Possibly the Pb analogue of unnamed phase 'UM1956-02-SiO:CaHU'. The only accepted Pb-U silicate mineral. Chemically similar to 'orlite'.

Crystal structure details:

- uranyl silicate layers of the uranophane sheet anion-topology
- Pb atoms and water molecules are in the interlayer space; water coordinates interlayer Pb
- hydrogen bonding is strong, with pair distribution of water molecules

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2165

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2165:0

Similar NamesHide

Cosalite	A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered	Pb₂Bi₂S₅
Cuselite	A rock subtype
Kasoite	A variety of Celsian	Ba(Al₂Si₂O₈)
Kuzelite	A valid IMA mineral species	Ca₄Al₂(OH)₁₂[SO₄] · 6H₂O
Kôzulite	A synonym of Mangano-ferri-eckermannite	[Na][Na₂][Mn₄²⁺(Fe³⁺)]Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂

IMA Classification of KasoliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

First published:

1921

Type description reference:

Schoep, A. (1921) Sur la kasolite, nouveau minéral radioactif. Comptes Rendus de l‘Académie des Sciences Série II.: 173: 1476-1477.

Classification of KasoliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

9.AK.15

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
K : Uranyl neso- and polysilicates

Dana 8th ed.:

53.3.1.1

53 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO₄ Groups and Other Anions or Complex Cations
3 : Insular SiO₄ Groups and Other Anions of Complex Cations with (UO₂)

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.16.17

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
16 : Silicates of U

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Kso	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KasoliteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Adamantine, Greasy

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent, Opaque

Comment:

Dull to earthy if massive

Colour:

Ocher yellow to brownish yellow, amber brown, lemon yellow, to green or reddish orange

Streak:

Pale yellow brown

Hardness:

4 - 5 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Indistinct on {100} {010}

Density:

5.83 - 6.5 g/cm³ (Measured) 6.256 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of KasoliteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.89 n_β = 1.91 n_γ = 1.95

2V:

Measured: 43° , Calculated: 72°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.060
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

strong

Pleochroism:

Weak

Comments:

X=Y= pale yellow
Z= colorless to slightly grayish

Chemistry of KasoliteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb(UO₂)(SiO₄) · H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
U	40.528 %
Pb	35.279 %
O	19.069 %
Si	4.782 %
H	0.343 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

H, O, Pb, Si, U - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

As,P,Ba,Fe,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of KasoliteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/b

Setting:

P2₁/a

Cell Parameters:

a = 13.24 Å, b = 6.94 Å, c = 6.70 Å
β = 104.33°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.908 : 1 : 0.965

Unit Cell V:

596.48 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Stout prismatic, lath-like crystals.

Comment:

"the structure is mechanically stable and very isotropic"

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Locality
0012338	Kasolite	Rosenzweig A, Ryan R R (1977) Kasolite, Pb(UO2)(SiO4)H2O* Crystal Structure Communications 6 617-621	1977	293
0015549	Kasolite	Mokeeva V I (1965) The crystal structure of kasolite Soviet Physics Crystallography 9 621-622	1965	293
0011895	Kasolite	Huynen A M, Piret-Meunier J, Van Meerssche M (1963) Structure de la kasolite Academie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Sciences: Bulletin 49 192-201	1963	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.26 Å	(100)
2.93 Å	(90)
4.19 Å	(80b)
3.53 Å	(70)
6.61 Å	(60)
3.07 Å	(50)
1.962 Å	(50)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
27 : Radioactive decay; auto-oxidation
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47f : [Uranyl (U⁶⁺) minerals]

Geological Setting:

Oxidation product of uraninite

Type Occurrence of KasoliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Shinkolobwe Mine, Shinkolobwe, Kambove Territory, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo

General Appearance of Type Material:

Radiating needles, crystalline granular, and compact-massive.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum, Paris, France, 121.287.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Oxidation zone of uranium deposit.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Curite

Torbernite

Reference:

Schoep, A. (1921) Sur la kasolite, nouveau minéral radioactif. Comptes Rendus de l‘Académie des Sciences Série II.: 173: 1476-1477.

