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โ‡ฑ Primates


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Primates

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Source Data
SourceIDLink
Global Biodiversity Information Facility ID (GBIF)Not linked to a GBIF record.
PaleoBioDB ID (PBDB)40700https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=40700
Rankorder (PBDB)
Taxonomy (PBDB)Life : Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates
Classification
(PBDB,GBIF)
RankNameAuthor
-Eukaryota
-OpisthokontaCavalier-Smith 1987
kingdomAnimalia
-TriploblasticaLankester 1877
-NephrozoaJondelius et al. 2002
-DeuterostomiaGrobben 1908
phylumChordataHaeckel 1847
subphylumVertebrataLamarck 1801
superclassGnathostomataGegenbauer 1874
-Osteichthyes
-SarcopterygiiRomer 1955
subclassDipnotetrapodomorpha
subclassTetrapodomorpha
-Tetrapoda
-ReptiliomorphaSรคve-Sรถderbergh 1934
-AnthracosauriaSรคve-Sรถderbergh 1934
-Batrachosauria
-Cotylosauria
-AmniotaHaeckel 1866
-SynapsidaOsborn 1903
-Therapsida
infraorderCynodontia
-EpicynodontiaHopson and Kitching 2001
infraorderEucynodontiaKemp 1982
-ProbainognathiaHopson 1990
-MammaliamorphaRowe 1988
-MammaliaformesRowe 1988
classMammaliaLinnaeus 1758
orderPrimatesLinnaeus 1758
Common Nameprimate
Opinions (PBDB)
NameRankOpinionEvidenceAuthor
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceLinnaeus, 1758
Primatesorderbelongs to Bimanesstated without evidenceGray, 1821
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceGray, 1825
Primatesorderbelongs to Unguiculatastated without evidenceBonaparte, 1850
Primatesorderbelongs to Eutheriastated without evidenceFlower, 1883
Primatesorderbelongs to Eutheriastated with evidenceGadow, 1898
Primatesorderbelongs to Monodelphiastated without evidenceHay, 1902
Primatesorderbelongs to Archontastated without evidenceGregory, 1910
Primatesorderbelongs to Eutheriastated without evidenceKielan-Jaworowska et al., 1979
Primatesorderbelongs to EutheriaimpliedCarroll, 1988
Primatesorderbelongs to Archontastated with evidenceGunnell, 1989
Primatesorderbelongs to EutheriaimpliedNowak, 1991
Primatesorderbelongs to Primatomorphastated with evidenceBeard, 1991
Primatesorderbelongs to Primatomorphastated without evidenceWaddell et al., 1999
Primatesorderbelongs to Euarchontastated with evidenceMadsen et al., 2001
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceFrost, 2001
Primatesorderbelongs to Primatomorphastated without evidenceWaddell et al., 2001
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceWilson and Reeder, 2005
Primatesorderbelongs to Euarchontastated with evidenceBloch et al., 2007
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceGilbert, 2007
Primatesorderbelongs to Primatomorphastated with evidenceJanecka et al., 2007
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated without evidenceChaimanee et al., 2008
Primatesorderbelongs to Archontastated without evidenceAsher and Helgen, 2010
Primatesorderbelongs to Euarchontastated with evidenceSilcox et al., 2010
Primatesorderbelongs to Mammaliastated with evidenceKay et al., 2019
Status (PBDB)extant
Taxon Size (PBDB)1,936
Extant Size (PBDB)797 (41%)
First Recorded Appearance66.0 - 63.3 Ma
Paleocene
Environmentterrestrial (based on Mammalia)
Motilityactively mobile (based on Osteichthyes)
Dietomnivore (based on Primates)
Ecospace Commentslife habit and diet based on Nowak 1999
Taphonomyphosphatic (based on Vertebrata)
Primary Reference (PBDB)C. Linnaeus. 1758. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1:1-824

Fossil Distribution

Subtaxa

NameStatusCommon Name(s)Fossil OccurrencesOldestYoungest
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Cheiromyoidea
suborder
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
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Lemures
suborder
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
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Plesiadapiformes
suborder
listed (PBDB)6866.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
46.2 Ma
Eocene
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Plesitarsiiformes โœ
suborder
listed (PBDB)
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Prosimiae
suborder
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
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Prosimii
suborder
listed (PBDB)138.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
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Simiolemuriformes โœ
suborder
listed (PBDB)
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Strepsirrhini
suborder
listed (PBDB)90059.2 Ma
Paleocene
0 Ma
Extant
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Tarsii
suborder
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
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Tupaioidea
suborder
listed (PBDB)0 Ma
Extant
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Haplorhini
infraorder
listed (PBDB)Monkey2,48761.7 Ma
Paleocene
0 Ma
Extant
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Micromomyidae โœ
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
3561.7 Ma
Paleocene
55.8 Ma
Eocene
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Microsyopidae โœ
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
47061.7 Ma
Paleocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
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Paromomyidae โœ
family
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
34063.3 Ma
Paleocene
37.2 Ma
Eocene
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Berruvius โœ
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
559.2 Ma
Paleocene
56.0 Ma
Paleocene
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Ceciliolemur โœ
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
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Chasselasia โœ
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
141.3 Ma
Eocene
41.3 Ma
Eocene
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Megatarsius โœ
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
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Microtarsioides โœ
genus
doubtful (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
147.8 Ma
Eocene
47.8 Ma
Eocene
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Nosmips โœ
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
138.0 Ma
Eocene
38.0 Ma
Eocene
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Purgatorius โœ
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
866.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
61.7 Ma
Paleocene
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Rooneyia โœ
genus
accepted (GBIF)
listed (PBDB)
140.4 Ma
Eocene
40.4 Ma
Eocene
๐Ÿ‘ Image
Euprimateformes
unranked clade
listed (PBDB)47566.0 Ma
Late/Upper Cretaceous
0 Ma
Extant

