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PRKAA2

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
2H6D, 2LTU, 2YZA, 3AQV, 4CFE, 4CFF, 4ZHX, 5EZV

Identifiers

Aliases

PRKAA2, AMPK, AMPK2, AMPKa2, PRKAA, protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2

External IDs

OMIM: 600497; MGI: 1336173; HomoloGene: 4551; GeneCards: PRKAA2; OMA:PRKAA2 - orthologs

EC number

2.7.11.27

Gene location (Human)
👁 Chromosome 1 (human)
Chr.	Chromosome 1 (human)^[1]
👁 Chromosome 1 (human) 👁 Genomic location for PRKAA2 👁 Genomic location for PRKAA2
Band	1p32.2	Start	56,645,314 bp^[1]
Band	1p32.2	End	56,715,335 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)
👁 Chromosome 4 (mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (mouse)^[2]
👁 Chromosome 4 (mouse) 👁 Genomic location for PRKAA2 👁 Genomic location for PRKAA2
Band	4\|4 C6	Start	104,887,071 bp^[2]
Band	4\|4 C6	End	104,967,087 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

Skeletal muscle tissue of rectus abdominis

biceps brachii

Skeletal muscle tissue of biceps brachii

right ventricle

body of tongue

renal medulla

saphenous vein

muscle of thigh

vena cava

Brodmann area 23

Top expressed in

triceps brachii muscle

medial head of gastrocnemius muscle

vastus lateralis muscle

sternocleidomastoid muscle

tibialis anterior muscle

knee joint

digastric muscle

temporal muscle

soleus muscle

extraocular muscle

More reference expression data

BioGPS

👁 Image
More reference expression data

Gene ontology
Molecular function	transferase activity nucleotide binding protein kinase activity [acetyl-CoA carboxylase kinase activity] AMP-activated protein kinase activity histone serine kinase activity chromatin binding metal ion binding kinase activity protein serine/threonine kinase activity protein binding [hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH) kinase activity] protein serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity ATP binding
Cellular component	cytoplasm cytosol nucleoplasm nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex nucleus Golgi apparatus nuclear speck cytoplasmic stress granule axon dendrite soma
Biological process	carnitine shuttle steroid metabolic process intracellular signal transduction cellular response to glucose starvation sterol biosynthetic process lipid biosynthetic process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated glucose homeostasis positive regulation of autophagy phosphorylation rhythmic process lipid metabolism response to stress negative regulation of apoptotic process cholesterol metabolic process Wnt signaling pathway regulation of fatty acid biosynthetic process fatty acid metabolic process transcription, DNA-templated cellular response to prostaglandin E stimulus autophagy protein phosphorylation negative regulation of TOR signaling positive regulation of macroautophagy fatty acid biosynthetic process fatty acid homeostasis regulation of circadian rhythm cellular response to nutrient levels regulation of gene expression cholesterol biosynthetic process response to muscle activity positive regulation of glycolytic process macroautophagy signal transduction steroid biosynthetic process regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator regulation of macroautophagy chromatin organization negative regulation of gene expression cellular response to oxidative stress regulation of stress granule assembly regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization cellular response to calcium ion cellular response to glucose stimulus energy homeostasis positive regulation of protein localization negative regulation of tubulin deacetylation positive regulation of peptidyl-lysine acetylation
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


5563


108079

Ensembl


ENSG00000162409


ENSMUSG00000028518

UniProt


P54646


Q8BRK8

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_006252


NM_178143 NM_001356568

RefSeq (protein)


NP_006243


NP_835279 NP_001343497

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1: 56.65 – 56.72 Mb

Chr 4: 104.89 – 104.97 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAA2 gene.^[5]^[6]

Function

[edit]