Synonyms of KasoliteHide

Droogmansite

Other Language Names for KasoliteHide

Dutch:Kasoliet

German:Kasolit

Russian:Казолит

Simplified Chinese:硅铅铀矿

Spanish:Kasolita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

130 photos of Kasolite associated with Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
129 photos of Kasolite associated with Torbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 12H₂O
42 photos of Kasolite associated with Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
40 photos of Kasolite associated with Cuprosklodowskite	Cu(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 6H₂O
38 photos of Kasolite associated with Metatorbernite	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂ · 8H₂O
35 photos of Kasolite associated with Uranophane	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 5H₂O
30 photos of Kasolite associated with Curite	Pb₃(H₂O)₂[(UO₂)₄O₄(OH)₃]₂
27 photos of Kasolite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
21 photos of Kasolite associated with Uraninite	UO₂
21 photos of Kasolite associated with Vandenbrandeite	Cu(UO₂)(OH)₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.AK.	Orlite	Pb₃(UO₂)₃(Si₂O₇)₂ · 6H₂O
9.AK.05	Soddyite	(UO₂)₂SiO₄ · 2H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Fddd
9.AK.10	Sklodowskite	Mg(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AK.10	Cuprosklodowskite	Cu(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.AK.10	Oursinite	Co(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 6H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmca
9.AK.15	Parauranophane	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.AK.15	Uranophane	Ca(UO₂)₂(SiO₃OH)₂ · 5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.AK.15	Natroboltwoodite	Na(UO₂)(SiO₃OH) · H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
9.AK.15	Boltwoodite	(K,Na)(UO₂)(SiO₃OH) · 1.5H₂O	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.AK.20	Swamboite-(Nd)	Nd_0.333[(UO₂)(SiO₃OH)](H₂O)_~2.5	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.AK.25	Haiweeite	Ca(UO₂)₂[Si₅O₁₂(OH)₂] · 6H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcn
9.AK.25	Metahaiweeite	Ca(UO₂)₂Si₆O₁₅ · nH₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.AK.30	Weeksite	K₂(UO₂)₂(Si₅O₁₃) · 4H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AK.30	Coutinhoite	Th_xBa_(1-2x)(UO₂)₂Si₅O₁₃ · (H₂O)_1+y (0 < x < 0.5 and 0 < y < (2+x))	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.AK.30	Barronite	(◻_0.5Ba_0.5)(UO₂)₂Si₅O₁₂(OH) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.AK.35	Magnioursilite	Mg₄(UO₂)₄(Si₂O₅)₅(OH)₆ · 20H₂O
9.AK.35	Calcioursilite	Ca₄(UO₂)₄(Si₂O₅)₅(OH)₆ · 15H₂O	Orth.
9.AK.40	Uranosilite	UO₃ · 7SiO₂	Orth.

RadioactivityHide

Radioactivity:

Element	% Content	Activity (Bq/kg)	Radiation Type
Uranium (U)	40.5276%	10,131,900	α, β, γ
Thorium (Th)	0.0000%	0	α, β, γ
Potassium (K)	0.0000%	0	β, γ

For comparison:

Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity: –

Distance	Dose rate	Risk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μ_shield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((A_U × Γ_U) + (A_Th × Γ_Th) + (A_K × Γ_K)) / r² × μ_shield

Other InformationHide

Notes:

1015, 977 and 813 cm⁻¹ Raman bands are combination bands; large number of Raman bands exists for the species

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KasoliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-2165.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Kasolite on Webmineral

Look for Kasolite on Wikipedia

Look for Kasolite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals

Buy from McDougall Minerals

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for KasoliteHide

Reference List:

Schoep, A. (1921) Sur la kasolite, nouveau minéral radioactif. Comptes Rendus de l‘Académie des Sciences Série II.: 173: 1476-1477.

Wherry, E.T., Poitevin, E. (1922) New species. American Mineralogist: 7: 128-129.

Billiet, Valère (1926) Détermination des indices de réfraction de la becquerélite, de la curite, de la kasolite, de la fourmariérite, de la parsonsite, de la dumontite, et de l'ianthinite. Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie, 49 (3). 136-140 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1926.4309

Hogarth, D. D. (1951) Studies of radioactive compounds: II - Meta-zeunerite, uranophane, kasolite and cuprosklodowskite in Canada. American Mineralogist, 36 (5-6) 411-414

Huynen, A.M., Piret-Meunier, J., Van Meerssche, M. (1963) Structure de la kasolite. Académie Royale de Belgique, Classe des Sciences: 49: 192-201.

Mokeeva, V.I. (1965) The crystal structure of kasolite. Soviet Physics - Crystallography: 9: 621-622.

Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva (1972): 101: 27.

Rosenzweig, A., Ryan, R.R. (1977) Kasolite, Pb(UO2)(SiO4).H2O. Crystal Structure Communications: 6: 617-621.

