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Lebanese pro-Assad regime political coalition
March 8 Alliance
تحالف 8 آذار
Founded8 March 2005; 21 years ago (8 March 2005)
IdeologyPro-Syria (until 2024)
Factions:
Arab socialism
Syrian nationalism
Arab nationalism
Shia Islamism
Neo-Ba'athism
Christian democracy
Social democracy
Pro-Iran
Sunni Anti-Salafism
Political positionBig tent
Colors Orange, white
Parliament of Lebanon
51 / 128
Cabinet of Lebanon
5 / 24

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The March 8 Alliance (Arabic: تحالف 8 آذار, romanizedtaḥāluf 8 āḏār) is a loose coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that are united by their pro-Ba'athist Syria[1] stance and their opposition to the former March 14 Alliance. It was the ruling coalition in Lebanon with the government headed by Prime Minister Najib Mikati from June 2011 until March 2013.[2] Main parties of the March 8 Alliance are part of the third Cabinet of Najib Mikati since 2021.[3]

History

[edit]

The name dates back to 8 March 2005 when different parties called for a mass demonstration in downtown Beirut in response to the Cedar Revolution.[4] The demonstration thanked Syria for helping stop the Lebanese Civil War and the aid in stabilising Lebanon and supporting the Lebanese resistance to the Israeli occupation.[5] The Free Patriotic Movement led by Michel Aoun eventually joined the rival March 8 Alliance, becoming one of its principal coalition partners.

Inclusion of Free Patriotic Movement

[edit]

The Free Patriotic Movement (FPM) was the basis of the March 14 Alliance movement. FPM launched the Liberation War against the Syrian Army on 14 March 1989 and participated in all demonstrations against the Syrian occupation until the Cedar Revolution's mass demonstration on 14 March 2005.[6] The FPM split from the March 14 Alliance on 6 February 2006, when its leader Michel Aoun signed a memorandum of understanding with Hezbollah.[7] The FPM considered its project against the Syrian government completed when the Syrian Army left Lebanon at the end of April 2005.[8]

Ruling Alliance (2011–2013)

[edit]

The Progressive Socialist Party left the March 14 alliance in January 2011 after being one of its cornerstones and ostensibly aligned itself with the alliance's Change and Reform bloc after Walid Jumblatt visited Damascus. This move gave the alliance and its partners a majority in the parliament, enabling them to name Najib Mikati as prime minister to form the Lebanese government of June 2011.[9]

The government led by March 8 Alliance survived 22 months until Mikati's resignation on 23 March 2013.[10]

2016 presidential elections

[edit]

After a presidential vacuum that lasted from 23 April 2014 until 31 October 2016, the Parliament was able to elect MP and former General Michel Aoun, who in turn nominated March 14 member Saad Hariri as Prime Minister.

2018 legislative elections

[edit]

The alliance emerged victorious as they gathered 76 seats out of 128 (60%), in the first legislative elections since 2009.

