Scala has some restrictions on the Type Parameters or Type Variable i.e, (type bound) and
Upper bound is one of them. By implementing Type Bounds, We can explicate the restraints of a Type Variable, these type bound restricts the definite values of the type variables and discloses more details about the member of these types. Upper bound is defined on type parameters.
Syntax
[T <: S]
Where, 'T' is a type parameter and 'S' is a type“[T <: S]” means this Type Parameter T must be either same as S or Sub-Type of S.
Let's understand upper bound with example.
Example
Output:
Geeks@506e1b77
Author@4fca772d
Here,
Upper bound is defined in class ComputerSciencePortal, and GeeksforGeeks is the Super class of Author so its not accepted.
Example
Output:
Teacher@506e1b77
Student@4fca772d
Here, we have defined
Upper bound in Class
School i.e, [T <: Teacher] which implies that
display method accepts
Teacher class object or subclass of it (i.e. Student) which means that super class of Teacher will not be accepted. So, if Super class of Teacher i.e,
Principal is not commented then it will show
type mismatch error.
