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⇱ Sagar Bhandari - Independent Researcher

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Mr. Sagar Bhandari is an agriculture research scholar, currently pursuing his Bachelor’s degree in Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal. He has keen research interest towards plant protection, sustainable agriculture, food security and other related agricultural disciplines. He is the Secretary of Agriculture Students Liaison Forum (ASLF), a technical agricultural organisation.
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Papers by Sagar Bhandari

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 2021
Food security is one of the major global challenges of the twenty-first century. World population... more Food security is one of the major global challenges of the twenty-first century. World population is expected to increase by one-third, between 2009 and 2050, and in Asia, crop yield is estimated to decline by 5 to 30% from 2050 onwards compared to 1990. It is high time to seek alternatives that can increase production utilizing existing resources ensuring food security. A home garden can be a viable and sustainable alternative in this regard; nevertheless, it is often neglected. Thus, this study aims to understand the role of the home garden in maintaining household food security and enhancing rural women’s status in Nepal. Two villages of Bishnupur rural municipality, namely, Bajitpur and Musharniya were selected as study sites. 78.6% of households in Bajitpur and 68.4% households in Musharniya were found to have a home garden where crops and livestock were organized in an integrated way. The home garden was found to maintain household food security, ensure food availability for m...
Agriculture in relation to socioeconomic status of Tharu in Chitwan of Nepal
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2021
Received: 21 December 2020 Revised received: 04 March 2021 Accepted: 19 March 2021 The excessive ... more Received: 21 December 2020 Revised received: 04 March 2021 Accepted: 19 March 2021 The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have caused several negative impacts on the environment and human health. They degrade soil fertility, build up resistance on pathogens, inhibit microbial activities and also enhance greenhouse gas emission. It is impossible and inappropriate to control plant pathogens by using chemical pesticides alone. Emphasize should be given towards organic fertilizers and pesticides to attain sustainability in agriculture. The use of Trichoderma is slowly increasing in the recent years among progressive farmers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Slow rate of multiplication and colonization, susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, incomplete elimination of pathogens and high cost are the major problems behind its poor adoption among the farmers. To overcome these challenges different strains of Trichoderma should be identified whi...
Reviews in Food and Agriculture, 2021
About 70-80% losses in agricultural production due to microbial disease is caused by fungal patho... more About 70-80% losses in agricultural production due to microbial disease is caused by fungal pathogens. There are around 8,000 fungal species that cause 100,000 diseases in plants. It is impossible to control such a large species of fungi with chemical fungicides alone. Even if it is made possible, it would bring negative impacts to the environment and human health. Thus, it is a high time to seek an alternative to chemical fungicides which should be eco-friendly. Botanical fungicides can be the viable and sustainable alternative in this regard. A number of researches have proved the fungicidal properties of phytochemicals. They are easily degradable; maintain soil properties and safe to the environment and human. In the present context, researchers are showing interest towards botanical fungicides. Nevertheless, their commercialization and wide-scale adoption have not yet achieved. Thus, this study aims to reveal the current status and fungicidal properties of various potential plan...
Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 2020
Fall armyworm has been recently introduced to Nepal. In a very less time, the invasive pest has r... more Fall armyworm has been recently introduced to Nepal. In a very less time, the invasive pest has rapidly spread throughout the country causing 21% of yield loss in the total production of maize. It has the potential to attack all the crop stages of maize. If the effect of fall armyworm is neglected, it can result in the loss of 53% in the total production threatening food security and living of millions of farming households. Keeping the fact in mind, two blocks from the Tikapur Municipality of Kailali district, Nepal were surveyed to understand the infestation status of FAW in maize, farmer’s perception, implemented management practices at the local level for its control, and its efficacy. Lack of knowledge regarding the identification and control measures has led to more than 50% of the household being infected by FAW. The average yield loss has reached 129.058 kg/ha in block 10 and 93.052 kg/ha in block 24. The average percentage of infestation has drooped to only 4.15% when all t...
Reviews In Food And Agriculture, 2020
Global rice production has revealed signs that it may no longer be stable in the future. Along wi... more Global rice production has revealed signs that it may no longer be stable in the future. Along with the increasing population, the resources for rice production are declining. Moreover, water needs labor force for transplanting rice has become insufficient because laborers are shifting from agriculture to industry, public works, and overseas job. In view of this, the Direct-seeded rice has been put forward as an appropriate substitute to traditional puddled-transplanted rice with efficiency to save water, reduced labor requirement, mitigation of green-house gas emission, and adaptability to climatic risks. It has potentiality to increase the productivity of the subsequent non-rice crop i.e. wheat particularly in Rice-Wheat cropping system, the dominant cropping system in South Asia. However, the DSR suffers from several constraints, particularly high weed infestation. The system has been proved farmers-friendly but requires more enhancements in technological approach to realize high...
Horti-tourism; an approach for strengthening farmers’ economy in the post-covid situation
Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2022
Horti-tourism is one of the newest forms of agro-tourism in Nepal which precisely relates horticu... more Horti-tourism is one of the newest forms of agro-tourism in Nepal which precisely relates horticultural development with tourism. Different works of literature were thoroughly studied and SWOC analysis was done to reveal the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of horti-tourism in Nepal. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, horticulture and tourism sectors were severely affected. Commercial horticultural farmers have to bear a great loss due to the imposition of lockdown in the country. Furthermore, there was a reduction of 80% international tourists in 2020, shrinking the country's economic growth rate to 0.2%. In this regard, there is a need for a promising approach that can revive these two sectors rapidly after the Covid-19 pandemic. Horti-tourism can be the sustainable approach to strengthen farmers' economy after the Covid-19 pandemic at an exponential rate. It avoids the problem of complete crop failure, solves market problems, and promotes rural development. Poverty, political instability, lack of infrastructures, and undulated land topography are some major challenges, and high initial investment, the requirement of huge human power, and land area are some of the weaknesses of this concept. For this, different models of horti-tourism should be developed and recommended according to the different geographical regions with the provision of subsidies for its wide adoption.
