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| | Report (issue) | | able.pdf.
Cover. The Mountain Pass Mine, San Bernardino County, California, was the only active producer...............................................O4
China...............................................................................................O21
Mine Waste Characteristics.........................................................................O22
Mine Closure...........................................Figures
O1.
O2.
O3.
O4.
O5.
Graph showing world mine production of rare-earth oxides, by country and | 👁 Image
| Cangelosi, Delia, Smith, Martin, Banks, David, Yardley, Bruce (2020) The role of sulfate-rich fluids in heavy rare earth enrichment at the Dashigou carbonatite deposit, Huanglongpu, China. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (1) 65-80 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.78 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | the Dashigou carbonatite deposit,
Huanglongpu, China
Delia Cangelosi a,*, Martin Smith b, David Banks...north-western part of the Qinling orogenic belt in
central China. Calcite carbonatite dykes at the Dashigou open...mainly monazite-(Ce), and typically have ∑LREE/(HREE+Y)
ratios from 9.9 to 17. In hydrothermally altered...HREE-enriched secondary phases and the rocks have ∑LREE/(HREE+Y)
ratios from 1.1 to 3.8. The fluid responsible for...such as HREE-enriched fluorcarbonates, xenotime-(Y) and churchite-(Y) whose crystal structures
tends to favour | 👁 Image
| Nedosekova, Irina, Vladykin, Nikolay, Udoratina, Oksana, Belyatsky, Boris (2021) Ore and Geochemical Specialization and Substance Sources of the Ural and Timan Carbonatite Complexes (Russia): Insights from Trace Element, Rb–Sr, and Sm–Nd Isotope Data. Minerals, 11 (7) 711 doi:10.3390/min11070711 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | carbonatites: Mountain Pass (USA)
and Bayun-Obo (China) provide more than half of the world production...Miaoya, Daluxiang, Maoniuping (Qinling and Mianning-Dechang orogenic belts, China [11,17–19]). In the...Baidashevskoe (Nb), 10—Ishkulskoe (Nb), 11—Ilmenskoe, 97 mine (Nb and REE), 12—Khaldikhinskoe, 13—Sungulskoe....9—Baidashevskoe (Nb), 10—Ishkulskoe (Nb),
11—Ilmenskoe, 97 mine (Nb and The
REE),largest
12—Khaldikhinskoe,
13—Sungulskoe...REETh-Nb mineralization: monazite, bastnäsite, xenotime, columbite, ilmenorutile, thorite,
and unusual | 👁 Image
| | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and a higher proportion of HREE (Eu–Lu including Y) than most other
carbonatites. Since Nd and HREE are...stringer-like textures and their REE distributions display an Y anomaly.
These features attest to formation in a hydrothermal...Finally, late-stage Ap-4 is associated with
minor xenotime-(Y) mineralisation and HREE-enriched fluorite. Fluid...typically LREE-rich (La–Sm) and
HREE-poor (Eu–Lu + Y; Wall, 2014). With the exception of Nd, they
are,...Deadhorse Creek, Canada; Huanglongpu and
Huayangchuan, China; Lofdal, Namibia; Pivot Creek, New Zealand; and | 👁 Image
| | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | |
Please cite this article as: T. Bai, W. Chen, S-Y. Jiang, Evolution of the carbonatite Mo-HREE deposits...Strategic Mineral Resources, China University of
F
Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
O
2. Faculty of Earth...Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
O
Email Address: baitian_cug@163...(monazite-(Ce), bastnasite-(Ce), parisite-(Ce), parisite-(Y), aeschynite-(Ce) and
allanite-(Ce)), Nb oxides and...the central part of China, which separates the Yangtze
Craton and the North China Craton (Chen et al. | 👁 Image
| | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | critical to advancing technologies (Nd, Eu, Tb, Dy, and
Y).