(1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (332) 1053-1055 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.332.17

Stohl, Frances V., Smith, Deane K. (1981) The crystal chemistry of the uranyl silicate minerals. American Mineralogist, 66 (5-6) 610-624

Vochten, R., Blaton, N., Peeters, O., Van Springel, K., Van Haverbeke, L. (1997) A new method of synthesis of boltwoodite and of formation of sodium boltwoodite, uranophane, sklodowskite and kasolite from boltwoodite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 35 (3) 735-741

(2001) Kasolite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Burns, Peter C. (2005) U⁶⁺ minerals and inorganic compounds: insights into an expanded structural hierarchy of crystal structures. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (6) 1839-1894 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.6.1839

Frost, Ray L., Čejka, Jiří, Weier, Matt L, Martens, Wayde (2006) Molecular structure of the uranyl silicates—a Raman spectroscopic study. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (4). 538-551 doi:10.1002/jrs.1430

Plášil, J., Sejkora, J., Čejka, J., Škoda, R., Goliáš, V. (2009) Supergene mineralization of the Medvědín uranium deposit, Krkonoše Mountains, Czech Republic. Journal of GEOsciences, 54 (1) 15-56

Fejfarová, Karla, Dušek, Michal, Plášil, Jakub, Čejka, Jiří, Sejkora, Jiří, Škoda, Radek (2013) Reinvestigation of the crystal structure of kasolite, Pb[(UO₂)(SiO₄)](H₂O), an important alteration product of uraninite, UO_2+x. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 434 (1) 461-467 doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2010.11.064

Colmenero, Francisco, Plášil, Jakub, Cobos, Joaquín, Sejkora, Jiří, Timón, Vicente, Čejka, Jiří, Bonales, Laura J. (2019) Crystal structure, hydrogen bonding, mechanical properties and Raman spectrum of the lead uranyl silicate monohydrate mineral kasolite. RSC Advances, 9 (27). 15323-15334 doi:10.1039/c9ra02931a

