Kampf, Anthony R., Dunn, Pete J., Foord, Eugene E. (1989) Grandreefite, pseudograndreefite, laurelite, and aravaipaite: Four new minerals from the Grand Reef mine, Graham County, Arizona. American Mineralogist, 74 (7-8) 927-933

Classification of LaureliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

3.DC.20

3 : HALIDES
D : Oxyhalides, hydroxyhalides and related double halides
C : With Pb (As,Sb,Bi), without Cu

Dana 8th ed.:

9.2.10.1

9 : NORMAL HALIDES
2 : AX₂

Hey's CIM Ref.:

8.8.3

8 : Halides - Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides and Iodides; also Fluoborates and Fluosilicates
8 : Halides of Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Lrl	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LaureliteHide

Lustre:

Silky

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

Colourless

Streak:

White

Hardness:

2 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Imperfect/Fair
{0001} imperfect

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

7.65(5) g/cm³ (Measured) 7.77 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Comment:

Calculated from formula and structure in Merlino et al. (1996)

Optical Data of LaureliteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (+)

RI values:

n_ω = 1.903 n_ε = 1.946

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.043
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Chemistry of LaureliteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₇F₁₂Cl₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	82.914 %
F	13.033 %
Cl	4.053 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cl, F, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LaureliteHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Class (H-M):

6 - Trigonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.267(1) Å, c = 3.9844(4) Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 0.388

Unit Cell V:

363.73 Å³

Morphology:

Felted aggregates of acicular prisms. Prismatic parallel to [001] with basal {001} terminations.

Twinning:

Twinned by rotation around [001]

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0018359	Laurelite	Merlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N, Kampf A R (1996) Laurelite: Its crystal structure and relationship to alpha-PbF2 it was twinned, and the partially occupied sites were relicts. American Mineralogist 81 1277-1281	👁 Image	1996	0	293
0001838	Laurelite	Merlino S, Pasero M, Perchiazzi N, Kampf A R (1996) Laurelite: Its crystal structure and relationship to alpha-PbF2 American Mineralogist 81 1277-1281	👁 Image	1996	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.33 Å	(100)
1.934 Å	(60)
3.125 Å	(40)
2.949 Å	(40)
1.709 Å	(40)
1.282 Å	(40)
2.090 Å	(35)

Comments:

Grand Reef mine, Arizona, USA. Data from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47g : [Halogen-bearing surface weathering minerals]

Type Occurrence of LaureliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Grand Reef Mine, Laurel Canyon, Grand Reef Mountain, Klondyke, Aravaipa Mining District, Graham County, Arizona, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Needles up to 10x0.05 mm, but most needles are much thinner and are typically grouped in parallel bundles. Also in loose jackstraw-fashion.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum, Los Angeles, California, USA, 33608.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 166057.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Epithermal lead-copper-silver deposit, hosted by a silicified breccia.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Aravaipaite

Grandreefite

Pseudograndreefite

Reference:

Synonyms of LaureliteHide

IMA1988-020a

Other Language Names for LaureliteHide

Dutch:Laureliet

German:Laurelit

Russian:Лорелит

Spanish:Laurelita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

6 photos of Laurelite associated with Galena	PbS
6 photos of Laurelite associated with Fluorite	CaF₂
4 photos of Laurelite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Laurelite associated with Anglesite	PbSO₄

