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Llama-3.1-Tulu-3-8B-RM

Tülu3 is a leading instruction following model family, offering fully open-source data, code, and recipes designed to serve as a comprehensive guide for modern post-training techniques. Tülu3 is designed for state-of-the-art performance on a diversity of tasks in addition to chat, such as MATH, GSM8K, and IFEval.

Model description

  • Model type: A model trained on a mix of publicly available, synthetic and human-created datasets.
  • Language(s) (NLP): Primarily English
  • License: Llama 3.1 Community License Agreement
  • Finetuned from model: allenai/Llama-3.1-Tulu-3-8B-SFT

Model Sources

Model Family

Stage Llama 3.1 405B
Base Model meta-llama/llama-3.1-405B
SFT allenai/llama-3.1-Tulu-3-405B-SFT
DPO allenai/llama-3.1-Tulu-3-405B-DPO
Final Model (RLVR) allenai/llama-3.1-Tulu-3-405B
Reward Model (RM) (Same as 8B)

Using the model

Loading with HuggingFace

To load the model with HuggingFace, use the following snippet:

from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification

tulu_model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained("allenai/Llama-3.1-Tulu-3-8B-RM")

Chat template

The chat template for our models is formatted as:

<|user|>\nHow are you doing?\n<|assistant|>\nI'm just a computer program, so I don't have feelings, but I'm functioning as expected. How can I assist you today?<|endoftext|>

Or with new lines expanded:

<|user|>
How are you doing?
<|assistant|>
I'm just a computer program, so I don't have feelings, but I'm functioning as expected. How can I assist you today?<|endoftext|>

It is embedded within the tokenizer as well, for tokenizer.apply_chat_template.

Bias, Risks, and Limitations

The Tülu3 models have limited safety training, but are not deployed automatically with in-the-loop filtering of responses like ChatGPT, so the model can produce problematic outputs (especially when prompted to do so). It is also unknown what the size and composition of the corpus was used to train the base Llama 3.1 models, however it is likely to have included a mix of Web data and technical sources like books and code. See the Falcon 180B model card for an example of this.