Localities for KasoliteHide

Showing 248 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Argentina
La Rioja Province Capital Department Puerto Alegre ⓘ San Francisco deposit	Zappettini et al. (2014)
ⓘ Sierra de Famatina
ⓘ Tucumán Province	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry +1 other reference
Tafí del Valle Department Colalao del Valle Cerro Pichao ⓘ Milagro Mine	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry´s collection
Australia
Northern Territory West Arnhem Region Kakadu ⓘ Koongarra deposit	Isobe et al. (1992) +1 other reference
Ranger Mine ⓘ Ranger No. 1 deposit	Henry et al. (1999)
ⓘ Nabarlek Mine	Econ Geol (1987) +1 other reference
South Alligator River ⓘ El Sherana mine	Henry et al. (2005)
South Australia District Council of Yankalilla Myponga ⓘ Wild Dog Uranium Mine	American Mineralogist: 46: 12-25.
Pastoral Unincorporated Area Arkaroola (Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary; Arkaroola Station) ⓘ British Empire Mine	Plimer et al. (2002)
Mount Painter area ⓘ Mount Painter No. 2 workings	Brugger et al. (2003) +3 other references
Western Australia Ashburton Shire Barradale ⓘ Mundong Well (Elizabeth River)	Ferguson (1999)
Nanutarra Station ⓘ Nanutarra Pb-Au Mine	Ferguson (1999)
Austria
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Bad Gastein Naßfeld valley Kreuzkogel massif Radhausberg ⓘ Pasel adit	Strasser (1989)
Zell am See District Bramberg am Wildkogel ⓘ Breitkopf	Strasser (1989)
ⓘ Wiesbachrinne	- (n.d.) +1 other reference
Hollersbach im Pinzgau ⓘ Schafkopf east slope	Meixner et al. (1979) +1 other reference
Scharnbachgraben ⓘ Scharn	- (n.d.)
Rauris ⓘ Micaschist outcrops	Strasser (1989)
Brazil
Bahia ⓘ Lagoa Real uranium province	Pires et al. (2014)
Bulgaria
Sofia City Province Stolichna Municipality Buhovo ⓘ Buhovo Uranium Mine	Kalaidjiev et al. (2009)
Canada
British Columbia Atlin Mining Division ⓘ Mount Weir property	Peatfield (n.d.) +1 other reference
Surprise Lake ⓘ Purple Rose uranium occurrence	Peatfield (n.d.)
Northwest Territories North Slave Region ⓘ Great Bear Lake	Cowan (1962)
Nunavut Kivalliq Region Baker Lake ⓘ Christopher Island	G.S.C. Bulletin 330. +1 other reference
Ontario Haliburton County Highlands East Township Cardiff Township ⓘ Aumacho River occurrence	Traill (1983)
ⓘ Bicroft Mine	Pouliot et al. (1964)
ⓘ Dyno Mine	Sabina (1986)
ⓘ Tripp Mine (Nu-Age Mine)	Reiner Mielke 2013
Monmouth Township ⓘ Cudney occurrence	Ontario Geological Survey Miscellaneous ... +2 other references
Kenora District MacNicol Township ⓘ Richard Lake occurrence	Sabina (1991)
Peterborough County Cavendish Township ⓘ Cavendish Uranium Mine	Satterly (1956)
Québec Nord-du-Québec Jamésie Baie-James Otish Mountains ⓘ Otish Mountains U deposit	SASSANO et al. (1987)
Saskatchewan Beaverlodge Lake area Eldorado Mining & Refining Ltd. mines ⓘ Eldorado Mine (Beaverlodge Mine; Beaverlodge Operation)	Jeremy Zolan
Goldfields District Consolidated Nicholson Mines ⓘ Nicholson No. 1 ("No. 1 zone extension" vein)	Hogarth (1951)
Lac la Ronge ⓘ Lee (Jahala) Lake occurrence	Sabina (1972)
Chad
Mayo-Kebbi Est Region Mayo Kebi granite ⓘ Zabili pluton	Olivier et al. (2021)
Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla ⓘ Dos Adrianas Mine	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor and Gerhard Möhn
China
Hunan Hengyang Changning Co. ⓘ Baifang Mine	Gu et al. (2025)
Liaoning Benxi Nanfen District ⓘ Lianshanguan Mine (Benxi Mine; U deposit No. 3075)	Dahlkamp (2009)
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Příbram Březové Hory Březové Hory deposit ⓘ Jánská vein	Plášil et al. (2010)
ⓘ Prokop Mine	[Bull.N.M.Praha 2002
Hradec Králové Region Trutnov District Špindlerův Mlýn Medvědín ⓘ Medvědín uranium deposit	Journal of Geosciences 54:15-56 +2 other references
Karlovy Vary Region Karlovy Vary District Jáchymov ⓘ Eliáš Mine	Hloušek et al. (2002)