Name Party/Bloc District Religion
Alain Aoun Free Patriotic Movement Baabda Maronite
Hikmat Dib Free Patriotic Movement Baabda Maronite
Roger Azar Free Patriotic Movement Keserwan Maronite
Simon Abi Ramia Free Patriotic Movement Byblos Maronite
Ibrahim Kanaan Free Patriotic Movement Metn Maronite
Edgard Maalouf Free Patriotic Movement Metn Greek Catholic
Elias Bou Saab Free Patriotic Movement Metn Greek Orthodox
Hagop Pakradounian Tashnaq Metn Armenian Orthodox
Talal Arslan Lebanese Democratic Party Aley Druze
Cesar Abi Khalil Free Patriotic Movement Aley Maronite
Ziad Assouad Free Patriotic Movement Jezzine Maronite
Salim Khoury Free Patriotic Movement Jezzine Greek Catholic
Assaad Dargham Free Patriotic Movement Akkar Greek Orthodox
Mustapha Ali Hussein Independent Akkar Alawite
Georges Atallah Free Patriotic Movement Koura Greek Orthodox
Gebran Bassil Free Patriotic Movement Batroun Maronite
Mario Aoun Free Patriotic Movement Chouf Maronite
Farid Boustany Free Patriotic Movement Chouf Maronite
Nicolas Sehnaoui Free Patriotic Movement Beirut I Greek Catholic
Antoine Pano Free Patriotic Movement Beirut I Christian Minorities
Alexander Matossian Tashnaq Beirut I Armenian Orthodox
Hagop Terzian Tashnaq Beirut I Armenian Orthodox
Edgard Traboulsi Free Patriotic Movement Beirut II Protestant
Salim Aoun Free Patriotic Movement Zahle Maronite
Michel Daher Independent Zahle Greek Catholic
Elie Ferzli Independent West Bekaa Greek Orthodox
Ali Ammar Hezbollah Baabda Shia
Amin Sharri Hezbollah Beirut II Shia
Nawwaf Musawi Hezbollah Tyre/Zahrani Shia
Hussein Jashi Hezbollah Tyre/Zahrani Shia
Hassan Fadlallah Hezbollah Bint Jbeil Shia
Mohammad Raad Hezbollah Nabatieh Shia
Ali Fayyad Hezbollah Hasbaya/Marjeyoun Shia
Anwar Jomma Hezbollah Zahle Shia
Hussein el Hage Hassan Hezbollah Baalbeck/Hermil Shia
Ibrahim Mousawi Hezbollah Baalbeck/Hermil Shia
Ali Mekdad Hezbollah Baalbeck/Hermil Shia
Elwalid Succariyeh Hezbollah Baalbeck/Hermil Sunni
Ihab Hamadeh Hezbollah Baalbeck/Hermil Shia
Mohamed Khawaja Amal Movement Beirut II Shia
Fadi Alameh Amal Movement Baabda Shia
Nabih Berri Amal Movement Zahrani Shia
Ali Osseiran Amal Movement Zahrani Shia
Michel Moussa Amal Movement Zahrani Greek Catholic
Ali Khreis Amal Movement Tyr Shia
Inaya Ezzeddine Amal Movement Tyr Shia
Yassine Jaber Amal Movement Nabatieh Shia
Kassem Hachem Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party Marjeyoun Hasbaya Sunni
Hani Kobeissi Amal Movement Nabatieh Shia
Ali Bazzi Amal Movement Bint Jbeil Shia
Ayoub Hmayed Amal Movement Bint Jbeil Shia
Ali Hassan Khalil Amal Movement Marjeyoun Hasbaya Shia
Anwar Khalil Amal Movement Marjeyoun Hasbaya Druze
Mohamed Nasrallah Amal Movement West Bekaa Rashaya Shia
Ghazi Zaiter Amal Movement Baalbeck Hermel Shia
Salim Saadeh Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon Koura Greek Orthodox
Assaad Hardan Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon Marjeyoun Hasbaya Greek Orthodox
Albert Mansour Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon Baalbeck Hermel Greek Catholic
Tony Frangieh Marada Movement Zgharta Maronite
Estephan Douaihy Marada Movement Zgharta Maronite
Fayez Ghosn Marada Movement Koura Greek Orthodox
Ossama Saad Popular Nasserist Organization Saida Sunni
Adnan Traboulsi Al-Ahbash Beirut II Sunni
Abdul Rahim Mrad Union Party West Bekaa Rashaya Sunni
Faisal Karami Arab Liberation Party Tripoli Sunni

2019 cabinet

[edit]

The Alliance had 18 out of 30 ministers (60%) in the Lebanese Cabinet; it was equally represented in both parliament and cabinet.

Name Party Portfolio (Ministry) Religion
Elias Bou Saab Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Defense Greek Orthodox
Gebran Bassil Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Exterior and Expatriates Maronite
Saleh Gharib Lebanese Democratic Party State Minister for Refugees Affairs Druze
Ghassan Atallah Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Displaced Greek Catholic
Nada Boustani Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Energy and Water Maronite
Avedis Guidanian Tashnag Minister of Tourism Armenian Orthodox
Hassan Mrad Union Party State Minister for Foreign Trade Sunni
Albert Serhan Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Justice Greek Orthodox
Salim Jreissati Free Patriotic Movement State Minister for Presidential Affairs Greek Catholic
Mansour Bteich Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Economy and Trade Maronite
Fadi Jreissati Free Patriotic Movement Minister of Environment Greek Catholic
Youssef Finianos Marada Movement Minister of Public Works and Transport Maronite
Ali Hassan Khalil Amal Movement Minister of Finance Shia
Muhammad Daoud Amal Movement Minister of Culture Shia
Hassan Lakkis Amal Movement Minister of Agriculture Shia
Jamil Jabak Independent Minister of Public Health Shia
Muhammad Fneish Hezbollah Minister of Youth and Sports Shia
Mahmoud Kmati Hezbollah State Minister for Parliamentary Affairs Shia

September 2021 Cabinet

[edit]

The Alliance has 16 out of 24 ministers (66%) in the current Lebanese Cabinet; it is equally represented in both parliament and cabinet.