This study originates from extensive exploration...complexes of
the Kola Peninsula, the Maoniuping REE deposit, China, and lateritically weathered carbonatite...complexes, Namibia; Juquiá, Brazil; Bayan Obo,
China; Karonge, Burundi; and the Barra do Itapirapuã carbonatite...Figure 10a-d. Profiles decrease from La through Dy/Y, except
for those which show a negative Ce anomaly...comparing the percentage of REE which
are HREE (∑HREE+Y/∑REE+Y) to Ca and P concentrations and magntiude of the | 👁 Image
| Cheng, Zhiguo, Zhang, Zhaochong, Aibai, Abulimiti, Kong, Weiliang, Holtz, Francois (2018) The role of magmatic and post-magmatic hydrothermal processes on rare-earth element mineralization: A study of the Bachu carbonatites from the Tarim Large Igneous Province, NW China. Lithos, 314. 71-87 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2018.05.023 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | carbonatites from the Tarim large Igneous Province, NW China
Zhiguo Cheng, Zhaochong Zhang, Abulimiti Aibai...carbonatites from the Tarim
large Igneous Province, NW China. (2018), doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2018.05.023
This...carbonatites from the Tarim Large
Igneous Province, NW China
Zhiguo Cheng1 , Zhaochong Zhang1,* , Abulimiti Aibai1...and Mineral Resources, China University of
Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2
Institutfür Mineralogie...isotopes of the Bachu carbonatites, NW
SC
RI
P
T
China. The Bachu carbonatites are composed predominantly | 👁 Image
| | Report (issue) | | Angola Australia Brazil Burundi Canada Canada Canada China Democratic Republic of Congo Gabon India Kenya Malawi...1989). Two deposits, Cenozoic Dalucao and Maoniuping, Sichuan, China, are localized in the western margin...craton in the Cenozoic collision-related Himalayan Mianning-Dechang REE zone (Hou and others, in press). Meanwhile...Minerals carbocernaite, -(Ce); pyrolusite; xenotime, -(Y), -(Ce) % 6 10 aeschynite, Nb-aeschynite;...burbankite; cerianite, -(Ce); fergusonite, -(Nd), -(Ce), -(Y); fersmite; psilomelane, zirconolite 5 8 britholite | 👁 Image
| Macdonald, Ray, Bagiński, Bogusław, Belkin, Harvey E., Stachowicz, Marcin (2019) Composition, paragenesis, and alteration of the chevkinite group of minerals. American Mineralogist, 104 (3) 348-369 doi:10.2138/am-2019-6772 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | REE production held by the People’s Republic
of China, has led to much REE exploration worldwide. For...where the common cations in each site
are: A, REE, Y, Ca, Sr; B, Fe2+; C, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn, Ti, Al, Zr,
Mg;...termed perrierite. If
it is assumed that A = Ca, Sr, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Th; B = Mg, Mn,
Fe2+; C = Al, Ti, Cr...of an Fe-rich chevkinite-(Ce) from Mianning County, Sichuan, China, was given
2+
2+
by Yang et al. (2002)...Gualda (2007):
(Ca2+ + Sr2+)A + (Ti4+ + Zr)C ↔ [(REE,Y)3+]A + (M2+,3+)C (Fig. 4).
Compositional evolution | 👁 Image
| | Book | | of rare earth atoms Structural differences between Y-group and Ce-group rare earth minerals lsomorphous...mineralization in peralkaline systems: the T-Zone REE-Y-Be deposit, Thor Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada...Thor Lake rare-metal deposits The north T-Zone REE-Y-Be deposit 40 Ar/ 39 Ar geochronology Fluid inclusion...258 259 264 266 270 277 278 Rare earthdepositsin China C. Wu, Z. Yuan and G. Bai Introduction Types of...stage, 300-400Ma PaJaeozoic-Caledonian-Hercynian Y -REE mineralization in amazonitic rand-pegmatities | 👁 Image
| | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | study of the solubility of monazite-(La) and
xenotime-(Y) in H2O-Na-K-Cl-F-CO2 fluids at 800 °C and 0.5...Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry...Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian...September 2016
Keywords:
REE deposit
Monazite
Xenotime
Solubility
Hydrothermal fluids
Synthetic fluid inclusions...Solubilities of synthetic monazite-(La) and xenotime-(Y) end-members
in such fluids were determined at | 👁 Image
| Kozlov, Evgeniy, Fomina, Ekaterina, Sidorov, Mikhail, Shilovskikh, Vladimir, Bocharov, Vladimir, Chernyavsky, Alexey, Huber, Miłosz (2020) The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Minerals, 10 (1) 73 doi:10.3390/min10010073 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | published
Brazilfocus
[10,11],
Canada
[12–17],
China
India
[39–42],
Italy have
[43,44],
Malawi
[45–51]...South
Africa
[65,66],
[10,11],
Canada
[12–17],
China
[18–37],
Finland
[38],
India
[39–42],
Italy
[43...was 0.02%; 0.05% for Al, S, P, Cl, Na, Sr, Ba, Ta, Y, La, Ce, Nd, Pr,
and Sm; and 0.1% for Mg, Zr, Nb,...between the contents of Sr, S, Na, and REE (REE = Y + La + Ce + Nd) in
Figure 7. (a–c) Relationship between...between the contents of Sr, S, Na, and REE (REE = Y + La + Ce + Nd) in
late apatite Ap-2, in atoms per | 👁 Image
| | Report (issue) | | https://geology.com/. Photograph of Mountain Pass
mine by Bradley Van Gosen.
