Deque add() method in Java

The add(E e) method of Deque Interface inserts the element passed in the parameter to the end of the Deque if there is space. If the Deque is capacity restricted and no space is left for insertion, it returns an IllegalStateException. The function returns true on successful insertion.

Syntax:  

boolean add(E e)

Parameters: This method accepts a mandatory parameter e which is the element to be inserted in the end of the Deque. 

Returns: This method returns true on successful insertion. 

Exceptions: The function throws four exceptions which are described as below:  

• ClassCastException: when the class of the element to be entered prevents it from being added to this container.
• IllegalStateException: when the capacity of the container is full and insertion is done.
• IllegalArgumentException: when some property of the element prevents it to be added to the Deque.
• NullPointerException: when the element to be inserted is passed as null and the Deque's interface does not allow null elements.

Below programs illustrate add() method of Deque:

Program 1: With the help of LinkedList.  

Deque: [7855642, 35658786, 5278367, 74381793]

Program 2: With the help of ArrayDeque. 

Deque: [7855642, 35658786, 5278367, 74381793]

Program 3: With the help of ConcurrentLinkedDeque. 

Deque: [7855642, 35658786, 5278367, 74381793]

Program 4: With the help of LinkedBlockingDeque. 

Deque: [7855642, 35658786, 5278367, 74381793]

Below programs illustrate exceptions thrown by add() method:

Program 5: To show NullPointerException. 

Output: 

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
 at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.offerLast(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:357)
 at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.addLast(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:334)
 at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.add(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:633)
 at GFG.main(GFG.java:20)

Program 6: To show IllegalStateException.

Output: 

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Deque full
 at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.addLast(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:335)
 at java.util.concurrent.LinkedBlockingDeque.add(LinkedBlockingDeque.java:633)
 at GFG.main(GFG.java:21)

Note: The other two exceptions are internal and are caused depending on the compiler hence cannot be shown in the compiler. 

Reference: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/util/Deque.html#add-E-