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⇱ Voltaite: Mineral information, data and localities.

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Voltaite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About VoltaiteHide

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👁 06483340017271927638487.jpg
Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta
Formula:
K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Colour:
Green to greenish-black; oil-green to pale green in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Resinous
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
2.645
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
Named after Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745, Como, Italy - 5 March 1827, Como, Italy), physicist and pioneer in electricity who invented the electric battery.
Voltaite Group. The Fe2+ analogue of magnesiovoltaite, and K-Fe2+ analogue of ammoniomagnesiovoltaite.

Belongs to a group of ferrous-ferric sulfate minerals, together with bílinite, copiapite, römerite (purely Fe minerals), metavoltine, and pertlikite.

Some voltaites may be a sink of thallium (compare "monsmedite").


Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
4203
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4203:7

Similar NamesHide

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VilateiteA variety of PhosphosideriteFePO4 · 2H2O
ViolatiteA synonym of Augite
VoltziteA variety of Wurtzite(Zn,Fe,Mn) S [with O C H ]

IMA Classification of VoltaiteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of VoltaiteHide

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7.CC.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
29.9.1.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
9 : Miscellaneous
25.11.10

25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
VltIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
VltThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of VoltaiteHide

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Resinous
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Green to greenish-black; oil-green to pale green in transmitted light.
Streak:
Gray-green
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
2.645 g/cm3 (Measured)    2.663 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of VoltaiteHide

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RI values:
n = 1.593 - 1.608
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Comments:
Anomalously biaxial sectors.

Chemistry of VoltaiteHide

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Mindat Formula:
K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O52.044 %
Fe22.019 %
S18.964 %
K3.854 %
H1.788 %
Al1.330 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Crystallography of VoltaiteHide

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Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3c
Setting:
Fd3c
Cell Parameters:
a = 27.254(8) Å
Unit Cell V:
20,243.74 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Crystals (to 2 cm) are commonly octahedral and modified by the cube and dodecahedron. Other minor forms are rare. Granular, massive, and in efflorescences.(HoM)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0015642VoltaiteMereiter K (1972) Die kristallstruktur des voltaits, K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al[SO4]12*18H2O Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 18 185-20219720293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.54 Å(10)
3.41 Å(9)
5.57 Å(7)
3.04 Å(5)
9.66 Å(3)
6.79 Å(3)
3.15 Å(3)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):
Geological Setting:
Fumaroles, solfataras, mud volcanoes and as an alteration product of pyrite-rich deposits in arid regions.

Type Occurrence of VoltaiteHide

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Geological Setting of Type Material:
Solfatara
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of VoltaiteHide

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Other Language Names for VoltaiteHide

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Dutch:Voltaiet
German:Voltait
Simplified Chinese:绿钾铁矾
水钾铊矾
Spanish:Voltaita

Varieties of VoltaiteHide

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Thallian VoltaiteTwo varieties are recognized (Biagioni et al., 2020):

(1) (K1.94Tl0.28)Σ2.22(Fe2+3.57Mg0.94Mn0.55)Σ5.06Fe3+3.06Al0.98S11.92O48·18H2O;

(2) (K2.04Tl0.32)Σ2.36(Fe2+3.83Mg0.91Mn0.29)Σ5.03Fe3+3.05Al0.97S11.92O48·18H2O

Relationship of Voltaite to other SpeciesHide

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Member of:
Other Members of Voltaite Group:
Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite(NH4)2Mg2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
Ammoniovoltaite(NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
MagnesiovoltaiteK2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
PertlikiteK2(Fe2+,Mg)2(Mg,Fe3+)4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
ZincovoltaiteK2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c

