Named in honor of Marie Louise Lindberg-Smith (1918-2005), mineralogist with the U.S. Geological Survey. She was an expert on optical, chemical, and X-ray methods and described seven new mineral species.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Boca Rica claim, Sapucaia do Norte, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

The Mn analogue of humboldtine.

May appear as a dehydration product of falottaite (Mn-oxalate trihydrate).

An orthorhombic polymorph is known as a synthetic compound (Huizing et al., 1977; Lethbridge et al., 2003).

A corresponding compound, likely lindbergite, is reported as a common biomineral formed by action of lichen (Pertusaria corallina) on Mn ores (vide Burford et al., 2003).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

26578

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:26578:2

IMA Classification of LindbergiteHide

IMA status:

Approved

IMA Formula:

Mn(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O

Approval year:

2003

First published:

2004

Type description reference:

Atencio, Daniel, Coutinho, José M.V., Graeser, Stefan, Matioli, Paulo A., Menezes Filho, Luiz A.D. (2004) Lindbergite, a new Mn oxalate dihydrate from Boca Rica mine, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil, and other occurrences. American Mineralogist, 89 (7) 1087-1091 doi:10.2138/am-2004-0721

Classification of LindbergiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

10.AB.05

10 : ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A : Salts of organic acids
B : Oxalates

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Ldb	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LindbergiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Transparent

Colour:

White to grayish white

Streak:

White

Hardness:

2½ on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
on {010}

Parting:

not observed

Density:

2.1 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.356 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of LindbergiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.424 n_β = 1.55 n_γ = 1.65

2V:

Measured: 80° , Calculated: 77°

Max. Birefringence:

δ = 0.226
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

not detected

Optical Extinction:

Y ∧ c = 20°.

Pleochroism:

Non-pleochroic

Chemistry of LindbergiteHide

Mindat Formula:

Mn²⁺(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
O	53.633 %
Mn	30.694 %
C	13.421 %
H	2.253 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

C, H, Mn, O - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of LindbergiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Cell Parameters:

a = 11.995 Å, b = 5.632 Å, c = 9.967 Å
β = 128.34°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 2.13 : 1 : 1.77

Unit Cell V:

528.1 Å³

Morphology:

Pseudomorphous after short prismatic crystals of the trihydrate; aggregates of platelets.

Comment:

Space group C2/c.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0019963	Lindbergite	Soleimannejad J, Aghabozorg H, Hooshmand S, Ghadermaz M, Gharamaleki J A (2007) The monoclinic polymorph of catena-poly [[diaquamanganese(II)]-mu-oxalato-4O1,O2:O1',O2'] Acta Crystallographica E63 m2389-m2390	2007	synthetic	0	293
0019964	Lindbergite	Deyrieux R, Berro C, Peneloux A (1973) Contribution a l'etude des oxalates de certains metaux bivalents. III. - Structure cristalline des oxalates dihydrates de manganese, de cobalt, de nickel et de zinc. Polymorphisme des oxalates dihydrates de cobalt et de nickel Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France 1973 25-34	1973	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
4.803 Å	(100)
4.699 Å	(84)
2.996 Å	(58)
4.855 Å	(26)
3.907 Å	(23)
3.622 Å	(22)
2.679 Å	(14)

Comments:

Boca Rica mine, Brazil.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins	<0.4

Type Occurrence of LindbergiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Boca Rica claim, Sapucaia do Norte, Galiléia, Minas Gerais, Brazil

General Appearance of Type Material:

As white short prismatic crystals 0.1 to 0.3 mm in length (pseudomorphs after the orthorhombic trihydrate) and as grayish-white aggregates in 0.1 mm thick translucent crusts made up of interlocking irregularly contoured platelets up to 0.03 mm in length.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Geosciences Museum, Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil number DR542.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Secondary mineral associated with phosphates in a granite pegmatite.

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Bermanite	Cyrilovite	Frondelite	Heterosite	Hureaulite
Laueite	Phosphosiderite	Reddingite	Rockbridgeite	Strengite
Tavorite	Triphylite

Reference:

Synonyms of LindbergiteHide

IMA2003-029

Other Language Names for LindbergiteHide

Dutch:Lindbergiet

German:Lindbergit

Relationship of Lindbergite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Humboldtine Group

Other Members of Humboldtine Group:

Andreybulakhite	Ni(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Glushinskite	Mg(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
Humboldtine	Fe²⁺(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m
Katsarosite	Zn(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

