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⇱ Dumortierite: Mineral information, data and localities.

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Dumortierite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Zhibin Li

About DumortieriteHide

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Formula:
Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)
The given formula is the anhydrous end-member. Hydrogen incorporation leads to a more complex formula:

(Al,◻)[Al2(O,OH)](Al2O)2[SiO3(O,OH)]3(BO3)
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, violet-blue, pale blue, pink, red
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
7 - 8
Specific Gravity:
3.21 - 3.41
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honour of Eugène Dumortier (3 December 1801, Lyon, France – 13 August 1876, Lyon, France), palaeontologist who wrote 'Études Paléontologiques sur les dépôts jurassiques du Bassin du Rhône'.
Isostructural with:
Closely related to holtite.




Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
1329
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1329:7

IMA Classification of DumortieriteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
AlAl6BSi3O18
First published:
1881

Classification of DumortieriteHide

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9.AJ.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
J : Nesosilicates with BO3 triangles and/or B[4], Be[4] tetrahedra, cornersharing with SiO4
54.1.2.1

54 : NESOSILICATES Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates
1 : Borosilicates and Some Beryllosilicates with (BO3)
17.5.25

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
5 : Borosilicates

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
DumIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
DumWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
DumThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Pronunciation of DumortieriteHide

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Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of DumortieriteHide

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Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Vitreous to dull.
Colour:
Blue, greenish-blue, violet-blue, pale blue, pink, red
Hardness:
7 - 8 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {100}, poor on {110},
Parting:
parting on {001}
Density:
3.21 - 3.41 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.45 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of DumortieriteHide

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Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.659 - 1.678 nβ = 1.684 - 1.691 nγ = 1.686 - 1.692
2V:
Measured: 20° to 52°, Calculated: 30°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.027
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v or r < v
Optical Extinction:
Parallel. X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = deep blue or violet; Y = yellow to red-violet or nearly colorless; Z = colorless or very pale blue.

Chemistry of DumortieriteHide

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Mindat Formula:
Al(Al2O)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)

The given formula is the anhydrous end-member. Hydrogen incorporation leads to a more complex formula:

(Al,◻)[Al2(O,OH)](Al2O)2[SiO3(O,OH)]3(BO3)
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O50.354 %
Al33.024 %
Si14.732 %
B1.890 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Common Impurities:
Fe,Ti,Mg,Ca

Chemical AnalysisHide

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Oxide wt%:
 1
SiO230.90 %
TiO21.11 %
Al2O357.24 %
Fe2O30.44 %
MgO2.92 %
B2O36.09 %
H2O1.18 %
Total:99.88 %

Crystallography of DumortieriteHide

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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.828(1) Å, b = 20.243(3) Å, c = 4.7001(5) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.584 : 1 : 0.232
Unit Cell V:
1,125.36 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Twinning:
Common on {110} sometimes producing trillings.
Comment:
Non-standard space group setting (Pmcn).

