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For the Campos Sales meteorite of 1991, see Meteorite falls.
President of Brazil from free 1898 to 1902
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In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Campos and the second or paternal family name is Sales.
Campos Sales
👁 Image
Official portrait, 1898
4th President of Brazil
In office
15 November 1898 – 15 November 1902
Vice PresidentRosa e Silva
Preceded byPrudente de Morais
Succeeded byRodrigues Alves
Diplomatic offices
Ambassador of Brazil to Argentina
In office
14 April 1912 – 6 July 1912
Nominated byHermes da Fonseca
Preceded byPereira da Costa Mota
Succeeded bySousa Dantas
Executive offices
President of São Paulo
In office
1 May 1896 – 31 October 1897
Vice PresidentPeixoto Gomide
Preceded byPeixoto Gomide
Succeeded byPeixoto Gomide
Minister of Justice
In office
18 November 1889 – 22 January 1891
PresidentDeodoro da Fonseca
Preceded byCândido de Oliveira
Succeeded byBaron of Lucena
Legislative offices
1912–1913Senator
1909–1912Senator
1891–1896Senator
1888–1889Provincial Deputy
1885–1886General Deputy
1882–1883Provincial Deputy
Personal details
BornManoel Ferraz de Campos Sales
(1841-02-15)15 February 1841
Died28 June 1913(1913-06-28) (aged 72)
PartyLiberal (1863–1873)
PRP (1873–1913)
Spouse
​
​
(m. 1865)​
Children10
Alma materFaculty of Law of Largo de São Francisco
Signature👁 Image

Manoel Ferraz de Campos Sales (Brazilian Portuguese pronunciation: [manuˈɛwfeˈʁazdʒiˈkɐ̃pusˈsalis]; 15 February 1841 – 28 June 1913) was a Brazilian lawyer, coffee farmer, and politician who served as the fourth president of Brazil.

Early life and Political Career

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He was born in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, descended from a rich family of coffee planters.[1] He graduated as a lawyer from the Faculdade de Direito do Largo de São Francisco, São Paulo, in 1863. He served as a provincial deputy of the state assembly of São Paulo three times, (1868-1869, 1882-1883, 1888-1889). He was a signatory of the Republican Manifesto of 1870, and one of the founders of the Paulista Republican Party (PRP). In 1888, he became president of the PRP Central Committee. After the Proclamation of the Republic, he was chosen by Deodoro da Fonseca to be Minister of justice (1889–1891), and senator and governor of São Paulo (1896–1897). In 1898, he was elected president of Brazil.[1]

Presidency (1898-1902)

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Main article: Presidency of Campos Sales

Austere financial reforms were adopted during his tenure under Minister of Finance Joaquim Murtinho.[2] Unpopular economic reforms such as introduction of paper money and the increase of taxes were introduced during his presidency. He obtained a funding loan from Britain, which suspended the interest charge from previous loans. He also created the political system known as the Governors Policy [pt], in which politics would be controlled by dominated by smaller political groups in each states, and created the Verification of Powers, a commission which had authority to supervise elections and ensure a favourable environment for the election of pro-government candidates.[1] He created the Instituto de Manguinhos (now the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), which was mainly focused on the creation of vaccines against the bubonic plague.[3] During his trip to Argentina from October 1900 to November 1900, his vice president, Francisco de Assis Rosa e Silva, assumed the duty of president.[1]

Later life and death

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In 1909, he was elected Senator for Sao Paulo and held the position until 1913. He was also Minister Plenipotentiary to Argentina (1912).

He died in São Paulo on 28 June 1913 from a cerebral embolism.[4]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Biography of Sales, Manuel Ferraz de Campos — Archontology". www.archontology.org. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  2. ^ Melo, Demian de; Fanaia, João Edson (2024). "MURTINHO, Joaquim" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Bela Vista - São Paulo: FGV CPDOC. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  3. ^ "Biography of Campos Sales" (PDF). www.biblioteca.presidencia.gov.br. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 July 2024. Retrieved 31 July 2025.
  4. ^ "Former President Dead". The Washington Post. São Paulo. 28 June 1913. p. 1. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020 – via Newspapers.com.

External links

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👁 Image
Tomb of Campos Sales in the Consolação Cemetery, São Paulo. Sculptures by Rodolfo Bernardelli
Political offices
Preceded by President of Brazil
1898–1902 		Succeeded by
Government offices
Preceded by President of São Paulo
1896–1897 		Succeeded by
Old Republic
(1889–1930)
Second Republic
(1930–37)
Estado Novo
(1937–46)
Populist Republic
(1946–64)
Military dictatorship
(1964–85)
New Republic
(1985–present)
End of term: ¤ Resigned; † Died in office; × Coup d'état or self-coup; ‡ New elections held; + Impeached
Governors of São Paulo (1889–present)
  1. Prudente de Morais
  2. Jorge Tibiriçá
  3. Américo Brasiliense
  4. Cerqueira César
  5. Bernardino de Campos
  6. Peixoto Gomide
  7. Fernando Prestes
  8. Rodrigues Alves
  9. Domingos de Morais
  10. Bernardino de Campos
  11. Jorge Tibiriçá
  12. Albuquerque Lins
  13. Rodrigues Alves
  14. Altino Arantes
  15. Washington Luís
  16. Carlos de Campos
  17. Júlio Prestes
  18. Heitor Penteado
  19. Lins de Barros (federal intervenor)
  20. Laudo Camargo
  21. Manuel Rabelo
  22. Pedro de Toledo
  23. Castilho de Lima
  24. Armando Sales
  25. Melo Neto
  26. Adhemar de Barros
  27. Sousa Costa
  28. Macedo Soares
  29. Adhemar de Barros
  30. Lucas Garcez
  31. Jânio Quadros
  32. Carvalho Pinto
  33. Laudo Natel
  34. Abreu Sodré
  35. Laudo Natel
  36. Paulo Egídio Martins
  37. Paulo Maluf
  38. José Maria Marin
  39. Franco Montoro
  40. Orestes Quércia
  41. Luiz Antônio Fleury Filho
  42. Mário Covas
  43. Geraldo Alckmin
  44. Cláudio Lembo
  45. José Serra
  46. Alberto Goldman
  47. Geraldo Alckmin
  48. Márcio França
  49. João Doria
  50. Rodrigo Garcia
  51. Tarcísio de Freitas
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