Common AssociatesHide

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Associations Based on Photo Data:
83 photos of Voltaite associated with HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
43 photos of Voltaite associated with CoquimbiteAlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O
40 photos of Voltaite associated with RömeriteFe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O
17 photos of Voltaite associated with KhademiteAl(SO4)F · 5H2O
16 photos of Voltaite associated with CopiapiteFe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
12 photos of Voltaite associated with PyriteFeS2
9 photos of Voltaite associated with GoldichiteKFe(SO4)2 · 4H2O
7 photos of Voltaite associated with FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
6 photos of Voltaite associated with MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
5 photos of Voltaite associated with AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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7.CC.CobaltoblöditeNa2Co(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.AndychristyitePbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O)Tric. 1 : P1
7.CC.Ammoniovoltaite(NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18Iso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.05KrausiteKFe(SO4)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.CC.10TamarugiteNaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.15MendoziteNaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.15KaliniteKAl(SO4)2 · 11H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.20Alum-(Na)NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.CC.20Lonecreekite(NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.CC.20Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.CC.20Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.CC.20LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2OIso. m3(2/m3) : Pa3
7.CC.25ZincovoltaiteK2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.25MagnesiovoltaiteK2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.25PertlikiteK2(Fe2+,Mg)2(Mg,Fe3+)4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OTet. 4/mmm(4/m2/m2/m) : I41/acd
7.CC.25Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite(NH4)2Mg2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2OIso. m3m(4/m32/m) : Fd3c
7.CC.30KröhnkiteNa2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.35FerrinatriteNa3Fe(SO4)3 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.CC.40GoldichiteKFe(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.45LöweiteNa12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.CC.50NickelblöditeNa2Ni(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.50BlöditeNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.50ChangoiteNa2Zn(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.55LeoniteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
7.CC.55MereiteriteK2Fe(SO4)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
7.CC.60NickelpicromeriteK2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Nickelboussingaultite(NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Katerinopoulosite(NH4)2Zn(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60PicromeriteK2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
7.CC.60CyanochroiteK2Cu(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Mohrite(NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.60Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.65PolyhaliteK2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2OTric. 1
7.CC.70LeightoniteK2Ca2Cu(SO4)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.75AmarilliteNaFe(SO4)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.CC.80KonyaiteNa2Mg(SO4)2 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.CC.85WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)Orth.
7.CC.85XocolatliteCa2Mn4+2(Te6+O6)2 · H2OMon. 2/m : P2/m
7.CC.90Eckhardite(Ca,Pb)Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O)Mon. 2/m

RadioactivityHide

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Radioactivity:
Element % Content Activity (Bq/kg) Radiation Type
Uranium (U) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Thorium (Th) 0.0000% 0 α, β, γ
Potassium (K) 3.8540% 1,195 β, γ

For comparison:

  • Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
  • Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
  • EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg

Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.

Interactive Simulator:

Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!

Activity: –

DistanceDose rateRisk
1 cm
10 cm
1 m

The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).

D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for VoltaiteHide

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mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4203.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

References for VoltaiteHide

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Reference List:

Localities for VoltaiteHide

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Showing 150 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina
  • Catamarca Province
    • Andalgalá Department
      • Andalgalá
Brodtkorb (2002)
MARQUEZ-ZAVALIA +1 other reference
  • Jujuy Province
    • Santa Bárbara Department
      • Cerros de Santa Bárbara
        • El Palmar hot springs
Márquez-Zavalía et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Australia
  • Queensland
    • City of Mount Isa
      • Mount Isa
Sielecki (1988)
Sielecki (1985)
Austria
  • Styria
    • Leibnitz District
      • Leutschach an der Weinstraße
Taucher (1997)
    • Voitsberg District
      • Köflach
        • Köflach - Voitsberg lignite deposit
Exel (1993)
Walter et al. (1983)
Belgium
  • Wallonia
    • Hainaut
      • Fleurus
        • Soleilmont
Richard de Nul communication
Bolivia
  • Potosí
    • Tomás Frías Province
      • Potosí (Potosí Municipality)
Lindgren et al. (1928) +2 other references
Bulgaria
  • Montana Province
    • Chiprovtsi Municipality
Dimitrova +3 other references
Canada
  • Nova Scotia
    • Cape Breton Co.
Zodrow (1989)
  • Ontario
    • Algoma District
      • Nicolet Township
Sabina (1991)
Sabina (1991)
Sabina (1991)
Sabina (1991)
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
        • Hemlo gold deposit
Barrick Gold Corporation
Chile
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Mejillones
        • Mejillones peninsula
identified by Gerhard Möhn
      • Sierra Gorda
Kampf +4 other references
Malcherek et al. (2010)
        • Lomas Bayas mining district
Werthessen (2016)
Singer et al. (2008)
    • El Loa Province
      • Calama
        • Chuquicamata District
Anthony et al. (2003)
          • Toki Cu deposit (Toki Cluster)
Natural History Museum Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD on Arturo Molina material)
  • Atacama
    • Huasco Province
      • Alto del Carmen
Chouinard et al. (2005) +1 other reference
China
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Wuhai (Wuhai Prefecture)
      • Wuda District
Geological Society of America Abstracts ...
Stracher et al. (2005)
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
Yingxia Xu et al. (2007) +1 other reference
  • Yunnan
    • Baoshan
      • Tengchong County
        • Tengchong Volcanic Geothermal National Geological Park
Wen et al. (2020) +1 other reference
Costa Rica
  • Alajuela Province
    • Sarchí Canton
Rodríguez et al. (2017)
  • Cartago Province
    • Oreamuno Canton
      • Irazú Volcano
Ulloa et al. (2018)
Cyprus
  • Nicosia District
    • Skouriotissa
Dana 7:II: 465
Czech Republic
  • South Moravian Region
    • Brno-Country District
      • Zastávka
David Parfitt collection
France
  • Occitanie
    • Gard
      • Le Vigan
        • Montdardier
Chollet Pascal Collection +1 other reference
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Gap
        • La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar
Bourgoin et al. (2011)
Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Leonberg
          • Pfaffenreuth
Rank (1985)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Goslar
        • Rammelsberg
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Herne
        • Baukau
      • Olpe
        • Lennestadt
Collection Elmar Lackner
      • Soest
        • Rüthen
          • Kallenhardt
Rösler (1984)
    • Cologne
      • Aachen
        • Alsdorf
XRD analysis (T. Witzke) +3 other references
Košek (2018)
    • Münster
      • Recklinghausen
        • Marl
          • Hüls
Weiß (1990)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Harz
      • Oberharz am Brocken
        • Elbingerode
Lapis 2003 (2)
  • Saxony
    • Dresden
Thalheim +1 other reference
    • Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
      • Freital
        • Döhlen
Thalheim +1 other reference
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Kauern
Witzke et al. (1998)
      • Ronneburg
Witzke et al. (1998)
Greece
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Elaiochori
          • Dipseliza mines
Rieck (n.d.)
        • Plaka
Katerinopoulos et al. (1994)
Hanke et al. (1994) +2 other references
Rieck (n.d.)
Rieck et al. (2018)
        • Sounion
          • Cato Sounio mines
Rieck (n.d.)
Hungary
  • Baranya County
    • Pécs District
Szakáll et al. (2008)
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
      • Rudabánya
Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya
    • Miskolc District
      • Miskolc
ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII.
  • Heves County
    • Gyöngyös District
      • Mátraszentimre
collector: Gábor Koller +1 other reference
  • Pest County
    • Szob District
ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII.
Sánoor Szakáll et al. (1997)
Sánoor Szakáll et al. (1997)
  • Veszprém County
    • Tapolca District
      • Lesenceistvánd
ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII.
  • Zala County
    • Keszthely district
      • Rezi
ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII.
Iran
  • Hormozgan Province
    • Hajjiabad County
      • Hajjiabad
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Yazd Province
    • Ardakan County
      • Kharanaq District
        • Rabatat Rural District
          • Saghand
Bariand et al. (1977)
Italy
  • Campania
    • Metropolitan City of Naples
      • Bacoli
        • Miseno
Francesco Civero collection +1 other reference
      • Ercolano
Russo et al. (2004)
Russo
      • Pozzuoli
Russo et al. (2017)
Russo et al. (2017)
De Michele (1974)
Pelloux (1927) +1 other reference
  • Sicily
    • Metropolitan City of Messina
      • Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands)
        • Lipari
          • Vulcano Island
            • Porto Levante
              • Faraglioni di Levante
I. Campostrini et al. (1924)
PANICHI U. (1924)
PANICHI U. (1924)
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Montieri
Brizzi G.
      • Scansano