The protein encoded by this gene is a catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a heterotrimer consisting of an alpha catalytic subunit, and non-catalytic beta and gamma subunits. AMPK is an important energy-sensing enzyme that monitors cellular energy status. In response to cellular metabolic stresses, AMPK is activated, and thus phosphorylates and inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and beta-hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), key enzymes involved in regulating de novo biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. Studies of the mouse counterpart suggest that this catalytic subunit may control whole-body insulin sensitivity and is necessary for maintaining myocardial energy homeostasis during ischemia.^[6]

References

[edit]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000162409 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000028518 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Aguan K, Scott J, See CG, Sarkar NH (Dec 1994). "Characterization and chromosomal localization of the human homologue of a rat AMP-activated protein kinase-encoding gene: a major regulator of lipid metabolism in mammals". Gene. 149 (2): 345–50. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(94)90174-0. PMID 7959015.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PRKAA2 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit".

Hardie DG, MacKintosh RW (1995). "AMP-activated protein kinase--an archetypal protein kinase cascade?". BioEssays. 14 (10): 699–704. doi:10.1002/bies.950141011. PMID 1365882. S2CID 37111181.
Hardie DG (1992). "Regulation of fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism by the AMP-activated protein kinase". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1123 (3): 231–8. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(92)90001-c. PMID 1536860.
Carling D (2004). "The AMP-activated protein kinase cascade--a unifying system for energy control". Trends Biochem. Sci. 29 (1): 18–24. doi:10.1016/j.tibs.2003.11.005. PMID 14729328.
Beri RK, Marley AE, See CG, Sopwith WF, Aguan K, Carling D, Scott J, Carey F (1995). "Molecular cloning, expression and chromosomal localisation of human AMP-activated protein kinase". FEBS Lett. 356 (1): 117–21. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(94)01247-4. PMID 7988703.
Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB (1997). "Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery". Genome Res. 6 (9): 791–806. doi:10.1101/gr.6.9.791. PMID 8889548.
Vavvas D, Apazidis A, Saha AK, Gamble J, Patel A, Kemp BE, Witters LA, Ruderman NB (1997). "Contraction-induced changes in acetyl-CoA carboxylase and 5'-AMP-activated kinase in skeletal muscle". J. Biol. Chem. 272 (20): 13255–61. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.20.13255. PMID 9148944.
Stapleton D, Woollatt E, Mitchelhill KI, Nicholl JK, Fernandez CS, Michell BJ, Witters LA, Power DA, Sutherland GR, Kemp BE (1997). "AMP-activated protein kinase isoenzyme family: subunit structure and chromosomal location". FEBS Lett. 409 (3): 452–6. Bibcode:1997FEBSL.409..452S. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(97)00569-3. PMID 9224708. S2CID 39329574.
Stein SC, Woods A, Jones NA, Davison MD, Carling D (2000). "The regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase by phosphorylation". Biochem. J. 345 (3): 437–43. doi:10.1042/0264-6021:3450437. PMC 1220775. PMID 10642499.
da Silva Xavier G, Leclerc I, Salt IP, Doiron B, Hardie DG, Kahn A, Rutter GA (2000). "Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation by glucose of islet beta cell gene expression". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 (8): 4023–8. Bibcode:2000PNAS...97.4023D. doi:10.1073/pnas.97.8.4023. PMC 18135. PMID 10760274.
Mu J, Brozinick JT, Valladares O, Bucan M, Birnbaum MJ (2001). "A role for AMP-activated protein kinase in contraction- and hypoxia-regulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle". Mol. Cell. 7 (5): 1085–94. doi:10.1016/S1097-2765(01)00251-9. PMID 11389854.
Minokoshi Y, Kim YB, Peroni OD, Fryer LG, Müller C, Carling D, Kahn BB (2002). "Leptin stimulates fatty-acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase". Nature. 415 (6869): 339–43. Bibcode:2002Natur.415..339M. doi:10.1038/415339a. PMID 11797013. S2CID 4409274.
Dubbelhuis PF, Meijer AJ (2002). "Hepatic amino acid-dependent signaling is under the control of AMP-dependent protein kinase". FEBS Lett. 521 (1–3): 39–42. Bibcode:2002FEBSL.521...39D. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(02)02815-6. PMID 12067722. S2CID 32171292.
Esumi H, Izuishi K, Kato K, Hashimoto K, Kurashima Y, Kishimoto A, Ogura T, Ozawa T (2002). "Hypoxia and nitric oxide treatment confer tolerance to glucose starvation in a 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase-dependent manner". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (36): 32791–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M112270200. PMID 12091379.
Nielsen JN, Mustard KJ, Graham DA, Yu H, MacDonald CS, Pilegaard H, Goodyear LJ, Hardie DG, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JF (2003). "5'-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and subunit expression in exercise-trained human skeletal muscle". J. Appl. Physiol. 94 (2): 631–41. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00642.2002. PMID 12391032.
Wojtaszewski JF, Mourtzakis M, Hillig T, Saltin B, Pilegaard H (2002). "Dissociation of AMPK activity and ACCbeta phosphorylation in human muscle during prolonged exercise". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 298 (3): 309–16. Bibcode:2002BBRC..298..309W. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(02)02465-8. PMID 12413941.
Hallows KR, McCane JE, Kemp BE, Witters LA, Foskett JK (2003). "Regulation of channel gating by AMP-activated protein kinase modulates cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activity in lung submucosal cells". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2): 998–1004. doi:10.1074/jbc.M210621200. PMID 12427743.
Zong H, Ren JM, Young LH, Pypaert M, Mu J, Birnbaum MJ, Shulman GI (2003). "AMP kinase is required for mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in response to chronic energy deprivation". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (25): 15983–7. doi:10.1073/pnas.252625599. PMC 138551. PMID 12444247.

