately destroys a person, while surrender brings deliverance (Hebrews 3:7-8; James 4:6-10).

summary

Exodus 11:10 ties the whole plague narrative together. Moses and Aaron have faithfully performed every sign God commanded. Pharaoh’s repeated hardening—initiated by his own pride and confirmed by the LORD—shows God’s absolute sovereignty. The final refusal sets up the dramatic rescue of Israel, revealing both God’s justice against hardened rebellion and His mercy toward those He chooses to redeem.

Verse 10. - Moses and Aaron did all these plagues before Pharaoh. Aaron's agency is not always mentioned, and seems to have been less marked in the later than in the earlier miracles, Moses gradually gaining self-reliance. In passing from the subject of the plagues wrought by the two brothers, it may be useful to give a synopsis of them, distinguishing those which came without warning from those which were announced beforehand, and noting, where possible, their actual worker, their duration, their physical source, and the hurt which they did.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Moses
וּמֹשֶׁ֣ה (ū·mō·šeh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 4872: Moses -- a great Israelite leader, prophet and lawgiver

and Aaron
וְאַהֲרֹ֗ן (wə·’a·hă·rōn)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 175: Aaron -- an elder brother of Moses

did
עָשׂ֛וּ (‘ā·śū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 6213: To do, make

all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

these
הָאֵ֖לֶּה (hā·’êl·leh)
Article | Pronoun - common plural
Strong's 428: These, those

wonders
הַמֹּפְתִ֥ים (ham·mō·p̄ə·ṯîm)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 4159: A miracle, a token, omen

before
לִפְנֵ֣י (lip̄·nê)
Preposition-l | Noun - common plural construct
Strong's 6440: The face

Pharaoh,
פַרְעֹ֑ה (p̄ar·‘ōh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6547: Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings

but the LORD
יְהוָה֙ (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

hardened
וַיְחַזֵּ֤ק (way·ḥaz·zêq)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2388: To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer

Pharaoh’s
פַּרְעֹ֔ה (par·‘ōh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6547: Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings

heart
לֵ֣ב (lêḇ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre

so that he would not
וְלֹֽא־ (wə·lō-)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

let the Israelites
בְּנֵֽי־ (bə·nê-)
Noun - masculine plural construct
Strong's 1121: A son

go out
שִׁלַּ֥ח (šil·laḥ)
Verb - Piel - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7971: To send away, for, out

of his land.
מֵאַרְצֽוֹ׃ (mê·’ar·ṣōw)
Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land


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OT Law: Exodus 11:10 Moses and Aaron did all these wonders (Exo. Ex)