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0019562DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012the Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica0293
0019561DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012Tonagh Island in Amundsen Bay, Enderby Land, East Antarctica0293
0019560DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012west shore of Lake Uvildy in the Ilmen Mountains, southern Urals, Russia0293
0019559DumortieriteGroat L A, Evans R J, Grew E S, Pieczka A (2012) The crystal chemistry of As- and Sb-bearing dumortierite The Canadian Mineralogist 50 855-8722012Hartmannsdorf quarry, 12 km northwest of Chemnitz in Saxony, Germany0293
0020826DumortieriteEvans R J, Fyfe C A, Groat L A, Lam A E (2012) MAS NMR measurements and ab initio calculations of the 29Si chemical shifts in dumortierite and holtite American Mineralogist 97 329-3402012Madagascar0293
0007092DumortieriteFuchs Y, Ertl A, Hughes J M, Prowatke S, Brandstatter F, Schuster R (2005) Dumortierite from the Gfohl unit, Lower Austria: chemistry, structure, and infra-red spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 17 173-1832005Gfohl unit, Lower Austria0293
0007091DumortieriteFuchs Y, Ertl A, Hughes J M, Prowatke S, Brandstatter F, Schuster R (2005) Dumortierite from the Gfohl unit, Lower Austria: chemistry, structure, and infra-red spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 17 173-1832005Gfohl unit, Lower Austria0293
0019939DumortieriteMoore P B, Araki T (1978) Dumortierite, Si3B[Al6.75[]0.25O17.25(OH)0.75]: a detailed structure analysis Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 132 231-2411978Saharina, Madagascar0293
0001025DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites American Mineralogist 71 786-794👁 Image
19860293
0001024DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites American Mineralogist 71 786-794👁 Image
19860293
0001023DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites O5y and O11x have been editted American Mineralogist 71 786-794👁 Image
19860293
0001022DumortieriteAlexander V D, Griffen D T, Martin T J (1986) Crystal chemistry of some Fe- and Ti-poor dumortierites American Mineralogist 71 786-794👁 Image
19860293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
5.85 Å(strong)
2.09 Å(medium strong)
5.06 Å(medium)
3.43 Å(medium)
3.22 Å(medium)
2.91 Å(medium
4.26 Å(medium weak)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)
Geological Setting:
In Al rich regionally metamorphosed rocks disseminated and in veinlets cutting schist, also in pegmatitic veins.

Type Occurrence of DumortieriteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, numbers 83.63 (holotype), 93.311 (cotype), 95.10 (cotype).

Other Language Names for DumortieriteHide

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Relationship of Dumortierite to other SpeciesHide

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Other Members of Dumortierite Group:
MagnesiodumortieriteMg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)

Common AssociatesHide

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Associations Based on Photo Data:
138 photos of Dumortierite associated with QuartzSiO2
20 photos of Dumortierite associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
15 photos of Dumortierite associated with 'Quartzite'
13 photos of Dumortierite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with KyaniteAl2(SiO4)O
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with 'Citrine'SiO2
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with SchorlNaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
6 photos of Dumortierite associated with HematiteFe2O3
5 photos of Dumortierite associated with Chlorite Group
4 photos of Dumortierite associated with ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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9.AJ.Hingganite-(Nd)Nd2◻Be2Si2O8(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.Arrheniusite-(Ce)CaMg[(Ce7Y3)Ca5](SiO4)4(Si2B3AsO18)(BO3)F11Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.05Ominelite(Fe2+,Mg)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AJ.05Grandidierite(Mg,Fe2+)(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)(BO3)O2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AJ.10Nioboholtite(Nb0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
9.AJ.10Titanoholtite(Ti0.75◻0.25)Al6BSi3O18Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
9.AJ.10Holtite(Ta0.6◻0.4)Al6BSi3O18(O,OH)2.25Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
9.AJ.10MagnesiodumortieriteMg(Al2OH)(Al2O)2(SiO4)3(BO3)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AJ.15GarrelsiteBa3NaSi2B7O16(OH)4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.AJ.20'Muromontite'near Be2FeY2Si3O12
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Nd)Nd2Fe2+Be2O2(SiO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20DatoliteCaB(SiO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Melanocerite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)5(SiO4,BO4)3(OH,O)Hex.
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Nd,Y)2Fe2+Be2Si2O10Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.20Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20'Unnamed (OH-analogue of Gadolinite-(Y))'(Y,Ca)2(Fe,◻)Be2Si2O8(OH,O)2Mon. 2/m
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Ce)(Ce,REE)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20Hingganite-(Yb)(Yb,Y,REE)2◻Be2[SiO4]2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20HomiliteCa2(Fe2+,Mg)B2Si2O10Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.AJ.20'Minasgeraisite-(Y)'(Ca2Y2)◻2(Be2B2)[SiO4]4(OH)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.AJ.20'Calcybeborosilite-(Y)'(Y,Ca)2(◻,Fe2+)(B,Be)2[SiO4]2(OH,O)2Mon.
9.AJ.25Stillwellite-(La)LaBSiO5Trig. 32 : P3221
9.AJ.25Stillwellite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Ca)BSiO5Trig. 3 : P31
9.AJ.30Cappelenite-(Y)Ba(Y,Ce)6Si3B6O24F2Trig. 3 : P3
9.AJ.35Laptevite-(Ce)Ca6(Fe2+,Mn2+)Y3REE7(SiO4)3(PO4)(B3Si3O18)(BO3)F11Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Proshchenkoite-(Y)Ca(Y,REE,Ca,Na,Mn)15Fe2+(P,Si)Si6B3O34F14Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Okanoganite-(Y)(Na,Ca)3(Y,Ce)12Si6B2O27F14Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Hundholmenite-(Y)(Y,REE,Ca,Na)15(Al,Fe3+)(CaxAs3+1-x)(Si,As5+)Si6B3(O,F)48Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.35Vicanite-(Ce)(Ca,Ce,La,Th)15As5+(As3+0.5,Na0.5)Fe3+Si6B4O40F7Trig. 3m : R3m
9.AJ.40JadariteLiNaSiB3O7(OH)Mon. 2/m