Portfolio name party Religious
Deputy Prime Minister Saadeh Al Shami Syrian Social Nationalist Party Greek Orthodox
Telecommunications Johnny Corm Marada Movement Maronite
Information George Kurdahi (resigned) Marada Movement Maronite
Ziad Makary Marada Movement Maronite
Defense Maurice Slim Free Patriotic Movement Greek Orthodox
Tourism Walid Nassar Free Patriotic Movement Maronite
Social Affairs Hector Hajjar Free Patriotic Movement Greek Catholic
Energy and Water Walid Fayad Free Patriotic Movement Greek Orthodox
Justice Henry Khoury Free Patriotic Movement Maronite
Foreign Affairs Abdallah Bou Habib Free Patriotic Movement Maronite
Displaced Issam Charafeddine Lebanese Democratic Party Druze
Labor Moustafa Bayram Amal Movement Shia
Finance Youssef Khalil Amal Movement Shia
Agriculture Abbas Al Haj Hassan Amal Movement Shia
Public Works Ali Hamiyeh Hezbollah Shia
Culture Mohammad Mortada Hezbollah Shia
Industry George Bojikan Tashnag Armenian Orthodox

2022 legislative elections

[edit]

The alliance gathered 61 seats out of 128 (47%) and lost their parliamentary majority but still won the Parliament speaker election.[11]

The 2022 Strong Lebanon bloc was formed by FPM (17), Tashnaq (3) and Akkar MP Mohamad Yehya.[12]

Constituent parties

[edit]

It currently holds roughly 51 of 128 seats in the parliament after the 2022 elections and consists of:[13][14]

Party Arabic name Ideology Parliament of Lebanon Government
Hezbollah حزب الله Shia Islamism
Anti-Zionism
15 / 128
government
Free Patriotic Movement التيار الوطني الحر Civic nationalism
Lebanese nationalism
14 / 128
opposition
Amal Movement حركة أمل Conservatism
Populism
14 / 128
government
Armenian Revolutionary Federation الإتحاد الثوري الأرمني - الطاشناق Armenian nationalism
Democratic socialism
2 / 128
government
Islamic Charitable Projects Association جمعية المشاريع الخيرية الإسلامية Religious pluralism
Islamic neo-traditionalism
Anti-Salafism
2 / 128
support
Marada Movement تيار المردة Lebanese nationalism
Christian democracy
1 / 128
government
Union Party حزب الإتحاد Nasserism
1 / 128
support
National Banner Party حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في لبنان Arab nationalism
1 / 128
support
Dignity Movement حزب التحرر العربي Arab nationalism
Anti-Zionism
1 / 128
support
Syrian Social Nationalist Party الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي Syrian nationalism
Social nationalism
0 / 128
government
Lebanese Democratic Party الحزب الديمقراطي اللبناني Conservatism
Druze politics
0 / 128
government
Arab Democratic Party االحزب العربي الديمقراطي Arab nationalism
Neo-Ba'athism
0 / 128
not in government
Arab Unification Party حزب التوحيد العربي Arab Nationalism
0 / 128
not in government
Solidarity Party حزب التضامن Liberalism
0 / 128
not in government
Lebanese Arab Struggle Movement حركة النضال العربي اللبناني Arab Nationalism
0 / 128
not in government

Former or inactive members

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Daoud, David (12 January 2017). "Hezbollah's Latest Conquest: Lebanon's Cabinet". Newsweek.
  2. ^ March 8 finished, Aoun out in the cold Archived November 16, 2017, at the Wayback Machine The Daily Star 10 July 2013
  3. ^ Cornet, Wassim (17 May 2022). "Lebanon's Hezbollah, allies lose parliament majority in elections". France 24. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
  4. ^ "Hezbollah rallies Lebanese to support Syria". CNN. 9 March 2005. Retrieved 28 April 2010.
  5. ^ Fattah, Hassan M. (8 March 2005). "Hezbollah Leads Huge Pro-Syrian Protest in Central Beirut". The New York Times.
  6. ^ "Lebanon.com Newswire - Local News August 7 2001". www.lebanon.com. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  7. ^ "Lebanese Christians shocked over Shia politics but this could be just the beginning | Ali al-Amin". AW. Retrieved 21 October 2021.
  8. ^ Rudy Jaafar and Maria J. Stephan, "Lebanon's Independence Intifada: How an Unarmed Insurrection Expelled Syrian Forces", in Maria J. Stephan (ed.), Civilian Jihad: Nonviolent Struggle, Democratization, and Governance in the Middle East, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2009, pp. 169-85.
  9. ^ William Harris (19 July 2012). Lebanon: A History, 600-2011. Oxford University Press. p. 274. ISBN 978-0-19-518111-1. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
  10. ^ El Basha, Thomas (22 March 2013). "Lebanese PM announces resignation of his government". The Daily Star. Archived from the original on 12 November 2020. Retrieved 22 March 2013.
  11. ^ "Lebanon election: Hezbollah and allies loose parliamentary majority". BBC News. 17 May 2022. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
  12. ^ "تكتل لبنان القوي ٢١ نائبا".
  13. ^ Bou Khzam, Ruba. "Lebanon elections results 2022". L'Orient - Today. 961. Retrieved 17 May 2022.
  14. ^ Keuchkerian, Karine (17 May 2022). "Here Are The Full & Final Results Of Lebanon's Elections 2022". 961. 961News. Retrieved 17 May 2022.