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A006355
Number of binary vectors of length n containing no singletons.
86
1, 0, 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 16, 26, 42, 68, 110, 178, 288, 466, 754, 1220, 1974, 3194, 5168, 8362, 13530, 21892, 35422, 57314, 92736, 150050, 242786, 392836, 635622, 1028458, 1664080, 2692538, 4356618, 7049156, 11405774, 18454930, 29860704, 48315634
OFFSET
0,3
COMMENTS
Number of cvtemplates at n-2 letters given <= 2 consecutive consonants or vowels (n >= 4).
Number of (n,2) Freiman-Wyner sequences.
Diagonal sums of the Riordan array ((1-x+x^2)/(1-x), x/(1-x)), A072405 (where this begins 1,0,1,1,1,1,...). - Paul Barry, May 04 2005
Central terms of the triangle in A094570. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 22 2011
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 8, 3, 20, 8, 16, 6, 24, 20, 10, 24, 28, 16, 40, 12, 36, 24, 18, 60, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
Also the number of matchings in the (n-2)-pan graph for n >= 5. - Eric W. Weisstein, Oct 03 2017
a(n) is the number of bimultus bitstrings of length n. A bitstring is bimultus if each of its 1's possess at least one neighboring 1 and each of its 0's possess at least one neighboring 0. - Steven Finch, May 26 2020
For n>=2, a(n) is the number of binary strings of length n-1 that contain no runs (of ones or of zeros) of even length. - Félix Balado, Oct 11 2025
REFERENCES
A. T. Benjamin and J. J. Quinn, Proofs that really count: the art of combinatorial proof, M.A.A. 2003, id. 16, 51.
LINKS
Charles R Greathouse IV, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..4786 (next term has 1001 digits)
Kassie Archer and Aaron Geary, Powers of permutations that avoid chains of patterns, arXiv:2312.14351 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 15.
Félix Balado and Guénolé C. M. Silvestre, Systematic Enumeration of Fundamental Quantities Involving Runs in Binary Strings, arXiv:2602.10005 [math.CO], 2026. See p. 76.
J. Berman and P. Koehler, Cardinalities of finite distributive lattices, Mitteilungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar Giessen, 121 (1976), 103-124. [Annotated scanned copy]
Ian F. Blake, The enumeration of certain run length sequences, Information and Control, 55 (1982), 222-237.
Alexander Burstein, Sergey Kitaev, and Toufik Mansour, Partially ordered patterns and their combinatorial interpretations, PU. M. A. Vol. 19 (2008), No. 2-3, pp. 27-38.
Steven Finch, Variance of longest run duration in a random bitstring, arXiv:2005.12185 [math.CO], 2020.
Enoch Haga, Room for Expansion, Word Ways, 33 (No. 2, 2000), pp. 106-113 (see p. 110).
Sergey Kitaev and Jeffrey Remmel, (a,b)-rectangle patterns in permutations and words, arXiv:1304.4286 [math.CO], 2013.
Thor Martinsen, Non-Fisherian generalized Fibonacci numbers, Notes Num. Theor. Disc. Math. (2025) Vol. 31, No. 2, 370-389. See p. 389.
Noriaki Sannomiya, Hosho Katsura, and Yu Nakayama, Supersymmetry breaking and Nambu-Goldstone fermions with cubic dispersion, arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.02285 [cond-mat.str-el], 2016-2017. See Table II, line 2.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Independent Edge Set, Matching and Pan Graph.
FORMULA
a(n+2) = F(n-1) + F(n+2), for n > 0.
G.f.: (1-x+x^2)/(1-x-x^2). - Paul Barry, May 04 2005
a(n) = A119457(n-1,n-2) for n > 2. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 20 2006
a(n) = 2*F(n-1) for n > 0, F(n)=A000045(n) and a(0)=1. - Mircea Merca, Jun 28 2012
G.f.: 1 - x + x*Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 + x^2 + (2*k+3)*x - x*(2*k+1 + x)/Q(k+1); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 05 2013
a(n) = A118658(n) - 0^n. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 05 2014
a(n) = 2^(-n)*((1+r)*(1-r)^n - (1-r)*(1+r)^n)/r for n > 0, where r=sqrt(5). - Colin Barker, Jan 28 2017
a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-2) for n >= 3. - Armend Shabani, Nov 25 2020
E.g.f.: 2*exp(x/2)*(5*cosh(sqrt(5)*x/2) - sqrt(5)*sinh(sqrt(5)*x/2))/5 - 1. - Stefano Spezia, Apr 18 2022
a(n) = F(n-3) + F(n-2) + F(n-1) for n >= 3, where F(n)=A000045(n). - Gergely Földvári, Aug 03 2024
EXAMPLE
a(6)=10 because we have: 000000, 000011, 000111, 001100, 001111, 110000, 110011, 111000, 111100, 111111. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jan 26 2014
MAPLE
a:= n-> if n=0 then 1 else (Matrix([[2, -2]]). Matrix([[1, 1], [1, 0]])^n) [1, 1] fi: seq(a(n), n=0..38); # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 18 2008
a := n -> ifelse(n=0, 1, -2*I^n*ChebyshevU(n-2, -I/2)):
seq(simplify(a(n)), n = 0..38); # Peter Luschny, Dec 03 2023
MATHEMATICA
Join[{1}, Last[#] - First[#] & /@ Partition[Fibonacci[Range[-1, 40]], 4, 1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 30 2011 *)
Join[{1}, LinearRecurrence[{1, 1}, {0, 2}, 38]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 23 2017 *)
(* Programs from Eric W. Weisstein, Oct 03 2017 *)
Join[{1}, Table[2 Fibonacci[n], {n, 0, 40}]]
Join[{1}, 2 Fibonacci[Range[0, 40]]]
CoefficientList[Series[(1-x+x^2)/(1-x-x^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* End *)
PROG
(PARI) a(n)=if(n, 2*fibonacci(n-1), 1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 14 2012
(Haskell)
a006355 n = a006355_list !! n
a006355_list = 1 : fib2s where
fib2s = 0 : map (+ 1) (scanl (+) 1 fib2s)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 20 2013
(Magma) [1] cat [Lucas(n) - Fibonacci(n): n in [1..50]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 02 2014
(PARI) my(x='x+O('x^50)); Vec((1-x+x^2)/(1-x-x^2)) \\ Altug Alkan, Nov 01 2015
(SageMath)
def A006355(n): return 2*fibonacci(n-1) - int(n==0)
print([A006355(n) for n in range(51)]) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 18 2025
CROSSREFS
Except for initial term, = 2*Fibonacci numbers (A000045).
Essentially the same as A047992, A054886, A055389, A068922, and A090991.
Column 2 in A265584.
Sequence in context: A228807 A262258 A293633 * A055389 A163733 A198834
KEYWORD
nonn,easy,nice
AUTHOR
David M. Bloom
EXTENSIONS
Corrected by T. D. Noe, Oct 31 2006
STATUS
approved