Performance

Benchmark (eval) Tülu 3 SFT 8B Tülu 3 DPO 8B Tülu 3 8B Llama 3.1 8B Instruct Qwen 2.5 7B Instruct Magpie 8B Gemma 2 9B Instruct Ministral 8B Instruct
Avg. 60.4 64.4 64.8 62.2 57.8 44.7 55.2 58.3
MMLU (0 shot, CoT) 65.9 68.7 68.2 71.2 76.6 62.0 74.6 68.5
PopQA (15 shot) 29.3 29.3 29.1 20.2 18.1 22.5 28.3 20.2
TruthfulQA (6 shot) 46.8 56.1 55.0 55.1 63.1 57.0 61.4 55.5
BigBenchHard (3 shot, CoT) 67.9 65.8 66.0 62.8 21.7 0.9 2.5 56.2
DROP (3 shot) 61.3 62.5 62.6 61.5 54.4 49.4 58.8 56.2
MATH (4 shot CoT, Flex) 31.5 42.0 43.7 42.5 14.8 5.1 29.8 40.0
GSM8K (8 shot, CoT) 76.2 84.3 87.6 83.4 83.8 61.2 79.7 80.0
HumanEval (pass@10) 86.2 83.9 83.9 86.3 93.1 75.4 71.7 91.0
HumanEval+ (pass@10) 81.4 78.6 79.2 82.9 89.7 69.1 67.0 88.5
IFEval (prompt loose) 72.8 81.1 82.4 80.6 74.7 38.8 69.9 56.4
AlpacaEval 2 (LC % win) 12.4 33.5 34.5 24.2 29.0 49.0 43.7 31.4
Safety (6 task avg.) 93.1 87.2 85.5 75.2 75.0 46.4 75.5 56.2
Benchmark (eval) Tülu 3 70B SFT Tülu 3 DPO 70B Tülu 3 70B Llama 3.1 70B Instruct Qwen 2.5 72B Instruct Hermes 3 Llama 3.1 70B Nemotron Llama 3.1 70B
Avg. 72.6 75.9 76.0 73.4 71.5 68.3 65.5
MMLU (0 shot, CoT) 78.9 83.3 83.1 85.3 85.5 80.4 83.8
PopQA (15 shot) 48.6 46.3 46.5 46.4 30.6 48.1 36.4
TruthfulQA (6 shot) 55.7 67.9 67.6 66.8 69.9 66.5 62.6
BigBenchHard (3 shot, CoT) 82.7 81.8 82.0 73.8 67.2 82.1 0.7
DROP (3 shot) 77.2 74.1 74.3 77.0 34.2 73.2 68.8
MATH (4 shot CoT, Flex) 53.7 62.3 63.0 56.4 74.3 41.9 55.0
GSM8K (8 shot, CoT) 91.1 93.5 93.5 93.7 89.5 90.0 84.7
HumanEval (pass@10) 92.9 92.4 92.4 93.6 94.0 89.6 94.1
HumanEval+ (pass@10) 87.3 88.4 88.0 89.5 90.8 85.9 85.5
IFEval (prompt loose) 82.1 82.6 83.2 88.0 87.6 76.0 79.9
AlpacaEval 2 (LC % win) 26.3 49.6 49.8 33.4 47.7 28.4 66.1
Safety (6 task avg.) 94.4 89.0 88.3 76.5 87.0 57.9 69.0
Benchmark (eval) Tülu 3 405B SFT Tülu 3 405B DPO Tülu 3 405B Llama 3.1 405B Instruct Nous Hermes 3 405B Deepseek V3 GPT 4o (11-24)
Avg w/o Safety 76.3 79.0 80.0 78.1 74.4 79.0 80.5
Avg w/ Safety 77.5 79.6 80.7 79.0 73.5 75.9 81.6
MMLU (5 shot, CoT) 84.4 86.6 87.0 88.0 84.9 82.1 87.9
PopQA (3 shot) 55.7 55.4 55.5 52.9 54.2 44.9 53.6
BigBenchHard (0 shot, CoT) 88.0 88.8 88.6 87.1 87.7 89.5 83.3
MATH (4 shot, Flex) 63.4 59.9 67.3 66.6 58.4 72.5 68.8
GSM8K (8 shot, CoT) 93.6 94.2 95.5 95.4 92.7 94.1 91.7
HumanEval (pass@10) 95.7 97.2 95.9 95.9 92.3 94.6 97.0
HumanEval+ (pass@10) 93.3 93.9 92.9 90.3 86.9 91.6 92.7
IFEval (prompt loose) 82.4 85.0 86.0 88.4 81.9 88.0 84.8
AlpacaEval 2 (LC % win) 30.4 49.8 51.4 38.5 30.2 53.5 65.0
Safety (6 task avg.) 87.7 85.5 86.7 86.8 65.8 72.2 90.9

Hyperparamters

Reward Modeling:

  • Learning Rate: 3E-6
  • Effective Batch Size: 256
  • Max. Sequence Length: 2048
  • Learning Rate Schedule: Linear
  • Num. Epochs: 1
  • Grad. Norm Threshold: 1.0

License and use

All Llama 3.1 Tülu3 models are released under Meta's Llama 3.1 Community License Agreement. Llama 3.1 is licensed under the Llama 3.1 Community License, Copyright © Meta Platforms, Inc. Tülu3 is intended for research and educational use. For more information, please see our Responsible Use Guidelines.

The models have been fine-tuned using a dataset mix with outputs generated from third party models and are subject to additional terms: Gemma Terms of Use and Qwen License Agreement (models were improved using Qwen 2.5).

Citation

If Tülu3 or any of the related materials were helpful to your work, please cite:

@article{lambert2024tulu3,
 title = {Tülu 3: Pushing Frontiers in Open Language Model Post-Training},
 author = {
 Nathan Lambert and 
 Jacob Morrison and 
 Valentina Pyatkin and 
 Shengyi Huang and 
 Hamish Ivison and 
 Faeze Brahman and 
 Lester James V. Miranda and 
 Alisa Liu and 
 Nouha Dziri and 
 Shane Lyu and 
 Yuling Gu and 
 Saumya Malik and 
 Victoria Graf and 
 Jena D. Hwang and 
 Jiangjiang Yang and
 Ronan Le Bras and
 Oyvind Tafjord and
 Chris Wilhelm and
 Luca Soldaini and 
 Noah A. Smith and 
 Yizhong Wang and 
 Pradeep Dasigi and 
 Hannaneh Hajishirzi
 },
 year = {2024},
 email = {tulu@allenai.org}
}
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