Fluorescence of DumortieriteHide

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blue shortwave-excited luminescence excited by SW UV caused by titanate groups (TiO6)

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Dumortierite in petrologyHide

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An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for DumortieriteHide

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mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1329.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

References for DumortieriteHide

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Reference List:

Localities for DumortieriteHide

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Showing 298 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
  • East Antarctica
    • Enderby Land
Grew (2000)
Grew (1981) +1 other reference
          • Khmara Bay
Barbier et al. (1999) +1 other reference
    • Princess Elizabeth Land
      • Ingrid Christensen Coast
        • Prydz Bay
Wadoski et al. (2011) +1 other reference
    • Scott Glacier
Burt +1 other reference
Argentina
  • Córdoba Province
    • Sierra de Córdoba
      • El Pilón complex
Rapela et al. (2002)
Rapela et al. (2002)
  • San Juan Province
    • Iglesia Department
Sillitoe et al. (2019)
  • San Luis Province
    • Coronel Pringles Department
      • Estancia Grande
        • Las Águilas deposit
Galliski et al. (2012)
Australia
  • Victoria
    • Indigo Shire
Austria
  • Carinthia
    • Völkermarkt District
      • Griffen
Exel (1993)
    • Wolfsberg District
      • Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal
        • Mica Mines
F.Walter (1984)
      • Wolfsberg
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
        • Lading
          • Kötsch
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Lower Austria
    • Krems-Land District
      • Albrechtsberg an der Großen Krems
Kolitsch (2022)
      • Gföhl
        • Felling
          • Zwettler Leiten
Pristacz et al. (2009) +1 other reference
Pristacz et al. (2009)
Fuchs et al. (2005)
Neumayer (1980)
      • Grafenegg
Reinhold (1914) +1 other reference
      • Lengenfeld
Neumayer (1980)
      • Mühldorf
Neschen (n.d.)
      • Paudorf
        • Meidling
Meixner (1952) +1 other reference
      • Rossatz-Arnsdorf
        • Rossatz
Fuchs et al. (2005)
      • Straß im Straßertale
        • Wiedendorf
KÖHLER (1953)
    • Melk District
      • Klein-Pöchlarn
        • Ebersdorf
Hlawatsch (1911) +5 other references
    • Waidhofen an der Thaya District
      • Raabs an der Thaya
        • Eibenstein an der Thaya
Peter Lamatsch collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch)
  • Styria
    • Deutschlandsberg District
      • Bad Schwanberg
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
      • Deutschlandsberg
        • Osterwitz
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
        • Wildbachgraben
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
Bolivia
  • La Paz
    • Pedro Domingo Murillo Province
Lorin Fassbender et al. (2024)
  • Potosí
    • Nor Chichas Province
      • Cotagaita Municipality
        • Cerro Tazna
          • Tasna Rosario
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
Botswana
  • North-East District
Cairncross (2004)
  • North-West District
    • Ngamiland West District
Wendorff et al. (2005)
Brazil
  • Bahia
Sauer (1982)
Menezes (n.d.)
Franz et al. (2014)
Franz et al. (2014)
MinMag 61:607 (1997)
    • Oliveira dos Brejinhos
      • Serra da Vereda
al and metamorphic zircon crystals near to each other. The crystals sit in a matrix of polygonal quartz (Qtz) +1 other reference
Bulgaria
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Elshitsa
Moritz et al. (2004)
  • Smolyan Province
Svetoslav Petrussenko et al. (2007)
Canada
  • British Columbia
    • Clinton Mining Division
