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VOOZH | about |
CBSE Class 12- Biotechnology And Its Application - Transgenic Animals: When a foreign gene inserts into the genome of the animals to alter its DNA or the animals with a modified genome are Known as Transgenic Animals. It is a method that helps to improve the genetic traits of targeted animals. Transgenic animals are also called genetically modified organisms.
Transgenesis is defined as a foreign gene of some required features which is inserted into the genome of the animal to alter its DNA. It is a method done to improve the genetic traits of the target animal. These animals consist of modified genomes.
The animal genome is known as the transgenic and the foreign gene is known as a transgene. These genes are passed to successive generations. The Selective breeding method is used for the improvement of genetic traits. Animals with required features were mated to produce new individuals with improved genetic features. However, this technique is not cost-effective and also time-consuming that's why it was replaced by recombinant DNA technology. Examples of Transgenic Animals - Dolly Sheep, Transgenic mice, and so on.
This is the first method in which the interested gene is directly injected into the pronucleus of the fertilized ovum. This method was effective in mammals and was also applicable to a variety of species.
The chemical method of gene transfection consists of transformation. In this method, when calcium phosphate was present the target DNA is taken up. Calcium phosphate co-precipitates or DNA takes DNA uptake.
Viral vectors are viruses that have the ability to infect the host cell. They transfect rDNA into the animal cells.
It is a method in which with the help of bacteria the interested gene is transferred into the target gene.
The gene is usually transferred by means of a vector and used as vectors to transfect the interested gene into the target genome.
Following are the example of transgenic animals:
By injecting DNA into the oocytes or the one-two-celled embryos which were taken from the female mice these transgenic animals are developed. After it is injected into the DNA then the embryo is implanted into the uterus of the female receptor.
It was the first mammal that was cloned from an adult cell. The udder cell of a six-year-old girl Finn Dorset white sheep was injected into an unfertilized egg which was from a Scottish Blackface ewe whose nucleus has been removed. The cell was made to fuse by the electrical pulses and after the fusion of the nucleus cell with the egg the embryo was cultured for 6 to 7 days. It was implanted into another Scottish Blackface ewe which gave birth to transgenic sheep named Dolly.
