 |
VOOZH | about |
|
VOOZH | about |
| Description | A true toad is any member of the family Bufonidae, in the order Anura (frogs and toads). This is the only family of anurans in which all members are known as toads, although some may be called frogs (such as harlequin frogs). The bufonids now comprise more than 35 genera, Bufo being the most well known. From Wikipedia article at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufonidae, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 4.0. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Rank | family | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (GBIF) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Amphibia : Anura : Bufonidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomy (PBDB) | Life : Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura : Bufonidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxonomic Status (GBIF) | accepted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Classification (PBDB,GBIF) |
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| Common Name | toad | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scientific Name | Bufonidae | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Opinions (PBDB) |
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| Status (PBDB) | extant | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taxon Size (PBDB) | 32 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Extant Size (PBDB) | 17 (53%) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First Recorded Appearance | 83.5 - 66.0 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Environment | brackish,freshwater,terrestrial (based on Tetrapoda) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Motility | actively mobile (based on Temnospondyli) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diet | carnivore (based on Temnospondyli) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Taphonomy | phosphatic (based on Vertebrata) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Reference (PBDB) | R. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common Name(s) | Echte Padden, Toad, Bufonids, Toads, Bufonidés, Crapauds, True Toads, Ob. Padda, Paddor | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bufonidae |
| Name | Status | Common Name(s) | Fossil Occurrences | Oldest | Youngest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adenomus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Altiphrynoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Amazophrynella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Amietophrynus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anaxyrus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Andinophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Ansonia genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Atelopus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Barbarophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| 👁 Image Bufo genus | doubtful (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 373 | 83.5 Ma Late/Upper Cretaceous | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Bufo genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bufoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Bufotes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Capensibufo genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Churamiti genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Crepidophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Dendrophryniscus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Didynamipus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Duttaphrynus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| 👁 Image Epidalea genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | Natterjack Toad | 1 | 0.13 Ma Pleistocene | 0 Ma Extant |
| Frostius genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Incilius genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| 👁 Image Indobatrachus ✝ genus | listed (PBDB) | 3 | 56.0 Ma Paleocene | 55.8 Ma Eocene | |
| Ingerophrynus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Laurentophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Leptophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Melanophryniscus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Mertensophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Metaphryniscus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nannophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nectophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nectophrynoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Nimbaphrynoides genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Oreophrynella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Osornophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Parapelophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pedostibes genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pelophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| 👁 Image Peltophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 0 Ma Extant | |||
| Phrynoidis genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Poyntonophrynus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudepidalea genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Pseudobufo genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Rhaebo genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| 👁 Image Rhinella genus | accepted (GBIF) listed (PBDB) | 10 | 6.80 Ma Miocene | 0 Ma Extant | |
| Sabahphrynus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Schismaderma genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Sclerophrys genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Truebella genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Vandijkophrynus genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Werneria genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Wolterstorffina genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Xanthophryne genus | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anura empusa species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anura fowleri species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Anura peltocephala species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Poyntonophryne vertebralis species | accepted (GBIF) | No associated record in PBDB | |||
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1825 | Bufonidae Gray |
| 1875 | Bufonidae Cope p. 9 |
| 1898 | Bufonidae Gadow p. 15 |
| 1946 | Bufonidae Kuhn p. 54 |
| 1988 | Bufonidae Carroll |
| 1990 | Bufonidae Holman et al. p. 523 |
| Year | Name and Author |
|---|---|
| 1996 | Bufonidae Frank and Ramus |
| 1998 | Bufonidae Sanchiz |
| 2004 | Bufonidae Hoegg et al. p. 1192 |
| 2006 | Bufonidae Gissi et al. p. 231 |
| 2008 | Bufonidae Venczel and Stiuca p. 746 |
| 2010 | Bufonidae Böhme p. 16 |
| Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698 |
| Cope E. D. Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum, Bulletin of the United States National Museum 1, 1-109 |
| Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82 |
| Kuhn O. (1946) Das System der fossilen und rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien [The system of fossil and recent amphibians and reptiles], Bericht der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Bamberg 29, 49-67 |
| Holman J. A., Bell G. L., et al (1990) A late Pleistocene herpetofauna from Bell Cave, Alabama, The Herpetological Journal 1 11, 521-529 |
| Frank N., Ramus E. (1996) A Complete Guide to Scientific and Common Names of Reptiles and Amphibians of the World, 1-377 |
| Sanchiz B. (1998) Salientia, Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie 4 |
| Hoegg S., Vences M., et al (2004) Phylogeny and comparative substitution rates of frogs inferred from sequences of three nuclear genes, Molecular Biology and Evolution 21 7, 1188-1200 |
| Gissi C., San Mauro D., et al (2006) Mitochondrial phylogeny of Anura (Amphibia): a case study of congruent phylogenetic reconstruction using amino acid and nucleotide characters, Gene 366 2, 228-237 |
| Venczel M., Stiuca E. (2008) Late middle Miocene amphibians and squamate reptiles from Taut, Romania, Geodiversitas 30 4, 731-763 |
| Böhme M. (2010) Ectothermic vertebrates (Actinopterygii, Allocaudata, Urodela, Anura, Crocodylia, Squamata) from the Miocene of Sandelzhausen (Germany, Bavaria) and their implications for environment reconstruction and palaeoclimate, Paläontologische Zeitschrift 84 1, 3-41 doi:10.1007/s12542-010-0050-4 |
| Benton, M.J. (ed). (1993). The Fossil Record 2. Chapman & Hall, London, 845 pp. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Parker, S.P. (ed). (1982). Synopsis and Classification of Living Organisms. McGraw-Hill, New York. 2 volumes. - via The Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera |
| Flores-Villela, Oscar / McCoy, C. J., ed., 1993: Herpetofauna Mexicana: Lista anotada de las especies de anfibios y reptiles de México, cambios taxonómicos recientes, y nuevas especies. Carnegie Museum of Natural History Special Publication, no. 17. iv + 73. - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
| Gärdenfors, Ulf, Hall, Ragnar, Hallingbäck, Tomas, Hansson, Hans G. & Hedström, Lars (2003) Djur, svampar och växter i Sverige 2003. Förteckning över antal arter per familj. ArtDatabanken Rapporterar 5, ArtDatabanken, Uppsala. (reviderad excelfil med svenska djurfamiljer). - via Dyntaxa. Svensk taxonomisk databas |
| Banks, R. C., R. W. McDiarmid, A. L. Gardner, and W. C. Starnes, 2004: null. Checklist of Vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada, draft (2004). - via Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) |