      • Taseko Lake Area
        • Upper Taseko River (Battlement Creek)
albite alunite andalusite andesine ...
    • Omineca Mining Division
      • Smithers
Peatfield (n.d.)
    • Osoyoos Mining Division
Scott (2012)
    • Vancouver Island
      • Nanaimo Mining Division
        • Port Hardy
BC Mining Reports 1970
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
      • Red Wine Alkaline Complex
Curtis et al. (1977)
  • Nova Scotia
    • Lunenburg Co.
      • New Ross
O'Reilly et al. (1982)
  • Ontario
    • Leeds and Grenville Counties
      • South Crosby Township
Sabina (1967) +1 other reference
  • Québec
    • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
      • La Vallée-de-l'Or RCM
        • Val d'Or
Taner et al. (1993)
    • Outaouais
      • La Vallée-de-la-Gatineau RCM
        • Lac-Sainte-Marie (Lac Ste Marie)
Girault (1952)
Chile
  • Atacama
    • Huasco Province
      • Vallenar
        • Productora deposit
Escolme et al. (2020)
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University)
Czech Republic
  • Central Bohemian Region
Duda
      • Kutná Hora
Canadian Mineralogist: 44: 23-30.
Losert
      • Miskovice
Fiala
      • Starkoč
Cempírek et al. (2006)
      • Vlastějovice
Gadas et al. (2011)
      • Vlkaneč
Povondra et al. (eds.) +1 other reference
    • Prague-West District
Bohuslav Bures collection
Loun et al. (2011)
  • Pardubice Region
    • Chrudim District
      • Běstvina
Cempírek et al. (2006)
  • Plzeň Region
    • Klatovy District
Černý P.
  • South Bohemian Region
    • Český Krumlov District
      • Zlatá Koruna
        • Plešovice
Robert Vaňo
  • South Moravian Region
    • Znojmo District
Cempírek et al. (2004)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
Staněk (1991) +4 other references
Němec D.: Ein Pegmatit mit Li-Mineralisierung von Dolní Bory in Westmahren (ČSSR)
Staněk (1997)
        • Horní Bory
Cempírek et al. (2000)
Novák et al. (1999)
Finland
  • Kanta-Häme
Ilkka Mikkola collection
Ilkka Nmikkola collection
    • Tammela
Ilkka Mikkola collection
  • North Ostrobothnia
Rouhunkoski
  • Päijänne Tavastia
    • Orimattila
Ilkka Mikkola collection
  • South Karelia
    • Lappeenranta
www.mindat.org (n.d.)
  • South Ostrobothnia
    • Kuortane
Lahti +1 other reference
France
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Rhône
Mason (1976)
        • Chaponost
          • Beaunant
Gonnard (1881)
        • Écully
Brun (2010)
  • Occitanie
    • Tarn
      • Castres
        • Lamontélarié
Bull. Soc. Franç. Minéralo. ...
Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Lörrach
        • Kandern
Walenta (1992)
        • Malsburg-Marzell
70. +1 other reference
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Regen District
        • Arnbruck
Weiß (1990)
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Cham District
        • Lohberg
          • Lohberghütte
Sperling (1991)
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Bärnau
Laubmann et al. (1915)
        • Kemnath
          • Waldeck
Pöllmann et al. (2007)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Vulkaneifel
      • Gerolstein
        • Rockeskyll
          • Rockeskyll volcanic complex
Haardt
  • Saxony
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Hartmannsdorf
H. Vollstädt et al. (Dresden) +1 other reference
      • Waldheim
Wittern (2001)
Hungary
India
  • Jharkhand
    • East Singhbhum District
      • Dhabhum
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
  • Karnataka
    • Bangalore Rural District
      • Mallegowdanahalli
Rao (1968)
  • Maharashtra
    • Nagpur Division
      • Bhandara District
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
Richard M. Pearl: "Minerals of India"
Iran
  • East Azerbaijan Province
    • Ahar County
      • Ahar
Mikaeili et al. (2025)
Italy
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Chiesa in Valmalenco