Rare Earth Element Mineral.....................................12
Monazite-Xenotime-Bearing Placer Deposits (Heavy-Mineral Sands)...................................3
Mountain Pass mine, southeastern California, June 2018...............States discussed in this report..............6
World mine production of rare-earth oxides, by country and...earth elements (REE) are bastnäesite,
monazite, xenotime, and apatite................................. | 👁 Image
| | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | examples of carbonatite complexes are Bayan Obo, Maoniuping, and Minerals 2023, 13, 573. https://doi.org/10... Minerals 2023, 13, 573 2 of 17 Dalucao deposits in China [7,8]; Amba Dongar in India [9]; Kangankunde in...high LREE and Y, of approximately 10n ppm—0.1–1n wt. %. In addition, high conhigh LREE and Y, of approximately...(Italy) well-known complexes such as Bayan Obo, Maoniuping, and Dalucao [22,65], and alkaline–carbonatite...alkaline–carbonatite complexes such as Bayan Obo, Maoniuping, (China) [7,8], as well as[7,8], carbonate-rich rocks | 👁 Image
| Prokopyev, Ilya R., Doroshkevich, Anna G., Sergeev, Sergey A., Ernst, Richard E., Ponomarev, Jean D., Redina, Anna A., Chebotarev, Dmitry A., Nikolenko, Anna M., Dultsev, Vladislav F., Moroz, Tatyana N., Minakov, Alexey V. (2019) Petrography, mineralogy and SIMS U-Pb geochronology of 1.9–1.8 Ga carbonatites and associated alkaline rocks of the Central-Aldan magnesiocarbonatite province (South Yakutia, Russia) Mineralogy and Petrology, 113 (3) 329-352 doi:10.1007/s00710-019-00661-3 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | siderite aggregates with haematite, monazite-(Ce), xenotime-(Y), rutile-(Nb), barite-(Sr), anhydrite, ancylite-(Ce)...
celestite, anhydrite, thorite, thorianite, xenotime-(Y), siderite,
pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena and...of formation
was previously proposed for the xenotime-(Y) and thorianite
Fig. 9 a-d BSE images (a, c)...microgranular aggregates with haematite,
monazite-(Ce), xenotime, barite and rutile-(Nb), as well as the
rare sulphide...Williams-Jones 1996; Doroshkevich et al.