11 photos of Lindbergite associated with Frondelite	(Mn²⁺_0.5Fe³⁺_0.5)₂Fe³⁺₃(PO₄)₃(OH)₅
9 photos of Lindbergite associated with Tinzenite	Ca₂Mn²⁺₄Al₄[B₂Si₈O₃₀](OH)₂
4 photos of Lindbergite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
3 photos of Lindbergite associated with Falottaite	MnC₂O₄ · 3H₂O
2 photos of Lindbergite associated with Phosphosiderite	FePO₄ · 2H₂O
1 photo of Lindbergite associated with Hureaulite	Mn²⁺₅(PO₃OH)₂(PO₄)₂ · 4H₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

10.AB.	Deveroite-(Ce)	Ce₂(C₂O₄)₃ · 10H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.	Edwindavisite	Cu(C₂O₄)(NH₃)	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
10.AB.X	Falottaite	MnC₂O₄ · 3H₂O	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
10.AB.	Uroxite	[(UO₂)₂(C₂O₄)(OH)₂(H₂O)₂] · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.05	Katsarosite	Zn(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.05	Andreybulakhite	Ni(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.05	Humboldtine	Fe²⁺(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m
10.AB.10	Glushinskite	Mg(C₂O₄) · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.15	Moolooite	Cu(C₂O₄) · nH₂O	Orth.
10.AB.20	Stepanovite	NaMgFe³⁺(C₂O₄)₃ · 8-9H₂O	Trig. 3m : P3c1
10.AB.25	Minguzzite	K₃Fe³⁺(C₂O₄)₃ · 3H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.30	Wheatleyite	Na₂Cu(C₂O₄)₂ · 2H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
10.AB.35	Zhemchuzhnikovite	NaMgAl(C₂O₄)₃ · 8H₂O	Trig. 3m : P3c1
10.AB.40	Weddellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · (2.5-x)H₂O	Tet. 4/m : I4/m
10.AB.45	Whewellite	Ca(C₂O₄) · H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.47	Fiemmeite	Cu₂(C₂O₄)(OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.50	Caoxite	Ca(C₂O₄) · 3H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
10.AB.50	Middlebackite	Cu₂C₂O₄(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.52	Metauroxite	(UO₂)₂(C₂O₄)(OH)₂(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
10.AB.55	Oxammite	(NH₄)₂(C₂O₄) · H₂O	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2
10.AB.60	Natroxalate	Na₂(C₂O₄)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.60	Phoxite	(NH₄)₂Mg₂(C₂O₄)(PO₃OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.60	Carboferriphoxite	[(NH₄)K(H₂CO₃)][Fe³⁺(HPO₄)(H₂PO₄)(C₂O₄)]	Tric. 1 : P1
10.AB.60	Ferriphoxite	[(NH₄)₂K(H₂O)][Fe³⁺(HPO₄)₂(C₂O₄)]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
10.AB.65	Coskrenite-(Ce)	Ce₂(SO₄)₂(C₂O₄) · 8H₂O	Tric.
10.AB.70	Levinsonite-(Y)	(Y,Nd,La)Al(C₂O₄)(SO₄)₂ · 12H₂O	Mon. 2/m
10.AB.75	Zugshunstite-(Ce)	(Ce,Nd,La)Al(C₂O₄)(SO₄)₂ · 12H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
10.AB.80	Novgorodovaite	Ca₂(C₂O₄)Cl₂ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LindbergiteHide

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https://www.mindat.org/min-26578.html
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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for LindbergiteHide

Reference List:

Deyrieux, R., Berro, C., Peneloux, A. (1973) Contribution à l'étude des oxalates de certains métaux bivalents. III. Structure cristalline des oxalates dihydratés de manganèse, de cobalt, de nickel et de zinc. Polymorphisme des oxalates dihydratés de cobalt et de nickel [Oxalates of some divalent metals. III. Crystal structure of dihydrated manganese, cobalt, nickel, and zinc oxalates. Polymorphism of dihydrated cobalt and nickel oxalates]. Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France: 1973: 25-34.

Huizing, A., van Hal, H.A.M., Kwestroo, W., Langereis, C., van Loosdregt, P.C. (1977) Hydrates of manganese (II) oxalate. Materials Research Bulletin, 12 (6). 605-611 doi:10.1016/0025-5408(77)90069-1

Sledzinska, I, Murasik, A, Fischer, P (1987) Magnetic ordering of the linear chain system manganese oxalate dihydrate investigated by means of neutron diffraction and bulk magnetic measurements. Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, 20 (15). 2247-2259 doi:10.1088/0022-3719/20/15/011

Lethbridge, Zoe A.D., Congreve, Aileen F., Esslemont, Emma, Slawin, Alexandra M.Z., Lightfoot, Philip (2003) Synthesis and structure of three manganese oxalates: MnC₂O₄.2H₂O, [C₄H₈(NH₂)₂][Mn₂(C₂O₄)₃] and Mn₂(C₂O₄)(OH)₂. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 172 (1). 212-218 doi:10.1016/s0022-4596(03)00035-5