Zibeline International , 2020
Global rice production has revealed signs that it may no longer be stable in the future. Along wi... more Global rice production has revealed signs that it may no longer be stable in the future. Along with the increasing population, the resources for rice production are declining. Moreover, water needs labor force for transplanting rice has become insufficient because laborers are shifting from agriculture to industry, public works, and overseas job. In view of this, the Direct-seeded rice has been put forward as an appropriate substitute to traditional puddled-transplanted rice with efficiency to save water, reduced labor requirement, mitigation of greenhouse gas emission, and adaptability to climatic risks. It has potentiality to increase the productivity of the subsequent non-rice crop i.e. wheat particularly in Rice-Wheat cropping system, the dominant cropping system in South Asia. However, the DSR suffers from several constraints, particularly high weed infestation. The system has been proved farmers-friendly but requires more enhancements in technological approach to realize higher benefits. In recent years, strategies have been made in promoting the DSR technology by different organizations. Scientists are working in developing suitable varieties and agronomic packages for encouraging the DSR. This review describes the resource and environmental constraints of traditional puddled-transplanted rice cultivation, analyzes the advantages and constraints of DSR, and solutions to problems of DSR in Nepal.
The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have caused several negative impacts on ... more The excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides have caused several negative impacts on the environment and human health. They degrade soil fertility, build up resistance on pathogens, inhibit microbial activities and also enhance greenhouse gas emission. It is impossible and inappropriate to control plant pathogens by using chemical pesticides alone. Emphasize should be given towards organic fertilizers and pesticides to attain sustainability in agriculture. The use of Trichoderma is slowly increasing in the recent years among progressive farmers as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Slow rate of multiplication and colonization, susceptible to biotic and abiotic stresses, incomplete elimination of pathogens and high cost are the major problems behind its poor adoption among the farmers. To overcome these challenges different strains of Trichoderma should be identified which can multiply and colonize rapidly, least affected by environmental conditions and having wide host range on pathogens. In addition, farmers should be made aware about the importance of Trichoderma in agriculture through various extension facilities for its wide scale adoption. Trichoderma can be the viable and sustainable alternative which acts as biofertilizer, bioremediator and biocontrol agent. Nevertheless, the use of Trichoderma is limited on research activities and its application at farmers' level is not yet satisfactory. Thus, this study based on critical analysis of the research works from worldwide researchers aims to reveal the present scenario of the use of Trichoderma, its importance, modes of action, methods of application and multiplication, challenges for wide scale adoption and its appropriate solutions.
Zibeline International , 2020
Fall armyworm has been recently introduced to Nepal. In a very less time, the invasive pest has r... more Fall armyworm has been recently introduced to Nepal. In a very less time, the invasive pest has rapidly spread throughout the country causing 21% of yield loss in the total production of maize. It has the potential to attack all the crop stages of maize. If the effect of fall armyworm is neglected, it can result in the loss of 53% in the total production threatening food security and living of millions of farming households. Keeping the fact in mind, two blocks from the Tikapur Municipality of Kailali district, Nepal were surveyed to understand the infestation status of FAW in maize, farmer's perception, implemented management practices at the local level for its control, and its efficacy. Lack of knowledge regarding the identification and control measures has led to more than 50% of the household being infected by FAW. The average yield loss has reached 129.058 kg/ha in block 10 and 93.052 kg/ha in block 24. The average percentage of infestation has drooped to only 4.15% when all the measure of management was applied in an integrated way. Our study concluded that there is a pivotal need for extension knowledge to farmers on the identification of the pest, its life cycle, effective management practices, and tie for its implementation.
Reviews in Food and Agriculture (RFNA) , 2021
About 70-80% losses in agricultural production due to microbial disease is caused by fungal patho... more About 70-80% losses in agricultural production due to microbial disease is caused by fungal pathogens. There
are around 8,000 fungal species that cause 100,000 diseases in plants. It is impossible to control such a large
species of fungi with chemical fungicides alone. Even if it is made possible, it would bring negative impacts to
the environment and human health. Thus, it is a high time to seek an alternative to chemical fungicides which
should be eco-friendly. Botanical fungicides can be the viable and sustainable alternative in this regard. A
number of researches have proved the fungicidal properties of phytochemicals. They are easily degradable;
maintain soil properties and safe to the environment and human. In the present context, researchers are
showing interest towards botanical fungicides. Nevertheless, their commercialization and wide-scale
adoption have not yet achieved. Thus, this study aims to reveal the current status and fungicidal properties
of various potential plants and, also to investigate challenges for its adoption in commercial scale through
critical analysis of the related literatures. Lack of sufficient knowledge and extension facilities at the farmer's
level and slow result as compared to chemical fungicides are the major reasons behind their poor adoption.
Thus, it is a high time for the collaboration among researchers, policy makers, businessman and farmers for
the exploration, legalization, proper marketing and wide-scale adoption of botanical fungicides. If the
approaches like sustainable agriculture, organic farming and integrated pest management (IPM) need to be
extended, focuses should be given towards botanical fungicides.

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