Start with 1,2. Separate them by 3,4, like this: 1,4,2,3. Then separate those by 5,6,7,8 like this: 1,8,4,7,2,6,3,5. Continue the process. Regard 1,2 and 1,4,2,3 and 1,8,4,7,2,6,3,5 as successive segments, so that the n-th segment has 2^n terms.
The next segment after 1,8,4,7,2,6,3,5, formed by separating those by 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, is 1,16,8,15,4,14,7,13,2,12,6,11,3,10,5,9.