This week looks at the plumbing of current and future financial systems. Firstly we will look at our current financial infrastructure and how it facilitates the safe and efficient functioning of the financial system. We will also look at how our current infrastructure falls short and why this is an opportunity for fintech companies. We start with what banks and other financial intermediaries are, and why we regulate them. Then we will talk about how our financial infrastructure connects financial intermediaries and ensures that they can trade with one another. Secondly this week, we turn to the plumbing of the financial system of the future, which can be summarized in one word really, blockchain. Before going into details about how exactly the blockchain works, it makes sense to talk about how blockchain will disrupt our existing financial system. It's then time to take a deep dive into the cryptographic foundations of the blockchain. We will talk about public private key cryptography and explain exactly why cryptography makes the blockchain so secure. We end off the week with a complete overview of the data structures used in almost all blockchains. This will give you a thorough understanding of the innermost workings of the blockchain. Equipped with these tools, we can then take on the remainder of the course.

Welcome to the second week of our course. This is the week where it gets real. We will finally have all the ingredients we need to fully grasp what the blockchain is. We start the week off by explaining single and double entry bookkeeping. It's important to understand why double entry bookkeeping improved the integrity of ledges in Italy in the 14th century, to truly appreciate how novel and revolutionary the blockchain is. For hundreds of years, double-entry bookkeeping was the method of choice when it comes to financial accounting. In double-entry bookkeeping, the two parties in a transaction each update their books, which provides some security against fraudulent actors. With the emergence of the distributed ledger technology and the blockchain however, we have seen a fundamental paradigm shift in accounting. The accounting perspective is very useful when we want to understand the blockchain as a distributed ledger. Distributed ledger is shared among a number of counterparties who want to transact with one another. A blockchain collects a number of transactions in the block, and through clever combination of cryptography and incentive schemes, ensures that these blocks cannot be altered. Each block contains a reference to the previous block, which is how a chain of blocks turns into a blockchain. We will discuss the different consensus mechanisms and cover both proof of work and proof-of-stake in detail. You will understand both the theory behind them and how they are applied in different block chains. This is an exciting week so let's get started.

Welcome to the third week of our course. This week we will explore more technology that is also disrupting the financial services industry, specifically artificial intelligence or AI. We will actually get our hands dirty and cover the three streams of AI, supervised and unsupervised machine learning, as well as reinforcement learning. All three methods are widely used in the financial services industry already, and we kick the week off by giving you a bird's-eye view of the possible applications of AI in finance. Then we turn to unsupervised machine learning, which is mainly used to cluster large amounts of high dimensional and unstructured data. This has many applications in the financial services industry. Once we have covered unsupervised learning, we then dive into supervised machine learning, which is a brilliant way to classify large amounts of data. A supervised machine learning algorithm must be trained on the training data set, which is often historical data. Once properly trained, the algorithm can then correctly classify patterns in new data, which is why supervised machine learning is so powerful. The idea of training data is then taken one step further in reinforcement learning, where algorithms learn from their interactions with the environment just like a human would. Reinforcement learning is an immensely powerful tool, and many big Wall Street firms are heavily investing into AI trading algorithms that really use reinforcement learning at their heart. Once we have all this heavy material covered, it's time to treat ourselves. So, at the end of this week, you will meet a number of guest lecturers from the financial services industry who will explain to you how their companies are successfully using AI in their business. This is a big week, where we look beyond the blockchain and to the second big pillar of the Fintech revolution, AI and machine learning.

Welcome to the fourth week of our course. So, this week, we turn to applications of the blockchain outside of the traditional financial services industry. Since this is a course on FinTech, we will still focus on applications that have ties either with payment services or other financial services. But the main applications are really outside of finance. The first such application is the new architecture of the Internet, the Web 3.0. The current Internet paradigm, the Web 2.0 is built on uses handing that data to large corporations like Facebook or Twitter, and exchange for free services. But as we've seen with a fake news scandal around the 2016 US presidential election and the Brexit referendum, this business model comes with its disadvantages. The biggest disadvantage is privacy. Once a user post his personal data to for example a social media website, he has no longer control over the data. This is where the blockchain comes in. With a blockchain, is possible to give uses ownership of their data to ensure that they have full control over their personal sensitive information. So, this week, you will learn how the blockchain changes at prevailing Web 2.0 business model, and provides endless possibilities for truly decentralized Internet. We will then talk about possible drawbacks to blockchains, and when it is appropriate to use a blockchain and when it is not. There is as much to do for us this week. So, let's dive right in.