Prerequisite : Overriding in Java,
Packages in Java
Packages provide more layer of encapsulation for classes. Thus, visibility of a method in different packages is different from that in the same package.
How JVM find which method to call?
When we run a java program,
- JVM checks the runtime class of the object.
- JVM checks whether the object's runtime class has overridden the method of the declared class.
- If so, that's the method called. Otherwise, declared class's method is called.
Thus, the key point is visible check the
visibility of method in different packages.
Following are the cases where we will see method overriding in different packages
1. Private method overriding : In this, access modifier of method we want to override is private.
Output:
Hello
As private method of parent class is not visible in child class. Thus no overriding takes place here.
If you don't know how to run this program from terminal then, create Hello.java file and World.java file as specified above and run these commands.
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2. Public method overriding : In this, access modifier of method we want to override is public.
Output:
World
Public method is accessible everywhere, hence when printMessage() is called, jvm can find the overridden method and thus call it.
Thus overriding takes place here.
3. Default method overriding
error: printMessage() is not public in Hello; cannot be accessed from outside package
Visibility of a default method is within its package only. Hence it can't be access outside the package.
Thus, no overriding in this case.
Predict the output of the following program