2009; Bayan Obo, China, Yang et al. 2000; Xu et al. 2008;
Mountain Pass | 👁 Image
| Ying, Yuan-Can, Chen, Wei, Simonetti, Antonio, Jiang, Shao-Yong, Zhao, Kui-Dong (2020) Significance of hydrothermal reworking for REE mineralization associated with carbonatite: Constraints from in situ trace element and C-Sr isotope study of calcite and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 280. 340-359 doi:10.1016/j.gca.2020.04.028 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China)
Yuan-Can Ying, Wei Chen, Antonio Simonetti, Shao-Yong...Please cite this article as: Ying, Y-C., Chen, W., Simonetti, A., Jiang, S-Y., Zhao, K-D., Significance of...and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China), Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta (2020), doi: https://doi...and apatite from the Miaoya carbonatite complex (China)
4
5
Yuan-Can Ying1, Wei Chen1*, Antonio Simonetti2...of Earth
8
Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
9
10
11
12
2. Department | 👁 Image
| Feng, Meng, Xu, Cheng, Kynicky, Jindrich, Zeng, Liang, Song, Wenlei (2016) Rare earth element enrichment in Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North China block. International Geology Review, 58 (15) 1940-1950 doi:10.1080/00206814.2016.1193774 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the
North China block
Meng Feng, Cheng Xu, Jindrich Kynicky, Liang...Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from the North
China block, International Geology Review, DOI: 10.1080/00206814...Palaeoproterozoic Fengzhen carbonatite from
the North China block
Meng Fenga, Cheng Xua, Jindrich Kynickyb,...and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China; bDepartment of
Geology and Pedology, Mendel University...metasomatism in Fengzhen carbonatites in the North China block is
reported in this study. REE minerals (monazite | 👁 Image
| | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | PRE-PROOF
Limited LA-ICP-MS analysis found detectable Y, Ce, U and Cl only in the type III fluid
inclusions...high-
PR
salinity H2O-CaCl2-NaCl fluid leached HREE+Y from metasedimentary rocks of the Browns
Range Metamorphics...occurred following mixing of the P-bearing and
E-
HREE+Y-bearing fluids, and was associated with a widespread...Fluid inclusions; Oxygen isotopes; Hydrothermal; Xenotime; Unconformity
R
N
The rare earth elements (REE)...with ore metals contained
F
predominantly in xenotime [(Y,HREE)PO4] and minor florencite [LREEAl3(PO4)2(OH)6] | 👁 Image
| Cangelosi, Delia, Broom-Fendley, Sam, Banks, David, Morgan, Daniel, Yardley, Bruce (2020) Light rare earth element redistribution during hydrothermal alteration at the Okorusu carbonatite complex, Namibia. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (1) 49-64 doi:10.1180/mgm.2019.54 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | fluorite for the production of HF; currently
the mine is in care and maintenance. Fluorite mineralisation...collected from the Okorusu Fluorite Mine in October 2015. The mine
comprises several pits (outlined in...with the HREE below detection except for Y,
and a positive Y anomaly of a few ppm to a few hundred ppm...(University of Exeter) for
organising access to Okorusu mine and Pedro and Boni for guiding us in the field at...kindly gave permission for the reproduction of the 3D mine
model in Fig. 2. The manuscript was greatly improved | 👁 Image
| Smith, M.P., Moore, K., Kavecsánszki, D., Finch, A.A., Kynicky, J., Wall, F. (2016) From mantle to critical zone: A review of large and giant sized deposits of the rare earth elements. Geoscience Frontiers, 7 (3) 315-334 doi:10.1016/j.gsf.2015.12.006 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | small number of large deposits (e.g. Bayan Obo, China; Mountain Pass, USA;
Mount Weld, Australia; Lovozero...absorption deposits in
weathered granite of southern China; Kanazawa and Kamitani, 2006). However, a number...currently known REE
TE
D
deposits, only Bayan Obo, China, with the ore grade defined at 4.1% REE2O3, counts...within the
weathered granitoid deposits of S.E. China (Chi and Tian, 2008).