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

3.DC.	Gajardoite	KCa_0.5As³⁺₄O₆Cl₂ · 5H₂O	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.	Lucabindiite	(K,NH₄)As₄O₆(Cl,Br)	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.	Cuatrocapaite-(NH4)	(NH₄)₃(NaMg◻)(As₂O₃)₆Cl₆ · 16H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DC.	Cuatrocapaite-(K)	K₃(NaMg◻)(As₂O₃)₆Cl₆ · 16H₂O	Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
3.DC.	Napoliite	Pb₂OFCl	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4₂/mcm
3.DC.	Torrecillasite	Na(As,Sb)³⁺₄O₆Cl	Orth.
3.DC.05	Paralaurionite	PbCl(OH)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.DC.05	Laurionite	PbCl(OH)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
3.DC.05	Mauriziodiniite	(NH₄)(As₂O₃)₂I	Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P6/mmm
3.DC.05	Russoite	(NH₄)ClAs₂O₃(H₂O)_0.5	Hex. 622 : P622
3.DC.10	Fiedlerite	Pb₃FCl₄(OH) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
3.DC.15	Penfieldite	Pb₂Cl₃(OH)	Hex. 6 : P6
3.DC.15	Telluroperite	Pb₃TeO₄Cl₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
3.DC.25	Zhangpeishanite	BaFCl	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Matlockite	PbFCl	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Zavaritskite	(BiO)F	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Rorisite	CaFCl	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Bismoclite	BiOCl	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : P4/nmm
3.DC.25	Vegrandisite	BaCl₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
3.DC.30	Nadorite	PbSbClO₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
3.DC.30	Perite	PbBiClO₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
3.DC.40	Thorikosite	Pb₃Cl₂(OH)(SbO₃,AsO₃)	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DC.45	Mereheadite	Pb₄₇Cl₂₅(OH)₁₃O₂₄(CO₃)(BO₃)₂	Mon. m
3.DC.50	Blixite	Pb₈O₅(OH)₂Cl₄	Orth.
3.DC.52	Rumseyite	Pb₂OClF	Tet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I4/mmm
3.DC.55	Vladkrivovichevite	[Pb₃₂O₁₈][Pb₄Mn₂O]Cl₁₄(BO₃)₈ · 2H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmn
3.DC.55	Pinalite	Pb₃WO₅Cl₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
3.DC.57	Yeomanite	Pb₂O(OH)Cl	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
3.DC.60	Symesite	Pb₁₀(SO₄)O₇Cl₄ · H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
3.DC.60	'Lorettoite'	Pb₇O₆Cl₂	Orth.
3.DC.62	'Sarawakite (of Frenzel)'	Sb, O, Cl (?)
3.DC.65	Ecdemite	Pb₆As³⁺₂O₇Cl₄	Mon. 2 : P2₁
3.DC.70	Mendipite	Pb₃Cl₂O₂	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
3.DC.75	Damaraite	Pb₃Cl(OH)O₂	Orth. mm2 : Pmc2₁
3.DC.80	Onoratoite	Sb₈Cl₂O₁₁	Tric. 1 : P1
3.DC.95	Barstowite	Pb₄Cl₆(CO₃) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m

Fluorescence of LaureliteHide

In UV light:

Not fluorescent

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Decomposes rapidly in cold 1:1 HCl and dissolves very slowly in cold water.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LaureliteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-2342.html
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External Links:

Look for Laurelite on Webmineral

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

Buy from McDougall Minerals

The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals

References for LaureliteHide

Reference List:

Merlino, Stefano; Pasero, Marco; Perchiazzi, Natale; Kampf, Anthony R. (1996) Laurelite: Its crystal structure and relationship to α-PbF2. American Mineralogist, 81 (9). 1277-1281 doi:10.2138/am-1996-9-1026

(2005) Laurelite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for LaureliteHide

Showing 8 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Stoya et al. (02/2021)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Dimoliaki Barbaliaki mines ⓘ Barbaliaki Mine No. 1	lavrion.gr (2026)
Legrena Valley Megala Pefka Mines ⓘ Megala Pefka Mine No. 28 ("Sigia Mine")	Wendel et al. (1999)
Italy
Piedmont Cuneo Province Valdieri San Lorenzo ⓘ Lausetto Mine	Parola et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Veneto Vicenza Province Torrebelvicino Mercanti Valley ⓘ Monte Trisa Mines	Zordan et al. (2011)
ⓘ Gallery no. 2	Zordan et al. (2011)
ⓘ Veneziana gallery (Veneziana mine) ?	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
USA (TL)
Arizona Graham County Aravaipa Mining District Klondyke Grand Reef Mountain Laurel Canyon ⓘ Grand Reef Mine (TL)	Kampf et al. (1989) +2 other references

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⇱ Laurelite: Mineral information, data and localities.

Laurelite

About LaureliteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of LaureliteHide