a(n)^2 = Sum_{k=0..2*n} Sum_{j=0..4*n-2*k} (-1)^(j+k) * C(4*n-k,j+k)^2 * C(j+k,k)^2.
a(n) ~ (3*sqrt(3)-5) * (7+4*sqrt(3))^(n+1) / (4*sqrt(Pi*n)). -
Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 16 2014
a(n)^2 = C(4*n,2*n)*hyper4F3([-2*n,-2*n,-2*n,-2*n+1/2],[1,-4*n,-4*n],4). -
Peter Luschny, Aug 17 2014
a(n)^2 = Sum_{k=0..2*n} binomial(4*n-2*k, 2*n-k)*binomial(4*n-k, k)^2. -
Peter Luschny, Aug 17 2014
a(n)^2 = Sum_{k=0..2*n} (-1)^k * C(2*k, k)^2 * C(2*n+k, 2*n-k). -
Paul D. Hanna, Aug 17 2014
a(n) = (-1)^n*P(2*n,sqrt(-3)), where P(n,x) denotes the n-th Legendre polynomial. See
A008316.
a(n) = (1/C(2*n,n))*Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(n+k)*C(n,k)*C(n+k,k)* C(2*n+2*k,n+k) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(n+k)*C(2*k,k)*C(n,k) *C(2*n+2*k,2*n)/C(n+k,n). In general, P(2*n,sqrt(1+4*x)) = (1/C(2*n,n))*Sum_{k = 0..n} C(n,k)*C(n+k,k)*C(2*n+2*k,n+k) *x^k.
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..2*n} C(2*n,k)^2 * u^(n-k), where u = (1 - sqrt(-3))/2 is a primitive sixth root of unity.
a(n) = (-1)^n*Sum_{k = 0..2*n} C(2*n,k)*C(2*n+k,k)*u^(2*k).
(End)
a(n) = (-1)^n*hypergeom([-n, n + 1/2], [1], 4). -
Peter Luschny, Mar 16 2018
a(0) = 1, a(1) = 5 and n * (2*n-1) * (4*n-5) * a(n) = (4*n-3) * (28*n^2-42*n+9) * a(n-1) - (n-1) * (2*n-3) * (4*n-1) * a(n-2) for n > 1. -
Seiichi Manyama, Aug 28 2020
Conjecture: a(n) = [x^n] ( (1 + x + x^2)*(1 + x)^2/(1 - x)^2 )^n. Equivalently, a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} Sum_{i = 0..k} Sum_{j = 0..n-k-i} C(n, k)*C(k, i)*C(2*n, j)*C(3*n-k-i-j-1, n-k-i-j).
If the conjecture is true then the Gauss congruences a(n*p^k) == a(n*p^(k-1)) (mod p^k) hold for all primes p and positive integers n and k. Calculation suggests that the supercongruences a(n*p^k) == a(n*p^(k-1)) (mod p^(2*k)) hold for primes p >= 5 and positive integers n and k. (End)