Synonymy List

YearName and Author
1758Primates Linnaeus p. 20
1758Simia Linnaeus p. 25
1758Simia apedia Linnaeus p. 25
1792Simia (Cercopithecus) sinicus pileatus Kerr
1795Pithecus Geoffroy and Cuvier
1800Simia pileata Shaw
1811Simia Illiger p. 67
1821Primates Gray p. 297
1825Primates Gray p. 337
1825Simia Gray p. 338
1850Primates Bonaparte p. 1
1862Cynamolgus (Zati) pileatus Reichenbach p. 131
1883Primates Flower p. 186
1891Primates Flower and Lydekker p. 92
1895Macacus pileatus Allen p. 185
1898Primates Gadow p. 52
1902Primates Hay p. 785
1910Primates Gregory p. 465
1924Pliopithecus posthumus Schlosser
1933Ceciliolemuridae Weigelt
1933Ceciliolemuroidea Weigelt
YearName and Author
1975Primates McKenna p. 42
1979Primates Kielan-Jaworowska et al. p. 223
1986Primates Hooker p. 245
1988Primates Carroll
1989Primates Gunnell p. 147
1991Primates Beard
1991Primates Nowak
1999Primates Waddell et al. p. cover
2001Primates Frost
2001Primates Madsen et al. p. 612
2001Primates Waddell et al. p. 148
2005Primates Wilson and Reeder
2007Primates Bloch et al. p. 1162
2007Primates Gilbert
2007Primates Janecka et al.
2007Primates Wible et al.
2008Primates Chaimanee et al.
2010Primates Asher and Helgen p. 3 figs. Figure 1
2010Primates Silcox et al.
2019Primates Kay et al.

References

Linnaeus C. , Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Editio Decima 1, 1-824 doi:10.5962/bhl.title.542
Illiger C. , Prodromus Systematis Mammalium et Avium
Gray J. E. On the natural arrangement of vertebrose animals, The London Medical Repository Monthly Journal and Review 15, 296-310
Gray J. E. An outline of an attempt at the disposition of Mammalia into Tribes and Families, with a list of genera apparently appertaining to each Tribe, Annals of Philosophy, new series 10, 337-344
Bonaparte C.-L. , Conspectus Systematis Mastozoologiae. Editio Altera Reformata [Survey of the system of mammals. Second revised edition]. E. J. Brill, Leyden, 1
Flower W. H. On the arrangement of the Orders and Families of existing Mammalia, Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1883, 178-186
Allen J. A. On the names of mammals given by Kerr in his 'Animal kingdom,' published in 1792, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 7 5, 179-192
Gadow H. , A Classification of Vertebrata Recent and Extinct, xvii-82
Hay O. P. (1902) , Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey 179, 1-868
Gregory W. K. (1910) The orders of mammals, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 27, 1-524
McKenna M. C. (1975) Toward a phylogenetic classification of the Mammalia, Phylogeny of the Primates, Plenum Publishing, New York, 21-46
Kielan-Jaworowska Z., Bown T. M., et al (1979) Eutheria, Mesozoic mammals: the first two-thirds of mammalian history, 221-258
Hooker J. J. (1986) Mammals from the Bartonian (middle/late Eocene) of the Hampshire Basin, southern England, Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) 39 4, 191-478
Carroll R. L. (1988) , Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, 1-698
Gunnell G. F. (1989) Evolutionary History of Microsyopoidea (Mammalia, ?Primates) and the Relationship Between Plesiadapiformes and Primates, University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 27, 1-157
Nowak R. M. (1991) Walker's Mammals of the World, Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II
Waddell P. J., Okada N., et al (1999) Towards resolving the interordinal relationships of placental mammals, Systematic Biology 48 1, 1-5
Wilson D. E., Reeder D. M. (2005) , Mammal species of the world : a taxonomic and geographic reference, 1-2142
Bloch J. I., Silcox M. T., et al (2007) New Paleocene skeletons and the relationship of plesiadapiformes to crown-clade primates, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 104 4, 1159-1164
Janecka J. E., Miller W., et al (2007) Molecular and genomic data identify the closest living relative of Primates., Science 318, 792-794
Wible J. R., Rougier G. W., et al (2007) Cretaceous eutherians and Laurasian origin for placental mammals near the K/T boundary, Nature 447, 1003-1006
Chaimanee Y., Yamee C., et al (2008) First middle Miocene sivaladapid primate from Thailand, Journal of Human Evolution 54 3, 434-443
Asher R. J., Helgen K. M. (2010) Nomenclature and placental mammal phylogeny, BMC Evolutionary BIology 10 102, 1-9
Silcox M. T., Bloch J. I., et al (2010) Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160, 773-825
Kay R. F., Gonzales L. A., et al (2019) Parvimico materdei gen. et sp. nov.: A new platyrrhine from the Early Miocene of the Amazon Basin, Peru, Journal of Human Evolution 134, 102628:1-16 doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.05.016
Data courtesy of: PBDB: The Paleobiology Database, Creative Commons CC-BY licenced. , GBIF: the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, various licences, iDigBio, various licences, and EOL: The Encyclopedia of Life (Open Data Public Domain). Because fossils are made of minerals too!
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