M
AN
U
Carbonatite is an...being particularly concentrated in xenotime-(Y) and churchite-(Y)
(Lottermoser and England, 1988; Lottermoser | 👁 Image
| Sun, Yi, Lai, Yong, Chen, Jing, Shu, Qihai, Yan, Cong (2013) Rare Earth and Rare Metal Elements Mobility and Mineralization During Magmatic and Fluid Evolution in Alkaline Granite System: Evidence from Fluid and Melt Inclusions in Baerzhe Granite, China. Resource Geology, 63 (3) 239-261 doi:10.1111/rge.12007 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Fluid and Melt Inclusions in Baerzhe Granite, China Yi Sun, Yong Lai, Jing Chen, Qihai Shu and Cong Yan...and Space Science, Peking University, Beijing, China Abstract Baerzhe Be–Nb–Zr–REE deposit is hosted...middle of the Great Hinggan Metallogenic Belt in China. The ore-forming granite consists of three lithological...in residual melt, and led to the difference of the Y/Ho ratio between whole rock compositions and melt...publication 24 November 2012. Corresponding author: Y. Lai, Key Laboratory of Orogen and Crust Evolution | 👁 Image
| Elliott, H.A.L.; Wall, F.; Chakhmouradian, A.R.; Siegfried, P.R.; Dahlgren, S.; Weatherley, S.; Finch, A.A.; Marks, M.A.W.; Dowman, E.; Deady, E. (2018) Fenites associated with carbonatite complexes: A review. Ore Geology Reviews, 93. doi:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.12.003 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | lutetium (Lu), plus scandium (Sc) and
76
yttrium (Y). Although the division between light and heavy rare...heavy REE (HREE) consisting of Eu-Lu
79
including Y. These metals have advantageous paramagnetic, mechanical...
The vast majority of REE production occurs in China (>95 %) (British Geologi-
83
cal Survey, 2017;...233
1966). Feldspar-rich fenites at Bayan Obo, China only extend 2–4 m into Middle
234
Proterozoic...importance’, either as a past producer, an active mine or a deposit (i.e. those with
620
a quantified | 👁 Image
| Xu, Cheng, Kynicky, Jindrich, Chakhmouradian, Anton R., Campbell, Ian H., Allen, Charlotte M. (2010) Trace-element modeling of the magmatic evolution of rare-earth-rich carbonatite from the Miaoya deposit, Central China. Lithos, 118 (1) 145-155 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.04.003 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | rare-earth-rich carbonatite
from the Miaoya deposit, Central China
Cheng Xu a,⁎, Jindrich Kynicky b, Anton R. Chakhmouradian...Crustal Evolution, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University...Fractional crystallization
REE deposits
Miaoya
China
a b s t r a c t
Carbonatites are known to contain...conjecture, calcite from the
Miaoya carbonatite (China), analyzed in situ by laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma...et al., 2008). The Miaoya
carbonatite stocks in China consist predominantly of calcite and
contain abundant | 👁 Image
| Xu, Cheng, Kynicky, Jindrich, Chakhmouradian, Anton R., Qi, Liang, Song, Wenlei (2010) A unique Mo deposit associated with carbonatites in the Qinling orogenic belt, central China. Lithos, 118 (1) 50-60 doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2010.03.013 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | carbonatites in the Qinling orogenic belt,
central China
Cheng Xu a,⁎, Jindrich Kynicky b, Anton R. Chakhmouradian...Crustal Evolution, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University...Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
b
c
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history:
Received...is a prominent metallogenic structure in central China hosting several
significant porphyry- and porphyry–skarn-type...carbonatites to date: up to 1010 ppm Mo, 1130 ppm Y + Gd…Lu and (La/Yb)n = 1.2–2.7.
The unusual trace-element | 👁 Image
| Zozulya, Dmitry, Lyalina, Lyudmila, Macdonald, Ray, Bagiński, Bogusław, Savchenko, Yevgeny, Jokubauskas, Petras (2019) Britholite Group Minerals from REE-Rich Lithologies of Keivy Alkali Granite—Nepheline Syenite Complex, Kola Peninsula, NW Russia. Minerals, 9 (12) 732 doi:10.3390/min9120732 | Journal (article/letter/editorial) | | Peninsula, NW Russia, contains
numerous associated Zr-REE-Y-Nb occurrences and deposits, formed by a complex sequence...lithologies are proposed.
Fluorbritholite-(Y) and britholite-(Y) from products of alkali granite (mineralized...com/journal/minerals
Minerals 2019, 9, 732
2 of 23
and Maoniuping [23]; Pilanesberg and Ilimaussaq [24]), britholite...britholite-(Ce), britholite-(Y), fluorbritholite-(Ce), fluorbritholite-(Y), and
fluorcalciobritholite...Zr-REE-Y-Nb
orepart
occurrences
and deposits
Peninsula,
NW
Russia,
showing
the
location
of
Zr‐REE‐Y‐Nb
ore |
|