Marchesini et al. (2025) +1 other reference
      • Prata Camportaccio
        • Schiesone Valley
          • Rifugio Il Biondo
Giovanni Scapin Collection +2 other references
Roberto Bosi specimen
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Mergozzo
        • Nibbio
www.mindat.org (2016)
      • Ornavasso
Mattioli V. (1983) +1 other reference
Piccoli et al. (2007)
www.mindat.org (2016)
www.mindat.org (2016)
    • Vercelli Province
      • Borgosesia
Piccoli et al. (2007)
Japan
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Koriyama City
Takahata +1 other reference
    • Takanuki
Takahata +1 other reference
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Agatsuma District
      • Nakanojou
Alfredo Petrov specimens
  • Ibaraki Prefecture
    • Kitaibaraki City
      • Hanazono-river
Takahata +1 other reference
Takahata +1 other reference
    • Taga District
      • Hitachi-machi
- (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Kyoto Prefecture
    • Fukuchiyama City
Yamada (2004)
  • Nagasaki Prefecture
    • Gotō Islands
      • Fukue Island (Fukuejima)
- (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Nara Prefecture
    • Yoshino district
      • Tenkawa village
        • Omine Mountains
American Mineralogist 87: 160-170 (2002)
  • Niigata Prefecture
Fossa Magna Museum specimens
      • Ōmi
Hiroaki Tano specimen. (Many Japanese collectors have this mineral from here.)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
- (n.d.)
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Yamanashi City
Takahata +2 other references
Kazakhstan
  • Akmola Region
    • Zerendi District
      • Kokchetav Massif
Korsakov et al. (2020)
Madagascar
  • Alaotra-Mangoro
    • Ambatondrazaka District
      • Ambatosoratra Commune
Behier (1963)
Guigues (1955)
  • Amoron'i Mania
    • Ambatofinandrahana District
      • Ambatofinandrahana Commune
Ackermand et al. (2006) +1 other reference
      • Itremo
Ackermand et al. (2006)
      • Mangataboahangy
Christophe-Michel-Lévy et al. (1959) +1 other reference
Behier (1960)
      • Soavina Commune
Ackermand et al. (2006) +1 other reference
Lacroix (1922)
Maro Barsanti & Martins da Pedra photos
      • Ihadilanana
Behier (1963)
      • Ivato
        • Ivato valley
Behier (1960)
  • Anosy
    • Taolagnaro District
In Collection martin Slama
Platonov et al. (2000)
  • Vakinankaratra
    • Antsirabe II District
      • Sahanivotry Manandona
Morteani et al. (2006)
Mozambique
  • Tete Province
    • Changara District
Martins da Pedra. +2 other references
    • Marávia District
O. Dziallas +1 other reference
Namibia
  • Erongo Region
    • Omaruru Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
Cairncross et al. (2006)
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Keetmanshoop Rural Constituency
Cairncross (2004)
New Zealand
  • Northland Region
    • Far North District
      • Karikari Peninsula
Railton et al. (1990)
  • Southland Region
    • Southland District
      • Fiordland National Park
Railton et al. (1990)
Norway
  • Agder
    • Evje og Hornnes
      • Undeland
Identity confirmed by xrd att the ...
    • Froland
Nijland et al. (1998)
    • Risør
      • Akland
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-6485 (Ex Harald Breivik collection) +1 other reference
      • Søndeled
        • Rød
Hulzebosch-Sijen et al. (1990)
Mason (1976)
Visser et al. (1991)
  • Innlandet
    • Lom
Wilke (1976)
  • Rogaland
    • Lund
      • Flatestøl
Grew et al. (1998)
  • Telemark
    • Bamble
Visser et al. (1991)
      • Valle
Kvamsdal (2001)
Kvamsdal (2001)
      • Kragerø Archipelago
Knut Edvard larsen collection # 4149 (Ex L.O.Kvamsdal collection) +1 other reference
        • Holmen
Atle Michalsen Collection
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Hasvik
Sturt et al. (1972)
Bøe (2001)