BURFORD, EUAN P., KIERANS, MARTIN, GADD, GEOFFREY M. (2003) Geomycology: fungi in mineral substrata. Mycologist, 17 (3). 98-107 doi:10.1017/s0269915x03003112

Mandarino, Joseph A. (2004) New minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 42 (6) 1901-1927 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.42.6.1901

Soleimannejad, Janet, Aghabozorg, Hossein, Hooshmand, Shabnam, Ghadermazi, Mohammad, Attar Gharamaleki, Jafar (2007) The monoclinic polymorph of catena-poly[[diaquamanganese(II)]-μ-oxalato-κ⁴O¹,O²:O^1′,O^2′]. Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 63 (9). m2389-m2390 doi:10.1107/s1600536807040470

Echigo, Takuya, Kimata, Mitsuyoshi (2008) Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic studies on humboldtine and lindbergite: weak Jahn–Teller effect of Fe2+ ion. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 35 (8). 467-475 doi:10.1007/s00269-008-0241-7

Echigo, T., Kimata, M. (2010) Crystal Chemistry and Genesis of Organic Minerals: a Review of Oxalate and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (6) 1329-1357 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.5.1329

Piro, Oscar Enrique, Baran, Enrique José (2018) Crystal chemistry of organic minerals – salts of organic acids: the synthetic approach. Crystallography Reviews, 24 (3) 149-175 doi:10.1080/0889311x.2018.1445239

Puzan, Anna N., Baumer, Vyacheslav N., Lisovytskiy, Dmytro V., Mateychenko, Pavel V. (2018) Structure disordering and thermal decomposition of manganese oxalate dihydrate, MnC2O4·2H2O. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 260. 87-94 doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2018.01.022

(2021) Lindbergite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Korneev, Anatolii V., Izatulina, Alina R., Kuz’mina, Mariya A., Frank-Kamenetskaya, Olga V. (2022) Solid Solutions of Lindbergite–Glushinskite Series: Synthesis, Ionic Substitutions, Phase Transformation and Crystal Morphology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (23) 14734 doi:10.3390/ijms232314734

Krajanová, Viktória (2023) Discoveries and identification methods of metal oxalates in lichens and their mineral associations: A review of past studies and analytical options for lichenologists. Fungal Biology Reviews, 43. 100287 doi:10.1016/j.fbr.2022.09.003

Localities for LindbergiteHide

Showing 18 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Austria
Styria Weiz District Rettenegg Prinzkogel (Prinzenkogel) Prinzkogel mines Southern District ⓘ Kaltenegg	Jakely et al. (2008)
Brazil (TL)
Minas Gerais Galiléia Sapucaia do Norte ⓘ Boca Rica claim (TL)	Atencio et al. (2004)
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	50. (in German) +3 other references
Offenburg ⓘ Ortenberg	Walenta (2003)
Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis Triberg im Schwarzwald Gremmelsbach ⓘ Oberrötenbach ?	American Mineralogist +1 other reference
Hesse Giessen Region Lahn-Dill-Kreis Lahnau Waldgirmes ⓘ Rotläufchen Mine	Gerhard Möhn collection
Rhineland-Palatinate Westerwaldkreis Bad Marienberg Lautzenbrücken ⓘ Eisenkaute Mine	Gerhard Möhn Collection Analyzed by ...
Saxony Mittelsachsen Oberschöna Bräunsdorf ⓘ Neue Hoffnung Gottes Mine	Gröbner et al. (2007)
Italy
Aosta Valley Nus Saint-Barthélemy ⓘ Varenche Mine	Franco Luca Bonino et al. (2023)
Liguria Genoa Ne ⓘ Molinello Mine	Kolitsch et al. (2008)
Reppia ⓘ Gambatesa Mine	Bortolozzi (n.d.)
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baceno Devero Alp ⓘ Monte Cervandone area	Albertini et al. (2012) +2 other references
Spain
Murcia Cartagena El Estrecho de San Ginés Cabezo de San Ginés ⓘ Victoria mine 👁 Image	... +2 other references
Switzerland
Grisons Albula Region Surses ⓘ Tinizong (Tinzen)	Graeser et al. (2016)
Err valley ⓘ Parsettens Alp	American Mineralogist +1 other reference
ⓘ Falotta
UK
Scotland Moray ⓘ Lecht Mines	Atencio et al. (2004)
USA
Virginia Amelia County Winterham ⓘ Morefield Mine (Morefield pegmatite)	Atencio et al. (2004)

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⇱ Lindbergite: Mineral information, data and localities.

Lindbergite

About LindbergiteHide