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⇱ Vauquelinite: Mineral information, data and localities.

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Vauquelinite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About VauqueliniteHide

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👁 05335690017271927515531.jpg
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Formula:
Pb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)
Colour:
Olive-green, apple-green, brown to nearly black
Lustre:
Adamantine, Resinous
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
6.16
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named after Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (16 May 1763, Saint-André-d'Hébertot, Normandy, France - 14 November 1829, Saint-André-d'Hébertot, Normandy, France), Professor of Chemistry, University of Paris (France) and discoverer of chromium. He also discovered beryllium, the first amino acid (asparagine), pectin and malic acid.
Fornacite-Vauquelinite Series. The phosphate analogue of fornacite.

Related to the Brackebuschite Supergroup.


Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
4163
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4163:4

IMA Classification of VauqueliniteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CuPb2(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)
First published:
1818

Classification of VauqueliniteHide

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7.FC.05

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
F : Chromates
C : With PO4, AsO4, SiO4
43.4.3.1

43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
22.5.1

22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
5 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with chromate, molybdate, niobate or tantalate

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
VqlIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of VauqueliniteHide

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Adamantine, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Olive-green, apple-green, brown to nearly black
Streak:
Greenish or brownish
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.16 g/cm3 (Measured)    6.16 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of VauqueliniteHide

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Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2.11(2) nβ = 2.22(2) nγ = 2.22(2)
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.110
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
strong
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Light green
Y = Light brown
Z = Light brown
Comments:
2V = near zero.

Chemistry of VauqueliniteHide

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Mindat Formula:
Pb2Cu(CrO4)(PO4)(OH)
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Pb58.704 %
O20.398 %
Cu9.002 %
Cr7.366 %
P4.388 %
H0.143 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Crystallography of VauqueliniteHide

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Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.754(5) Å, b = 5.806(6) Å, c = 9.563(3) Å
β = 94.55°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.369 : 1 : 1.647
Unit Cell V:
761.25 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals commonly minute and frequently wedge-shaped; irregularly aggregated; and mammillary fibrous forms; reniform; botryoidal; granular, compact.
Twinning:
On {102}.
Comment:
Space Group: P21/n.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0010658VauqueliniteFanfani L, Zanazzi P F (1968) The crystal structure of vauquelinite and the relationships to fornacite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 126 433-443👁 Image
1968Beresov, Ural Mountains, Russia0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.271 Å(100B)
2.986 Å(80)
4.74 Å(70)
2.932 Å(70)
2.768 Å(70)
2.694 Å(70)
2.303 Å(70)
Comments:
Musonoi mine, Congo. The data are from Deliens (1978).

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Oxidation zone of some hydrothermal deposits.

Type Occurrence of VauqueliniteHide

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Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type material.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of VauqueliniteHide

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Other Language Names for VauqueliniteHide

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Relationship of Vauquelinite to other SpeciesHide

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Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
144 photos of Vauquelinite associated with CrocoitePbCr6+O4
48 photos of Vauquelinite associated with PyromorphitePb5(PO4)3Cl
28 photos of Vauquelinite associated with QuartzSiO2
15 photos of Vauquelinite associated with EmbreyitePb5(CrO4)2(PO4)2 · H2O
10 photos of Vauquelinite associated with MimetitePb5(AsO4)3Cl
9 photos of Vauquelinite associated with HemihedritePb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2
8 photos of Vauquelinite associated with CerussitePbCO3
8 photos of Vauquelinite associated with PhoenicochroitePb2(CrO4)O
8 photos of Vauquelinite associated with WulfenitePb(MoO4)
5 photos of Vauquelinite associated with TorberniteCu(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 12H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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7.FC.10FornacitePb2Cu(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.FC.10MolybdofornacitePb2Cu(MoO4,CrO4)(AsO4,PO4)(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.FC.15HemihedritePb10Zn(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
7.FC.15RaygrantitePb10Zn(SO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
7.FC.15IranitePb10Cu(CrO4)6(SiO4)2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
7.FC.20EmbreyitePb5(CrO4)2(PO4)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
7.FC.20CassedanneitePb5(CrO4)2(VO4)2 · H2OMon. 2/m

Other InformationHide

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Notes:
Partially soluble in HNO3.

Reported as an alteration product of pyromorphite and as incrustation pseudomorphs after dolomite.
Health Risks:
Contains lead and chromium. Do not inhale dust and wash hands after handling.

Internet Links for VauqueliniteHide

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mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4163.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

References for VauqueliniteHide

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Reference List:

Localities for VauqueliniteHide

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Showing 90 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
        • Broken Hill
          • Broken Hill South Mine (BHS Mine; South Mine)
Birch et al. (1997)
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Iron Knob
Pring et al. (2000)
  • Western Australia
    • City of Karratha
      • Whim Creek
Downes et al. (1998)
    • East Pilbara Shire
      • Newman
Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
Austria
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Liebenfels
        • Grassendorf
G. Blass (2001) +1 other reference
Brazil
  • Minas Gerais
Hintze: Handbuch der Mineralogie
Historical labels
Eberhard Reich info taken from old ...
Czech Republic
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
      • Lipová-lázně
Pauliš et al. (2023)
DR Congo
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kipushi Territory
      • Kipushi
Piret et al. (1985)
  • Lualaba
    • Mutshatsha
      • Kolwezi
Handbook of Mineralogy. +2 other references
France
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
        • Échassières
          • Montmins mining district
Queneau (n.d.)
    • Puy-de-Dôme
      • Riom
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Grand Est
    • Haut-Rhin
      • Colmar-Ribeauvillé
        • Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines
Wittern et al. (1997)
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Dordogne
      • Nontron
        • Nontron
Queneau (n.d.)
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • Najac
Queneau (n.d.)
Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Kolitsch et al. (2000)
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Bergstraße
        • Bensheim
          • Gronau
PETITJEAN collection
        • Lautertal (Odenwald)
          • Raidelbach
www.mindat.org (n.d.) +3 other references
O Dziallas collection
          • Reichenbach
            • Borstein
Collection of Steffen Michalski
Collection of Steffen Michalski
            • Hohenstein
Collection of Steffen Michalski
Petitjean et al. (2000)
Petitjean et al. (2000)
Collection of Steffen Michalski
Lapis (10)
Collection of Steffen Michalski
            • Teufelsstein
Collection of Steffen Michalski
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Cologne
      • Oberbergischer Kreis
        • Gummersbach
          • Niedergelpe
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony
    • Vogtlandkreis
      • Bösenbrunn
        • Schönbrunn
Wittern (2001)
    • Zwickau District
      • Callenberg
Leonhardt et al. (1991) +1 other reference
Greece
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lophos
          • Agrileza mines
Wendel et al. (1996) +1 other reference
Hungary
  • Fejér County
    • Székesfehérvár District
      • Szabadbattyán
Japan
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Yabu City
      • Oya-cho
staff.aist.go.jp (n.d.)
Kazakhstan
  • Karaganda Region
    • Karkaraly
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Shet District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Morocco
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Errachidia Province
      • Er-Rissani Cercle
        • Taouz Caïdat
          • Tadaout
Favreau (n.d.)
Namibia
  • Otjozondjupa Region
    • Omatako Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
Russia
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Verkhny Ufaley
Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data +1 other reference
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Milkovsky District
      • Tolbachik Volcanic field
        • Mountain 1004
Pekov et al. (2025)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Beryozovsky
American Mineralogist
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
        • Uspenskaya Hill
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
    • Verkhnyaya Pyshma
Dmitry A. Khanin
South Africa
  • Mpumalanga
    • Nkangala District Municipality
      • Victor Khanye Local Municipality
        • Delmas
Anthony et al. (2016)
Gulyaeva et al (1986)
            • Dwarsfontein Farm
              • Transvaal Mine
SAMS (South African Micromount Society)
SAMS (South African Micromount Society)
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Rustenburg Local Municipality
        • Rustenburg
          • Olifantspoort Farm
Wight (2002) +1 other reference
Thailand
  • Phang Nga Province
    • Thai Mueang
      • Lam Phi
        • Chang Non
Patrice Queneau Collection visual identification. Confirmed. Analyzed by Nicolas Meisser (Naturéum)
UK
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Lezant
Weiß et al. (2001) +1 other reference
      • St Hilary
Steve Rust collection.
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
Davies (1877) +2 other references
    • South Lanarkshire
Davies (1877) +2 other references
USA
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Tombstone Mining District
Raman identification by Dr. Yang
        • Silver Plume Mine
Marek Chorazewicz (2023)
    • La Paz County
      • Buckskin Mountains
Francis Sousa
    • Maricopa County
      • Belmont Mountains
Williams et al. (1970)
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
      • Osborn Mining District
        • Hummingbird Springs
Williams (1968) +3 other references
        • Tonopah
          • Belmont Mountain
Allen et al. (1988) +1 other reference
      • Vulture Mining District
Silliman (1881) +2 other references
Williams (1968) +3 other references
        • Vulture
Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference
    • Pinal County
      • Mammoth Mining District
        • Tiger
          • St. Anthony deposit
PXRD analyzed by Tony Kampf.
      • Tortilla Mountains
        • Ripsey Mining District
          • Ripsey Hill area
Williams et al. (1970) +1 other reference
  • California
    • San Bernardino County
      • Silver Lake Mining District
        • Soda Mountains
          • Baker
Kampf et al. (2010)
Thorne (n.d.)
Joe Marty specimens +1 other reference
in the collection of Eckhard D. Stuart
Housley R.
          • Zzyzx
mineralsocal.org (2020)
Collected by and in the collection of ...
  • Montana
    • Beaverhead County
      • Argenta Mining District
        • Argenta
          • Stapleton Gulch
www.mineralnews.com (2002)
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
      • Spring Mountains
        • Goodsprings Mining District
Marek Chorazewicz (2025)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Elko County
      • Spruce Mountain Mining District
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
    • Humboldt County
      • Iron Point Mining District
        • Valmy
Dr. William Wise presentation to the ...
    • Lincoln County
      • Delamar Mining District
Marek Chorazewicz (2025)
    • Nye County
      • Toquima Range
        • Belmont Mining District
          • Belmont
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New York
    • Westchester County
      • Ossining (Sing Sing)
Whitlock (1903)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Lancaster County
      • Pequea Township
Rocks & Minerals: 20: 319. +2 other references
  • Virginia
    • Louisa County
      • Gold-Pyrite Belt
Kearns +1 other reference
Quick NavTopAbout VauqueliniteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
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To cite: Ralph, J., Von Bargen, D., Martynov, P., Zhang, J., Que, X., Prabhu, A., Morrison, S. M., Li, W., Chen, W., & Ma, X. (2025). Mindat.org: The open access mineralogy database to accelerate data-intensive geoscience research. American Mineralogist, 110(6), 833–844. doi:10.2138/am-2024-9486.
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