How to Access MongoDB Data Using Entity Framework

Microsoft Entity Framework serves as an object-relational mapping framework for working with data represented as objects. Although Visual Studio offers the ADO.NET Entity Data Model wizard to automatically generate the Entity Model, this model-first approach may present challenges when your data source undergoes changes or when you require greater control over entity operations. In this article, we will delve into the code-first approach for accessing MongoDB data through the CData ADO.NET Provider, providing you with more flexibility and control.

Getting Started

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1. Open Visual Studio and create a new Windows Form Application. This article uses a C# project with .NET 4.5.
2. Run the command 'Install-Package EntityFramework' in the Package Manger Console in Visual Studio to install the latest release of Entity Framework.

3. Modify the App.config file in the project to add a reference to the MongoDB Entity Framework 6 assembly and the connection string.

   Set the Server, Database, User, and Password connection properties to connect to MongoDB. To access MongoDB collections as tables you can use automatic schema discovery or write your own schema definitions. Schemas are defined in .rsd files, which have a simple format. You can also execute free-form queries that are not tied to the schema.

   <configuration>
    ... 
    <connectionStrings>
    <add name="MongoDBContext" connectionString="Offline=False;Server=MyServer;Port=27017;Database=test;User=test;Password=Password;" providerName="System.Data.CData.MongoDB" />
    </connectionStrings>
    <entityFramework>
    <providers>
    ... 
    <provider invariantName="System.Data.CData.MongoDB" type="System.Data.CData.MongoDB.MongoDBProviderServices, System.Data.CData.MongoDB.Entities.EF6" />
    </providers>
    <entityFramework>
   </configuration>
   </code> 
   

4. Add a reference to System.Data.CData.MongoDB.Entities.EF6.dll, located in the lib -> 4.0 subfolder in the installation directory.
5. Build the project at this point to ensure everything is working correctly. Once that's done, you can start coding using Entity Framework.
6. Add a new .cs file to the project and add a class to it. This will be your database context, and it will extend the DbContext class. In the example, this class is named MongoDBContext. The following code example overrides the OnModelCreating method to make the following changes:
   • Remove PluralizingTableNameConvention from the ModelBuilder Conventions.
   • Remove requests to the MigrationHistory table.

   using System.Data.Entity;
   using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure;
   using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions;
   
   class MongoDBContext : DbContext {
    public MongoDBContext() { }
   
    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
    // To remove the requests to the Migration History table
    Database.SetInitializer<MongoDBContext>(null); 
    // To remove the plural names 
    modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
    } 
   }
   

7. Create another .cs file and name it after the MongoDB entity you are retrieving, for example, restaurants. In this file, define both the Entity and the Entity Configuration, which will resemble the example below:

   using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration;
   using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema;
   
   [System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema.Table("restaurants")]
   public class restaurants {
    [System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Key] 
    public System.String borough { get; set; }
    public System.String cuisine { get; set; }
   }
    
   

8. Now that you have created an entity, add the entity to your context class:

   public DbSet<restaurants> restaurants { set; get; }
   

9. With the context and entity finished, you are now ready to query the data in a separate class. For example:

   MongoDBContext context = new MongoDBContext();
   context.Configuration.UseDatabaseNullSemantics = true;
   var query = from line in context.restaurants select line;