Rovnost Mine ⓘ Geister vein	Desor (04/2022)
Liberec Region Semily District Harrachov ⓘ Rýžoviště	Sejkora et al. (1994) +1 other reference
Olomouc Region Jeseník District Javorník Horní Hoštice ⓘ Jelení hill	Pauliš et al. (2004)
Zálesí ⓘ Zálesí uranium deposit	Sejkora (1994) +1 other reference
Plzeň Region Klatovy District ⓘ Zborovy	Pauliš P. et al. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
Tachov District ⓘ Bezděkov	Škácha et al. (2024)
South Moravian Region Brno-Country District ⓘ Strhaře	Uranové minerály České republiky a ...
ⓘ Shaft 42 U deposit	Škácha et al. (2017)
Ústí nad Labem Region Chomutov District Měděnec ⓘ Horní Halže	Sejkora et al. (2007) +1 other reference
DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kambove Territory Kambove ⓘ Kambove Principal Mine	KMMA
Shinkolobwe ⓘ Shinkolobwe Mine (TL) 👁 Image	Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des sciences de Paris (1922) +2 other references
ⓘ Swambo Hill	KMMA +1 other reference
Kipushi Territory Kawama ⓘ Luiswishi Mine	KMMA
Lualaba Mutshatsha ⓘ Kalongwe deposit	Am Min 36:394-410 +1 other reference
Kamoto ⓘ KOV Open cut	Deliens (1992)
ⓘ Kasompi Mine	Deliens +1 other reference
Kolwezi ⓘ Musonoi Mine 👁 Image	Daltry (1992) +2 other references
Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ El Atshan mine	El-Naby (2009)
ⓘ El Erediya area	Abd El-Naby (2008) +1 other reference
ⓘ Gabel El-Missikat	Nagar et al. (2020)
ⓘ Khour Abalea	Abd El Rahman et al. (2022)
ⓘ South Wadi Khuda	Raslan +3 other references
ⓘ Sul Hamed	Abed et al. (2022)
ⓘ Um Guruf	B.H. Ali et al. (2008)
ⓘ Um Samra-Um Bakra shear zone	Ismail (2017) +1 other reference
Wadi Abu Rasheid ⓘ Bore Hole #5	Shalan (2021)
ⓘ Emerald mines	Yehia H. Dawood (2011) +2 other references
ⓘ Wadi Belih	Mouhareb (2017)
ⓘ Wadi Kariem	Hussein et al. (1988)
ⓘ Wadi Khuda	Raslan et al. (2010)
Wadi Nugrus ⓘ Emerald mines	Abdel Gawad et al. (2022)
Wadi Sikait ⓘ Emerald mines	Ibrahim (2014) +2 other references
Europe
Ore Mountains ⓘ Zinnwald-Cínovec mining region
Finland
North Ostrobothnia Kuusamo ⓘ Kitka River Valley	Vuorelainen
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Allier Vichy Échassières Montmins mining district ⓘ Ste Barbe vein (Les Montmins)	Kolitsch et al. (2009)
Loire Roanne Saint-Priest-la-Prugne ⓘ Les Bois-Noirs Mining Claim	- (1998)
ⓘ Lagadaillère Mine (BN10)	- (1998)
ⓘ Le Limouzat Mine (incl. Le Limouzat Quarry; BN3; BN5; BN6)	J.-J. Périchaud: "Où trouver les minéraux d'Auvergne" et al. (Clermont-Ferrand)
Puy-de-Dôme Clermont-Ferrand Olloix ⓘ Liauzun	Agrinier et al. (1967)
Thiers Lachaux ⓘ Bigay Mine	- (1998)
ⓘ Etang de Reliez	J. Chervet
ⓘ Roffin Mine	Queneau (n.d.)
Ris ⓘ Gagnol Mine	Chollet Pascal Collection
ⓘ Reliez
Savoie ⓘ Les Epelées gallery	De Ascençao Guedes (2000)
Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Saint-François-Longchamp Montgellafrey ⓘ Fond-de-France	De Ascençao Guedes et al. (2000)
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Saône-et-Loire Charolles Grury ⓘ La Faye Mine	OLLIC Pascal Collection
ⓘ Les Jalerys Mine	OLLIC Pascal Collection
ⓘ Les Vernays	OLLIC Pascal Collection +1 other reference
Issy-l'Evêque ⓘ Bauzot Mine	OLLIC Pascal Collection +1 other reference
Suin ⓘ Bois de Mégine (Bois de Nialin)	Pascal Chollet Collection - SEM-EDS ...
Brittany Morbihan Pontivy Guern ⓘ Quistiav (Quistiave)	- (1998)
Lignol ⓘ Kerségalec	- (1998)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Creuse Guéret Crozant ⓘ Mont Sarrasin	- (1998)
Haute-Vienne Bellac Bessines-sur-Gartempe ⓘ Le Brugeaud Mine	- (1998)
Compreignac ⓘ Margnac II Mine	- (1998)
Occitanie Hérault Lodève Le Bosc ⓘ Riviéral ?	Georges Favreau specimens
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Nice Arrondissement Roure ⓘ Berghin	- (1998)
Gabon
Haut-Ogooué Province Léboumbi-Leyou Department Mounana ⓘ Mounana Mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