  • Vestland
    • Alver
      • Lindås
Cempírek J. et al. (2010)
Peru
  • Arequipa
    • Arequipa Province
      • Yarabamba District
Freeport-McMoRan
  • Lima
    • Canta Province
Hyrśl (2012)
Petersen (1970)
Hyrśl (2012)
  • Puno
    • Melgar Province
Mlynarczyk (2005) +1 other reference
Poland
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Dzierżoniów County
      • Gmina Pieszyce
        • Rościszów
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Karkonosze County
      • Karpacz
Elek Szełęg collection
Mochnacka et al. (2000)
Pieczka A.
    • Ząbkowice Śląskie County
      • Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie
        • Szklary
Pieczka +6 other references
Russia
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Karabash
Scott (2012) +1 other reference
  • Magadan Oblast
    • Omsukchansky District
      • Ducat ore field
        • Sn-Ag zone
Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-327) +1 other reference
[World of Stones 12:49]
    • Aldan
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Rezhevsky District
      • Lipovsk pegmatite field
Igor.V. Pekov (2008)
Slovakia
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Detva District
      • Detva
Koděra P. et al. (2008) +1 other reference
      • Vígľašská Huta-Kalinka
Daniel Ozdín collection
  • Košice Region
    • Sobrance District
      • Remetské Hámre
Bacsó Z. & Ďuďa R.
South Africa
  • Northern Cape
Cairncross (2004)
    • ZF Mgcawu District Municipality
      • Kai !Garib Local Municipality
        • Kenhardt
Cairncross et al. (1995)
South Korea
Sudo +3 other references
  • North Gyeongsang Province
    • Miryang City
Takagi (2008)
Spain
  • Andalusia
    • Málaga
      • Álora
Romero Silva (2003)
      • Carratraca
        • Los Jarales
Calvo (2018)
      • Cártama
Alejandro Sánchez Jiménez
      • Igualeja
Geological Museum of Malaga
      • Torrox
Garcia Casco (1993)
Sri Lanka
  • Western Province
    • Colombo District
Grew +5 other references
Sweden
  • Jämtland County
    • Åre
      • Åreskutan
  • Norrbotten County
    • Boden
      • Harads
Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum)
Bjällerud (1990)
    • Pajala
      • Junosuando
Thorin (1989)
Switzerland
  • Grisons
    • Maloja Region
      • Bregaglia
        • Upper Val Bregaglia
          • Val Forno
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Ticino
    • Bellinzona
      • Arbedo-Castione
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Locarno
      • Brissago
Stalder et al. (1998)
Stalder et al. (1998)
UK
  • England
Golley et al. (1995)
    • Devon
      • West Devon
[Specimen in the Natural History Museum
  • Scotland
    • Renfrewshire
      • Bishopton
King (n.d.)
Ukraine
  • Zhytomyr Oblast
    • Zhytomyr Raion
Lyckberg et al. (2009)
USA
  • Alaska
    • Nome Census Area
      • Port Clarence Mining District
        • York Mountains
Econ Geol (1988)
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Willcox
Duke (1960) +2 other references
    • La Paz & Yuma Cos.
      • Ehrenberg to Yuma area
Wilson (1929) +2 other references
    • La Paz County
Reynolds (1988) +1 other reference
      • Quartzsite
Bideaux et al. (1960) +2 other references
Wilson (1929) +4 other references
      • Silver Mining District
        • Hidden Valley
Diller (1889) +5 other references
Bancroft et al. (1990)
MRDS database Dep. ID file #10056453
    • Santa Cruz County
      • Patagonia Mountains
        • Patagonia Mining District
          • Nogales
Anthony et al. (1995)
Mason (1976)
  • California
    • Fresno County
      • Kaiser Wilderness area
Ted A. Hadley and Daniel J. Evanich (2021)
    • Imperial County
      • Chocolate Mountains
        • Chocolate Mountains Mining District
          • Indian Pass
- (2005)
        • Picacho Mining District
          • Picacho Peak
Ransom (1955) +3 other references
