a[1]=1; a[n_]:=a[n]=FromDigits[Flatten[Replace[ Replace[ Replace[ Split[ Reverse[IntegerDigits[a[n-1]]]], {x_, y_}->{x, Length[{x, y}]}, {1}], {x_, y_, z_}->{x, Length[{x, y, z}]}, {1}], {x_}->{x, Length[{x}]}, {1}]]]; Array[a, 15] (*
Ivan N. Ianakiev, Jun 22 2017 *)
NestList[FromDigits@ Flatten@ Reverse@ Map[{First@ #, Length@ #} &, Split@ IntegerDigits@ #] &, 1, 11] (*
Michael De Vlieger, Jun 26 2017 *)