ⓘ Oklo Mine
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992) +1 other reference
Seelbach Seelbach Weiler ⓘ Michael Mine	Wittern (2001)
Rottweil Schenkenzell Wittichen Böckelsbach valley ⓘ Sophia Mine	Weiß (1990)
Burgfelsen ⓘ Johann Mine
Heubach Valley ⓘ Anton Mine
Waldshut St Blasien Menzenschwand ⓘ Krunkelbach Valley Uranium deposit	Walenta (1992)
Vorderdorf ⓘ Granite quarry (Schleifbach quarry)	Weiß (1990)
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Passau District Hauzenberg Hauzenberg granite quarries ⓘ Hemerau quarry (Bauzing quarry)	https://www.mineralienatlas.de/?l=5281
Upper Palatinate Cham District Zandt ⓘ Riedhof	Weiß (1990)
Schwandorf District Schwarzach bei Nabburg Wölsendorf ⓘ Johannesschacht Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Marienschacht Mine	P Mostmans collection
Stulln ⓘ Erna Mine	Weiß (1990)
ⓘ Wölsendorf fluorite mining district	Dill et al. (2010)
Rhineland-Palatinate Birkenfeld Birkenfeld Ellweiler ⓘ Bühlskopf U deposit	Aufschluss 69/ (7+8) +1 other reference
Donnersbergkreis Winnweiler Imsbach ⓘ Katharina I Mine	Noll (1984)
ⓘ Katharina II Mine	Wittern (2001)
Winnweiler ⓘ Schweisweiler-Winnweiler U occurrence	Weiß (1990)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Annaberg-Buchholz Kleinrückerswalde ⓘ Uranus Mine	Desor (05/2020)
Vogtlandkreis Bergen ⓘ Streuberg Quarry	Wittern (2001)
ⓘ Tirpersdorf	Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Hungary
Heves County Bélapátfalva District Nagyvisnyó ⓘ Bánvölgyfő Valley	Koch (1985)
India
Rajasthan Bhilwara District ⓘ Samarkiya area	Current Science
Udaipur Division ⓘ Chittorgarh District	Saini +3 other references
Italy
Aosta Valley Courmayeur ⓘ Brenva Glacier
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Montescheno ⓘ I Mondei (Ca' Mondei)	Roggiani A. G. (1974)
Sardinia Metropolitan City of Cagliari Capoterra ⓘ Arcu su Linnarbu	Caboni et al. (2019)
South Sardinia Province Fluminimaggiore ⓘ S'Acqua Bona Mine	Orlandi (2011)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Bocenago Monte Toff ⓘ Rendena Valley uranium prospects	Ravagnani (1974)
Borgo Chiese Condino ⓘ Rio Giulis uranium prospect	Campostrini et al. (2006)
Canal San Bovo Vanoi Valley Pralongo ⓘ Pralongo granite quarry (Pralongo Quarry; Grisotto Quarry)	Venzo et al. (2017)
Valdaone Daone Daone Valley Limes ⓘ Val Daone Mine	Campostrini et al. (2005)
Japan
Okayama Prefecture ⓘ Kenzan mine	Kato (1973)
Mexico
Chihuahua Aldama Municipality Peña Blanca District Sierra Peña Blanca ⓘ Peña Blanca Mine	Andrew Haighton Collection
Aquiles Serdán Municipality ⓘ Santa Eulalia Mining District	Museum of Natural History London ...
Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Gebhard (1999)
North Macedonia
Probistip Municipality Kratovo-Zletovo ore district ⓘ Zletovska Reka Mine	Radusinovic (1974)
Norway
Agder Bykle ⓘ Vatnedalen	Larsen (2025)
Froland ⓘ Gloserheia	Åmli (1975)
ⓘ Gjerstad	Neumann (1985)
Lindesnes Vigeland ⓘ Rymteland Feldspar Quarry	Sverdrup (1959)
Valle Strømsheia (Straumsheia) ⓘ Gamle Mine	Neumann (1955)
Buskerud Krødsherad ⓘ Bjertnes pegmatite	Kristiansen (2007)
Nordland Narvik ⓘ Hundholmen	Husdal (2023)
Sørfold ⓘ Tennvatn pegmatite	Husdal (2008)
Østfold Halden Idd Aspedammen ⓘ Herrebøkasa	Sørlie (2003)
Sarpsborg Ryen ⓘ Ryen Quarry	Kristiansen (2022)
Telemark Kragerø Hullerøya ⓘ Hullerøya II pegmatite quarry	Larsen (2025)
Troms og Finnmark Tromsø Kvaløya ⓘ Middagsskarshøgda	Sverdrup et al. (1967)
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Stronie Śląskie ⓘ Kletno	Siuda et al. (2008)
Portugal
Guarda Trancoso Torre de Terrenho， Terrenho e Sebadelhe da Serra ⓘ Fonte Velha Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Viseu Mangualde Tavares (Chãs; Várzea e Travanca) Tragos ⓘ Pinhal do Souto Mine	Alves et al. (2017)
Romania
Bihor County Nucet ⓘ Băiţa mining district	Szakáll:Minerals of Carpathians
