How to connect and process Google Spanner data from Azure Databricks

Databricks is a cloud-based service that provides data processing capabilities through Apache Spark. When paired with the CData JDBC Driver, customers can use Databricks to perform data engineering and data science on live Google Spanner data. This article explains how to host the CData JDBC Driver in Azure, as well as connect to and process live Google Spanner data in Databricks.

With built-in optimized data processing, the CData JDBC driver offers unmatched performance for interacting with live Google Spanner data. When you issue complex SQL queries to Google Spanner, the driver pushes supported SQL operations, like filters and aggregations, directly to Google Spanner and utilizes the embedded SQL engine to process unsupported operations client-side (often SQL functions and JOIN operations). Its built-in dynamic metadata querying allows you to work with and analyze Google Spanner data using native data types.

Install the CData JDBC Driver in Azure

To work with live Google Spanner data in Databricks, install the driver through Azure Data Lake Storage (ADLS). (Please note that the method of connecting through DBFS, which previous versions of this article described, has been deprecated, but has not published an end-of-life.)

1. Upload the JDBC JAR file to a blob container of your choice (i.e. "jdbcjars" container of the "databrickslibraries" storage account).
2. Fetch the Account Key from the storage account by expanding "Security + networking" and clicking on "Access Keys". Show and copy whichever of the two keys you wish to use. 👁 Get Access Key
   
3. Get the JDBC JAR file's URL by navigating to Containers, opening the specific container storing the JAR, and selecting the entry for the JDBC JAR file. This should open the file's details, where there should be a convenient button to copy the URL button to clipboard. This value will look similar to the below, though the "blob" component may vary depending on storage account type:

   https://databrickslibraries.blob.core.windows.net/jdbcjars/cdata.jdbc.salesforce.jar

   👁 Get JAR URL
   
4. In the Configuration tab of your Databricks cluster, click on the Edit button and expand "Advanced options". From there, add the following Spark option (derived from the JAR URL's domain name) with your copied Account key as its value and click Confirm: spark.hadoop.fs.azure.account.key.databrickslibraries.blob.core.windows.net 👁 Apply Account Key
   
5. In the Libraries tab of your Databricks cluster, click on "Install new", and select the ADLS option. Specify the ABFSS URL for the driver JAR (also derived from the JAR URL's domain name), and click Install. The ABFSS URL should resemble the below:

   abfss://[email protected]/cdata.jdbc.salesforce.jar

   👁 Install ADLS Library
   

Connect to Google Spanner from Databricks

With the JAR file installed, we are ready to work with live Google Spanner data in Databricks. Start by creating a new notebook in your workspace. Name the workbook, make sure Python is selected as the language (which should be by default), click on Connect and under General Compute select the cluster where you installed the JDBC driver (should be selected by default).

👁 Attaching to an existing compute resource

Configure the Connection to Google Spanner

Connect to Google Spanner by referencing the class for the JDBC Driver and constructing a connection string to use in the JDBC URL. Additionally, you will need to set the property in the JDBC URL (unless you are using a Beta driver). You can view the licensing file included in the installation for information on how to set this property.

driver = "cdata.jdbc.googlespanner.GoogleSpannerDriver"
url = "jdbc:googlespanner:RTK=5246...;ProjectId='project1';InstanceId='instance1';Database='db1';InitiateOAuth=GETANDREFRESH;"

Built-in Connection String Designer

For assistance in constructing the JDBC URL, use the connection string designer built into the Google Spanner JDBC Driver. Either double-click the JAR file or execute the JAR file from the command-line.

java -jar cdata.jdbc.googlespanner.jar

Fill in the connection properties and copy the connection string to the clipboard.

Google Spanner uses the OAuth authentication standard. To authenticate using OAuth, you can use the embedded credentials or register an app with Google.

See the Getting Started guide in the CData driver documentation for more information.

👁 Using the built-in connection string designer to generate a JDBC URL (Salesforce is shown.)

Load Google Spanner Data

Once the connection is configured, you can load Google Spanner data as a dataframe using the CData JDBC Driver and the connection information.

remote_table = spark.read.format ( "jdbc" ) \
	.option ( "driver" , driver) \
	.option ( "url" , url) \
	.option ( "dbtable" , "Customer") \
	.load ()

Display Google Spanner Data

Check the loaded Google Spanner data by calling the display function.

display (remote_table.select ("Name"))

👁 Displaying Google Spanner Data

Analyze Google Spanner Data in Azure Databricks

If you want to process data with Databricks SparkSQL, register the loaded data as a Temp View.

remote_table.createOrReplaceTempView ( "SAMPLE_VIEW" )

The SparkSQL below retrieves the Google Spanner data for analysis.

result = spark.sql("SELECT Name, TotalDue FROM SAMPLE_VIEW")

The data from Google Spanner is only available in the target notebook. If you want to use it with other users, save it as a table.

remote_table.write.format ( "parquet" ) .saveAsTable ( "SAMPLE_TABLE" )

👁 Displaying Google Spanner Data

Download a free, 30-day trial of the CData JDBC Driver for Google Spanner and start working with your live Google Spanner data in Azure Databricks. Reach out to our Support Team if you have any questions.