v t e PDB gallery
👁 2h6d: Protein Kinase Domain of the Human 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 (AMPK alpha-2 chain) 2h6d: Protein Kinase Domain of the Human 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 (AMPK alpha-2 chain)

Kinases: Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11-12)

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1-EC 2.7.11.20)

Non-specific serine/threonine protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.1)	LATS1 LATS2 MAST1 MAST2 STK38 STK38L CIT ROCK1 SGK SGK2 SGK3 Protein kinase B AKT1 AKT2 AKT3 Ataxia telangiectasia mutated mTOR EIF-2 kinases PKR HRI EIF2AK3 EIF2AK4 Wee1 WEE1
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (EC 2.7.11.2)	PDK1 PDK2 PDK3 PDK4
Dephospho-(reductase kinase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.3)	AMP-activated protein kinase α PRKAA1 β PRKAB1 PRKAB2 γ PRKAG1 PRKAG2 PRKAG3
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (acetyl-transferring) kinase (EC 2.7.11.4)	BCKDK BCKDHA BCKDHB
(isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) kinase (EC 2.7.11.5)	IDH2 IDH3A IDH3B IDH3G
(tyrosine 3-monooxygenase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.6)	STK4
Myosin-heavy-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.7)	Aurora kinase Aurora A kinase Aurora B kinase Aurora C kinase
Fas-activated serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.8)	FASTK STK10
Goodpasture-antigen-binding protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.9)	-
IκB kinase (EC 2.7.11.10)	CHUK IKK2 TBK1 IKBKE IKBKG IKBKAP
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.11)	Protein kinase A PRKACG PRKACB PRKACA PRKY
cGMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.12)	Protein kinase G PRKG1
Protein kinase C (EC 2.7.11.13)	Protein kinase C Protein kinase Cζ PKC alpha PRKCB1 PRKCD PRKCE PRKCH PRKCG PRKCI PRKCQ Protein kinase N1 PKN2 PKN3
Rhodopsin kinase (EC 2.7.11.14)	Rhodopsin kinase
Beta adrenergic receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.15)	Beta adrenergic receptor kinase Beta adrenergic receptor kinase-2
G-protein coupled receptor kinases (EC 2.7.11.16)	GRK4 GRK5 GRK6
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (EC 2.7.11.17)	BRSK2 CAMK1 CAMK1A CAMK1B CAMK1D CAMK1G CAMK2 CAMK2A CAMK2B CAMK2D CAMK2G CAMK4 MLCK CASK CHEK1 CHEK2 DAPK1 DAPK2 DAPK3 STK11 MAPKAPK2 MAPKAPK3 MAPKAPK5 MARK1 MARK2 MARK3 MARK4 MELK MKNK1 MKNK2 NUAK1 NUAK2 OBSCN PASK PHKG1 PHKG2 PIM1 PIM2 PKD1 PRKD2 PRKD3 PSKH1 SNF1LK2 KIAA0999 STK40 SNF1LK SNRK SPEG TSSK2 Kalirin TRIB1 TRIB2 TRIB3 TRIO Titin DCLK1
Myosin light-chain kinase (EC 2.7.11.18)	MYLK MYLK2 MYLK3 MYLK4
Phosphorylase kinase (EC 2.7.11.19)	PHKA1 PHKA2 PHKB PHKG1 PHKG2
Elongation factor 2 kinase (EC 2.7.11.20)	EEF2K STK19
Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4