Suceava County ⓘ Crucea	Hîrtopanu P. et al. (2004)
Russia
Magadan Oblast Tenkinsky District Ust-Omchug ⓘ Butugychag Sn-U deposit	Зубрев И.Н
Murmansk Oblast Belye Tundry Massif ⓘ Zirkonovoe pegmatite body (Zirkonovoye)	Lyalina et al. (2014)
ⓘ Kaito Tundra	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Lovozersky District Keivy Mountains Western Keivy Massif ⓘ Ploskaya Mountain	Voloshin A.V. et al. (1986)
Primorsky Krai Krasnoarmeysky District Arminsky ore district Vostok ⓘ Vostok-2 Mine
Pozharsky District ⓘ Lermontovskoe W-Au deposit (Lermontovo)
Republic of Karelia Loukhsky District ⓘ Chupa pegmatite field	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Spain
Andalusia Almería Níjar ⓘ Cabo de Gata volcanic complex	gr-mulhacen.foroactivo.com (2023)
Pozo de Los Frailes ⓘ Barranco Celejo	Jose Francisco Castro collection +1 other reference
Córdoba Cardeña ⓘ San Rafael Mine	I. Ramos Márquez +3 other references
Catalonia Lleida Pallars Jussà La Vall Fosca La Torre de Cabdella Castell-estaó ⓘ Eureka mine	Castillo-Oliver et al. (2019)
Sweden
Halland County Varberg ⓘ Derome pegmatites	Wilke (1997)
Norrbotten County Arjeplog Jäkkvik ⓘ Pleutajokk	Natural History Museum
Jokkmokk ⓘ Ruoutevare
Ultevis ⓘ Manak
Kiruna ⓘ Kalix River	Welin (1965)
Södermanland County Nyköping ⓘ Kalkonberget
Värmland County Torsby ⓘ Nilsby	Löfvendahl (1981)
Västerbotten County Skellefteå ⓘ Varuträsk	Sandström (2008)
Västernorrland County Ånge ⓘ Märrviken
Västra Götaland County Svenljunga ⓘ Stackebo
Switzerland
Bern Interlaken-Oberhasli Guttannen Handegg ⓘ Alplistock	Stalder et al. (1998)
Glarus Glarus Nord ⓘ Mürtschenalp	Stalder et al. (1998)
ⓘ Hochmättli	Meisser (1999)
Uri Urseren Realp Tiefenbach ⓘ Tiefen glacier	Cuchet et al. (2024)
Valais Saint-Maurice Collonges Plex ⓘ Uranium occurrence	Meisser (2012)
Finhaut Emosson ⓘ La Reffe	Meisser (2012)
Salvan ⓘ Les Marécottes	Meisser (2012)
La Creusaz ⓘ La Creusaz U prospect
ⓘ Van d'en Bas	Stalder et al. (1998)
Vaud Aigle Lavey-Morcles Lavey-les-Bains ⓘ Boitses (Les Boitses)	Meisser (2012)
Tajikistan
Sughd Ghafurov District Adrasmon (Adrasman) ⓘ Dzherkamar uranium deposit	Гецева et al. (1956)
Khodzhent (Leninabad) Kyzyltyube-Sai ⓘ Oktyabr'skoye U Deposit	Pekov (1998)
Tanzania
Morogoro Region Morogoro Rural District ⓘ Lukwengule	Frondel et al. (1956) +1 other reference
UK
England Cornwall St Just Botallack ⓘ Botallack Mine	Elton and Hooper
ⓘ Loe Warren Zawn	Elton et al. (1995)
St Stephen-in-Brannel ⓘ South Terras Mine (Resugga & Tolgarrick Mine; Union Mine; Uranium Mine)	Nicholas J. ELTON Tregears. Little ... +4 other references
Scotland Highland East Sutherland and Edderton ⓘ Helmsdale	von Backstrom (1974)
Outer Hebrides Isle of Lewis and Harris Harris ⓘ Chiapaval	O. von Knorring and R. Dearnley (1960)
USA
Arizona Maricopa County Buckeye Hills Mining District ⓘ Buckeye area	Galbraith (1959)
Navajo County Seven Mile Canyon ⓘ Shinarump 1B Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
Pima County Oro Blanco Mountains Oro Blanco Mining District (Ruby Mining District) ⓘ Iris and Natalia claims ?	MRDS database Dep. ID file #10095028
Sierrita Mountains Papago Mining District (Sierrita Mining District) ⓘ Lena No. 1 - 11 claims ?	Granger (1962)
Santa Cruz County ⓘ Kinsley property	Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference
Oro Blanco Mountains Oro Blanco Mining District (Ruby Mining District) ⓘ Annie Laurie prospect (Annie Laurie claims; Bright Uranium prospect)	Arthur L. Flagg Collection No. 4931A/B
Pajarito Mountains Pajarito Mining District Big Steve - White Oak group Pena Blanca Lake ⓘ Big Steve Mine	US Atomic Energy Commission Prelim. Reconnaisance Report A-R-2 (1953) +4 other references
Walker Canyon ⓘ White Oak Mine (White Oak property; White Oaks Mine; Walker Canyon; Old Clarke Mine; Old Clark Mine; Sunrise Mine; White Oak #1 adit)	US Atomic Energy Commission Prelim. Reconnaisance Report D-441 (1952) +5 other references