Brizzi G. & Meli R. (1995)
    • Livorno Province
      • Capoliveri
Göske et al. (1997)
    • Lucca Province
      • Fabbriche di Vergemoli
[var: Thallian Voltaite] Mauro (2020)
Biagioni et al. (2008) +2 other references
      • Stazzema
        • Sant'Anna di Stazzema
Biagioni et al. (2019) +1 other reference
Japan
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Okhotsk Subprefecture
      • Monbetsu City
- (n.d.) +1 other reference
    • Sorachi Subprefecture
      • Mikasa City
SHIMOBAYASHI et al. (2011)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Kagoshima District
      • Tokara Archipelago
Petrov (n.d.)
Lebanon
  • South Governorate
    • Jezzine District
Kruszewski (2019)
Mexico
  • Durango
    • Cuencamé Municipality
      • Velardeña District
        • Velardeña
Am Min (1931) +2 other references
Peru
  • Arequipa
    • Caylloma Province
      • Chivay District
Ciesielczuk et al. (2013)
Poland
  • Silesian Voivodeship
    • Rybnik County
      • Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny
Parafiniuk et al. (2009)
    • Wodzisław County
      • Radlin
Kruszewski et al. (2020)
Portugal
  • Beja
    • Aljustrel
      • Aljustrel e Rio de Moinhos
        • Aljustrel Mine
Miguel Rocha's mineral collection
Alves (n.d.)
  • Setúbal
    • Grândola
      • Azinheira dos Barros
Oliveira et al. (2024)
Romania
  • Maramureș County
    • Baia Sprie
      • Baia Sprie mine
Buzatu et al. (2012)
Russia
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Ust-Bolsheretsky District
Zhitova et al. (2023)
Slovakia
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Štiavnica District
    • Žiar nad Hronom District
      • Kremnica
Ďuďa (1993)
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Spain
  • Andalusia
    • Huelva
      • Minas de Riotinto
        • Rio Tinto Mines
Calvo (1999)
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Vallès Occidental
        • Montcada i Reixac
Joan Garcia (2013)
    • Tarragona
      • Priorat
        • La Vilella Alta
Joan Abella i Creus (Joanabellacreus@gmail.com)
Switzerland
  • Grisons
    • Albula Region
      • Schmitten
Zanelli et al. (2026)
  • Valais
    • Martigny
      • Mont Chemin mining district
Perroud et al. (1987) +2 other references
    • Saint-Maurice
      • Salvan
        • Les Marécottes
          • La Creusaz
Meisser (2012)
Tajikistan
  • Sughd
    • Ayni District
      • Fan-Jagnob coal deposit
PXRD (Lukasz Kruszewski)
UK
  • Scotland
    • City of Edinburgh
Livingstone et al. (1983)
    • Renfrewshire
Livingstone et al. (1983)
USA
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
Anthony et al. (1995) +1 other reference
Anthony et al. (1995)
        • Queen Hill
Merwin et al. (1937) +3 other references
    • Coconino County
      • San Franciscan volcanic field (San Francisco Peaks; San Francisco Mts)
Hanson et al. (2008)
    • Pinal County
      • Superior
Anthony et al. (1995) +1 other reference
    • Yavapai County
      • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
        • Verde Mining District
          • Jerome
Anderson (1927) +4 other references
  • California
    • Alpine County
      • Monitor - Mogul Mining District
        • Leviathan Peak
Dan Weinrich / Ralph Merrill Collection
    • Contra Costa County
      • Clayton
        • Mount Diablo (Mt Diablo)
Murdoch (1966) +2 other references
    • Imperial County
      • Niland
Adams et al. (2014)
      • Salton Sea
Adams et al. (2014)
    • Inyo County
      • Coso Hot Springs
www.mineralsocal.org (1999)
    • Napa County
      • Knoxville Mining District
        • Knoxville
Melville et al. (1890) +2 other references
    • San Benito County
      • Idria (New Idria)
Pemberton (1983) +2 other references
    • San Bernardino County
      • Calico Mts (Calico Hills)
        • Calico District (Daggett District; Calico-Daggett area)
          • Calico
part 2 +6 other references
    • Shasta County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • West Shasta Copper - Zinc Mining District
          • Iron Mountain [town]
            • Iron Mountain
King et al. (1991) +2 other references
Jamieson et al. (2005)
      • Lassen Volcanic National Park
        • Lassen Peak
…Volcano Letter o. 293: 1-3 1930: 118 +3 other references
    • Sonoma County
      • West Mayacmas Mining District
Allen (1927) +2 other references
          • Geyser Canyon (Geyser Creek Canyon)
Vonsen (1941) +3 other references
  • Kentucky
    • Lincoln County
MinRec 28 (5)
Goldstein (2006)
  • Missouri
    • Wayne County
Sherwood et al. (1998)
  • Montana
    • Silver Bow County
      • Butte Mining District (Summit Valley Mining District)
Guilbert and Zeihen 1964 +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Clark County
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Elko County
      • Bootstrap Mining District
Barrick Gold Corporation
    • Nye County
      • Lodi Hills
        • Lodi Mining District
          • Quartz Mountain camp
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
  • New Mexico
    • Santa Fe County
      • La Bajada Mining District
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • Ohio
    • Huron County
      • Huron River
Richards et al. (2017)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Columbia County
STRACHER et al. (2007)
  • Tennessee
    • Monroe County
      • Tellico Plains
Paris (2011)
  • Utah
    • Beaver County
      • San Francisco Mining District
        • Frisco
Mike Scott S101981 fm Cureton #FUO
    • Emery County
      • Calf Mesa Mining District
Bullock (1981)
Rosenzweig et al. (1955) +1 other reference
    • Juab County
      • East Tintic Mountains
Bullock (1981)
    • San Juan County
      • Red Canyon Mining District
In the collection of Alex Earl +1 other reference
    • Utah County
      • East Tintic Mountains
Bullock (1981)
  • Virginia
    • Wise County
      • Big Stone Gap
Dietrich (1990)
Dietrich (1990)
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