Serine/threonine-specific protein kinases (EC 2.7.11.21-EC 2.7.11.30)

Polo kinase (EC 2.7.11.21)	PLK1 PLK2 PLK3 PLK4
Cyclin-dependent kinase (EC 2.7.11.22)	CDK1 CDK2 CDKL2 CDK3 CDK4 CDK5 CDKL5 CDK6 CDK7 CDK8 CDK9 CDK10 CDK12 CDC2L5 PCTK1 PCTK2 PCTK3 PFTK1 CDC2L1
(RNA-polymerase)-subunit kinase (EC 2.7.11.23)	RPS6KA5 RPS6KA4 P70S6 kinase P70-S6 Kinase 1 RPS6KB2 RPS6KA2 RPS6KA3 RPS6KA1 RPS6KC1
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.24)	Extracellular signal-regulated MAPK1 MAPK3 MAPK4 MAPK6 MAPK7 MAPK12 MAPK15 C-Jun N-terminal MAPK8 MAPK9 MAPK10 P38 mitogen-activated protein MAPK11 MAPK13 MAPK14
MAP3K (EC 2.7.11.25)	MAP kinase kinase kinases MAP3K1 MAP3K2 MAP3K3 MAP3K4 MAP3K5 MAP3K6 MAP3K7 MAP3K8 RAFs ARAF BRAF KSR1 KSR2 MLKs MAP3K12 MAP3K13 MAP3K9 MAP3K10 MAP3K11 MAP3K7 ZAK CDC7 MAP3K14
Tau-protein kinase (EC 2.7.11.26)	TPK1 TTK GSK-3
(acetyl-CoA carboxylase) kinase (EC 2.7.11.27)	-
Tropomyosin kinase (EC 2.7.11.28)	-
Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29)	-
Receptor protein serine/threonine kinase (EC 2.7.11.30)	Bone morphogenetic protein receptors BMPR1 BMPR1A BMPR1B BMPR2 ACVR1 ACVR1B ACVR1C ACVR2A ACVR2B ACVRL1 Anti-Müllerian hormone receptor

Dual-specificity kinases (EC 2.7.12)

MAP2K	MAP2K1 MAP2K2 MAP2K3 MAP2K4 MAP2K5 MAP2K6 MAP2K7

v t e Enzymes
Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Diffusion-limited enzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis
Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor Enzyme activator
Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes
Kinetics	Enzyme kinetics Eadie–Hofstee diagram Hanes–Woolf plot Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics
Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list) EC7 Translocases (list)

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⇱ PRKAA2 - Wikipedia

Function

References

Further reading