Tyndall Mining District ⓘ Duranium claims	Robinson (1954) +2 other references
ⓘ Walnut Canyon	Anthony et al. (1995)
Yavapai County ⓘ Steel City Mine	Frondel (1958) +1 other reference
California Inyo County Nopah Range Upper Noonday Camp Shoshone Mines ⓘ War Eagle Mine	Species confirmed by Dr. Robert Housley. (Personal communication March 2019)
San Bernardino County Twentynine Palms Mining District Twentynine Palms ⓘ Unnamed Kasolite occurrence [1]	Murdoch (1966)
Colorado Chaffee County ⓘ Trout Creek Pass Pegmatite Mining District	Eckel et al. (1997)
Clear Creek County Lawson Mining District ⓘ Peabody (Robineau occurrence)	Eckel et al. (1997)
El Paso County Cheyenne Mining District (St. Peters Dome Mining District) ⓘ St Peters Dome	Eckel et al. (1997)
Gilpin County Central City Mining District (Central Mining District) ⓘ Blackhawk placer (Black Hawk Lode No. 2 claim)	Sims (1963) +1 other reference
ⓘ R. H. D. Mine (St. Anthony mine) ?	USGS Bull 1032A
Eureka Mining District ⓘ Central City; Cherokee; Carroll; Woodmire; Rara Avis ?	Sims (1963)
ⓘ Two Sisters occurrence	USGS Bull 1032A +2 other references
Grand County Wheeler Basin ⓘ Bennett Mine (Hell Hole claims)	Eckel et al. (1997)
Jefferson County South Platte Pegmatite Mining District ⓘ Seerie pegmatite (Cooper pegmatite)	Pavel M. Kartashov data
Saguache County ⓘ Lookout No. 22 claim	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Marshall Pass No. 5 prospect	Eckel et al. (1997)
San Miguel County ⓘ Burro Mine	Carnegie Museum of Natural History ...
Maine Oxford County Greenwood ⓘ Heikkinen Quarry	Thompson et al. (1998)
Michigan Gogebic County Watersmeet ⓘ Paulding Uranium prospect	Travis Olds collection
Nevada Clark County Spring Mountains Goodsprings Mining District ⓘ Desert Valley prospect	Castor et al. (2004)
Shenandoah Peak (Shenandoah Mountain) ⓘ Green Monster Mine	Page et al. (1956) +2 other references
ⓘ Singer Mine ?	Longwell et al. (1965)
Lyon County Washington Mining District ⓘ West Willys claim	Castor et al. (2004)
Mineral County Marietta Mining District ⓘ 4-D Prospect	Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Lucky Horseshoe prospect	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Silver State claim	Castor et al. (2004)
New Hampshire Grafton County Grafton ⓘ Ruggles Mine 👁 Image	Frondel (1956) +1 other reference
New Mexico Sierra County ⓘ Derry District	King (n.d.)
ⓘ Red Hills	Jerry Cone Collection
New York Essex County Crown Point Township ⓘ Crown Point Center	Jensen (1978)
ⓘ Roe spar bed (Roe Spar pegmatite; Roe mine; Spar Bed Hill)	Seaman (1976)
North Carolina Mitchell County ⓘ Flat Rock Mine (Flat Rock pegmatite)	Finch et al. (1997)
ⓘ Pink Mine	Finch et al. (1997)
Spruce Pine Greasy Creek Township ⓘ Wiseman Mine (Old Mart Wiseman Mine; Sullins-Wiseman Mine)	American Mineralogist +1 other reference
Yancey County Celo Micaville ⓘ Fanny Gouge Mine	Finch et al. (1997)
Pennsylvania Carbon County Lehigh Township ⓘ Penn Haven Junction	USGS: Geological Survey Circular 350
Mahoning Township ⓘ Mauch Chunk Ridge	USGS: Geological Survey Circular 350
Nesquehoning ⓘ Mount Pisgah ?	Lapham et al. (1965)
Lycoming County Penn Township ⓘ McCauley prospect 22	Smith and Hioff (1984)
South Dakota Custer County Custer Mining District Fourmile ⓘ Tin Mountain Mine	Smith et al. (2000)
Pennington County Keystone Mining District Keystone ⓘ Bob Ingersoll Mine	Rocks & Min.:10:147 & 60:112
Texas Hudspeth County Sierra Blanca Peaks ⓘ Round Top prospects	O'Neill (2014)
Wyoming Carbon County ⓘ Little Man mine	Hausel et al. (2001)
Zimbabwe
Mashonaland East Mutoko District (Mtoko District) Mutoko parish (Mtoko) ⓘ Ntebeni pegmatite	Gallagher (1967)

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⇱ Kasolite: Mineral information, data and localities.

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