Reason of runtime error in C/C++

In this article, we will discuss the reason for the run-time error and its solution. Runtime Error: A runtime error in a program is an error that occurs while the program is running after being successfully compiled. Below are some methods to identify the reason behind Runtime errors: 

Method 1: When the index of the array is assigned with a negative index it leads to invalid memory access during runtime error. Below is the C++ Program to illustrate the invalid memory access during run-time: 

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Method 2: Sometimes Array or vector runs out of bounds of their limits resulting in a runtime error. Below is the C++ program illustrating array runs out of bound:

Output: 👁 Image

Explanation:

• This is an error for index out of bound.
• It can be resolved by using the size of the array/vector as within the limit.

Method 3: Some silly mistakes like dividing by zero encountered while coding in a hurry, sometimes leads to runtime error. Below is the C++ program illustrating runtime error by dividing by zero and un-assigned variables:

Output: 

Output: 👁 Image

Explanation:

The above program shows "Bad memory access (SIGBUS)" because:

• Here, variable N is assigned a garbage value resulting in a runtime error.
• Sometimes, it depends on how the compiler assigned the garbage value.
• This can be resolved by declaring arr[N] after scanning the value for variable n and checking if it is the upper or lower limit of the array/vector index.