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⇱ Kingstonite: Mineral information, data and localities.

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Kingstonite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About KingstoniteHide

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Formula:
Rh3S4
Originally given as (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4.
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
7.52 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
For Gordon Kingston (formerly of Cardiff University, Wales, UK) in recognition of his contributions to platinum group element mineralogy and the geology of their mineral deposits.
The S analogue of zaykovite. Possibly the Rh analogue of UM1980-11-S:CuIrPtRh and UM2004-38-S:CoCuFeNiPtRh.


Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
27678
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:27678:8

IMA Classification of KingstoniteHide

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Approved
Approval year:
1993
First published:
2005

Classification of KingstoniteHide

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2.DA.25

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
D : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 3 :4 and 2:3
A : M:S = 3:4

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
KgsIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of KingstoniteHide

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Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Hardness:
Hardness:
VHN25=871 - 920 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
good parallel to [001]
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
7.52 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of KingstoniteHide

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Anisotropism:
weak to moderate in dull greys and browns
Bireflectance:
weak
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1 (%)R2 (%)imR1 (%)imR2 (%)
400nm46.7%47.6%32.7%33.8%
440nm46.9%48.3%32.9%34.3%
480nm47.4%49.2%33.3%34.9%
520nm48.0%49.9%33.9%35.7%
560nm48.7%50.5%34.5%36.3%
600nm49.3%50.8%35.2%36.6%
640nm49.7%50.9%35.6%36.7%
680nm49.9%51.0%35.7%36.6%
700nm50.0%51.0%35.7%36.6%


Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 51.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in , imR1 shown in , imR2 shown in
Colour in reflected light:
pale slightly brownish grey
Internal Reflections:
none
Pleochroism:
Weak

Chemistry of KingstoniteHide

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Mindat Formula:
Rh3S4

Originally given as (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Rh70.648 %
S29.352 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Crystallography of KingstoniteHide

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Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.4616 Å, b = 10.7527 Å, c = 6.2648 Å
β = 109°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.973 : 1 : 0.583
Unit Cell V:
666.34 ų
Z:
6

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0014575KingstoniteStanley C J, Criddle A J, Spratt J, Roberts A C, Szymanski J T, Welch M D (2005) Kingstonite, (Rh,Ir,Pt)3S4, a new mineral species from Yubdo, Ethiopia Mineralogical Magazine 69 447-453👁 Image
2005Bir Bir River, Yubdo District, Wallaga Province, Ethiopia0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.156 Å(100)
3.081 Å(100)
2.957 Å(90)
2.234 Å(60)
1.941 Å(50)
1.871 Å(80)
1.791 Å(90)
Comments:
Format: d/Å (I) (hkl)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
37 : Layered igneous intrusions and related PGE minerals

Type Occurrence of KingstoniteHide

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General Appearance of Type Material:
Subhedral, tabular elongate to anhedral inclusions (15-40 µm) in a Pt-Fe nugget.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, London, England (BM 2004, 56).
Systematic Reference Series, National Mineral Collection, Geological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Placers derived from ultramafic rocks
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of KingstoniteHide

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Other Language Names for KingstoniteHide

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German:Kingstonit
Simplified Chinese:单斜硫铑矿
Traditional Chinese:單斜硫銠礦

Common AssociatesHide

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Associations Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Kingstonite associated with Cuprorhodsite(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4
1 photo of Kingstonite associated with IsoferroplatinumPt3Fe
1 photo of Kingstonite associated with LauriteRuS2
1 photo of Kingstonite associated with Native Osmium(Os,Ir,Ru)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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2.DA.FerrodimolybdeniteFeMo2S4Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.DA.ZaykoviteRh3Se4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.EzochiiteCu+(Rh3+Pt4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.GrimmiteNiCo2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.ZolenskyiteFeCr2S4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.DA.05ShiranuiiteCu+(Rh3+Rh4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05FletcheriteCuNi2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Florensovite(Cu,Zn)Cr1.5Sb0.5S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.05SiegeniteCoNi2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CadmoinditeCdIn2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05KalininiteZnCr2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05ViolariteFe2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05NickeltyrrelliteCuNi2Se4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05LinnaeiteCo2+Co3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CarrolliteCuCo2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05Cuprorhodsite(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05BerndlehmanniteCu(CrV)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05PolydymiteNi2+Ni3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05TrüstedtiteNi3Se4Iso.
2.DA.05DaubréeliteFe2+Cr3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05CuprokalininiteCu(Cr3+Cr4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05GreigiteFe2+Fe3+2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05JoegoldsteiniteMnCr2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05BornhardtiteCo2+Co3+2Se4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05TyrrelliteCu(Co,Ni)2Se4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05InditeFeIn2S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3m
2.DA.05'Xingzhongite'Pb2+Ir3+2S4Iso.
2.DA.05MalaniteCu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4Iso. m3m(4/m32/m)
2.DA.10RhodostanniteCu1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
2.DA.10ToyohaiteAg1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4Tet. 4/m : I41/a
2.DA.15BrezinaiteCr3S4Mon. 2/m
2.DA.15Heideite(Fe,Cr)1.15(Ti,Fe)2S4Mon. 2/m
2.DA.20KonderiteCu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16Hex. 6/m : P6/m
2.DA.20InaglyiteCu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16Hex.

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for KingstoniteHide

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mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-27678.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

References for KingstoniteHide

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Localities for KingstoniteHide

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Showing 7 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Albania
  • Dibër County
    • Bater-Martanesh mining district
12 (12) +1 other reference
Ethiopia (TL)
  • Oromia Region
    • West Welega Zone
      • Gimbi
        • Yubdo District (Joubdo District; Youbdo District; Joubda District)
Stanley et al. (2005)
France
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Ain
      • Bourg-en-Bresse
        • Lescheroux
Ducluzaux (2022)
Japan
  • Kumamoto Prefecture
    • Shimomashiki District
      • Misato
NISHIO–HAMANE et al. (2019)
Russia
  • Kemerovo Oblast
Zhmodik et al. (2016)
Zhmodik et al. (2016)
  • Sakha
    • Anabar River basin
Airiyants et al. (2014)
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