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Butane
๐Ÿ‘ Skeletal formula of butane with all implicit hydrogens shown
๐Ÿ‘ Skeletal formula of butane with all carbon and hydrogen atoms shown
๐Ÿ‘ Ball-and-stick model of the butane molecule
๐Ÿ‘ Space-filling model of the butane molecule
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
Butane[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Tetracarbane (never recommended[1])
Other names
Butyl hydride[2]
n-butane
Quartane[3]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Beilstein Reference 969129
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.136
EC Number
  • 203-448-7
E number E943a (glazing agents, ...)
Gmelin Reference 1148
KEGG
MeSH butane
RTECS number
  • EJ4200000
UNII
UN number 1011
  • CCCC
Properties
C4H10
Molar mass 58.12gยทmolโˆ’1
Appearance Colorless gas
Odor Gasoline-like or natural gas-like[2]
Density 2.48 kg/m3 (at 15ยฐC (59ยฐF))
Melting point โˆ’140 to โˆ’134ยฐC; โˆ’220 to โˆ’209ยฐF; 133 to 139K
Boiling point โˆ’1 to 1ยฐC; 30 to 34ยฐF; 272 to 274K
61 mg Lโˆ’1 (at 20ยฐC (68ยฐF))
log P 2.745
Vapor pressure ~170 kPa at 283 K [4]
kH 11 nmol Paโˆ’1 kgโˆ’1
Conjugate acid Butanium
-57.4ยท10โˆ’6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of
formation ฮ”fHo298		 โˆ’126.3โ€“โˆ’124.9 kJ molโˆ’1
Std enthalpy of
combustion ฮ”cHo298		 โˆ’2.8781โ€“โˆ’2.8769 MJ molโˆ’1
Specific heat capacity, C 98.49 J Kโˆ’1 molโˆ’1
Hazards[5]
GHS labelling:
Template:GHS flame
Danger
H220
P210
NFPA 704 (firediamond)
Flash point โˆ’60ยฐC (โˆ’76ยฐF; 213K)
405ยฐC (761ยฐF; 678K)
Explosive limits 1.8โ€“8.4%
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 none[2]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3)[2]
IDLH (Immediate danger)
 N.D.[2]
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Related compounds
 Perfluorobutane
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25ยฐC [77ยฐF], 100kPa).
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Infoboxreferences
๐Ÿ‘ Image
Aerosol spray cans often contain Butane

Butane is an organic compound with the chemical formula C
4H
10. It is an alkane with four carbon atoms. It is used as a fuel (sometimes with propane) and in aerosol cans.

Butane is usually sold as a mixture of its two isomers, n-butane and isobutane. In IUPAC's official chemical nomenclature, "butane" means n-butane.

Uses of Butane

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Butane is sold in canisters, for cooking and camping. It is also used as fuel in cigarette lighters, and as propellant in aerosol sprays or deodorants. Some kinds of Butane are used in refrigerators.

Mixtures with Propane are known as LPG.

Butane can be hazardous. Inhalation can lead to death by asphyxiation due to displacement of oxygen in the lungs. Contact with the skin can lead to frostbite. If the gas is mixed with air and ignited, it is prone to explode like many other fuels that are volatile.

References

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  1. 1 2 "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book). Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. 2014. p.4. doi:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001. ISBN978-0-85404-182-4. Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane, 'tetrasulfane'.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0068". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  3. โ†‘ Hofmann, August Wilhelm Von (1 January 1867). "I. On the action of trichloride of phosphorus on the salts of the aromatic monamines". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 15: 54โ€“62. doi:10.1098/rspl.1866.0018. S2CID98496840. Archived from the original on 28 April 2018. Retrieved 20 September 2018 โ€“ via rspl.royalsocietypublishing.org.
  4. โ†‘ W. B. Kay (1940). "Pressure-Volume-Temperature Relations for n-Butane". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry. 32 (3): 358โ€“360. doi:10.1021/ie50363a016.
  5. โ†‘ "Safety Data Sheet, Material Name: N-Butane" (PDF). USA: Matheson Tri-Gas Incorporated. 5 February 2011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 11 December 2011.

Other websites

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