      • Ogilby
Kunz (1894) +3 other references
    • Kern County
      • Lost Hills (Lost Hill)
Reed (1927) +2 other references
Reed (1927) +1 other reference
      • Los Angeles
Scott (2012)
    • Riverside County
      • Corona
MacMurphy (1930) +3 other references
      • El Cerrito
MacMurphy (1930) +1 other reference
- (2005)
MacMurphy (1930) +1 other reference
      • Menifee Mining District (Auld Mining District)
        • Winchester
Murdoch (1966) +1 other reference
Mason (1976)
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
      • Laguna Mountains
        • Alpine
Ford (1902) +6 other references
  • Colorado
    • Fremont County
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Connecticut
    • Fairfield County
      • Danbury
former Ronald Januzzi collection.
  • Maine
    • Oxford County
      • Albany
King (2009)
King (2009)
King (2000)
King (2009)
King (2009)
King (2009)
King (2009)
      • Batchelders Grant
King (2009)
King (2009)
      • Buckfield
King (2009)
      • Gilead
King (2009)
      • Greenwood
King (2009)
      • Hebron
        • Mount Rubellite
King (2009)
King (2009)
      • Lovell
King (2009)
      • Norway
King (2000)
King (2000)
King (2000)
      • Paris
King (2000)
King (2000)
King (2000)
    • Sagadahoc County
King et al. (1994)
King et al. (1994)
  • Montana
Ransom (1974)
Ransom (1974)
      • Cataract Mining District (Comet Mining District; Basin Mining District)
- (2005)
      • Three Brothers
- (2005)
    • Madison County
- (2005)
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
      • Virgin Mountains
        • Bunkerville Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Jeremie Pfister Collection
    • Mineral County
      • Fitting Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Toquima Range
        • Barcelona Mining District (Spanish Belt Mining District)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Nye County
      • Toquima Range
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Mason (1976)
      • Rochester Mining District
Johnson (1977) +2 other references
      • Sacramento Mining District
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Washoe County
      • Deephole Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Mexico
    • Luna County
      • Tres Hermanas Mountains
        • Tres Hermanas Mining District
Griswold (1961)
    • Rio Arriba County
Northrop et al. (1996)
- (1965)
Jahns (1946)
Manchester (1931)
    • New York City
      • Manhattan (New York County)
Manchester (1931)
The New York State Museum Catalog No. ...
        • Washington Heights
Hovey (1896)
NY State Museum spec. no. 16908
    • Saratoga County
      • Batchellerville
Robinson et al. (2007) +1 other reference
      • Edinburg Township
        • Batchellerville
Robinson et al. (2007)
Marian Lupulescu (2010)
    • St. Lawrence County
      • Clifton
        • Star Lake
          • Benson
Marian Lupulescu et al. (2010)
    • Westchester County
      • Mount Pleasant
Jensen (1978)
  • North Carolina
    • Alexander County
Palache et al. (1930)
Kesler
Wilson et al. (1978)
Kesler +1 other reference
Genth et al. (1881)
      • Lincolnton
Genth et al. (1881)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Chester County
      • Coatesville
Lapham et al. (1976)
  • Utah
    • Emery County
      • Emery
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981)
  • Washington
    • King County
      • Snoqualmie Mining District
        • Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River
Cannon (1975)
Thurber et al. (1989) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
    • Skamania County
      • Washougal Mining District
        • Washougal River
Cannon (1975)
Zimbabwe
  • Mashonaland West
Cairncross (2004)
  • Matabeleland South
    • Beitbridge District
Cairncross (2004)
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