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⇱ Wroewolfeite: Mineral information, data and localities.

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Wroewolfeite

A valid IMA mineral species
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About WroewolfeiteHide

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Formula:
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Colour:
Intense blue-green, bluish
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
2½
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in honour of Dr. Caleb Wroe Wolfe (22 October 1908, Washington, D.C., USA - 17 July 1980), American crystallographer and Professor of Geology at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, who was also a systematic mineralogist interested in granite pegmatite phosphates. The mineral wolfeite is also named after him.
Dimorph of:
A rare copper sulphate hydrate that generally forms at low temperatures (Yoder et al., 2007). Compare also posnjakite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
4315
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4315:7

IMA Classification of WroewolfeiteHide

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Approved
Approval year:
1973

Classification of WroewolfeiteHide

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7.DD.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
31.4.2.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : (AB)4(XO4)Zq·xH2O
25.2.10

25 : Sulphates
2 : Sulphates of Cu and Ag

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
WwfIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of WroewolfeiteHide

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Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Intense blue-green, bluish
Streak:
Blue-green
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale

Optical Data of WroewolfeiteHide

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Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.637 nβ = 1.682 nγ = 1.694
2V:
Measured: 53° , Calculated: 52°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.057
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak

Chemistry of WroewolfeiteHide

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Mindat Formula:
Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Cu52.053 %
O39.317 %
S6.566 %
H2.064 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Crystallography of WroewolfeiteHide

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Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Pm
Cell Parameters:
a = 6.045(1) Å, b = 5.646(1) Å, c = 14.337(6) Å
β = 93.39(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.071 : 1 : 2.539
Unit Cell V:
488.47 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Tabular, ruler- or sword-shaped, blocky, prismatic.
Twinning:
By reflection on {001} and {100}, yielding fourlings.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0001001WroewolfeiteHawthorne F C, Groat L A (1985) The crystal structure of wroewolfeite, a mineral with [Cu4(OH)6(SO4)(H2O)] sheets American Mineralogist 70 1050-1055👁 Image
19850293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
7.152 Å(100)
3.581 Å(70)
2.628 Å(35)
2.431 Å(20)
2.379 Å(20)
2.278 Å(20)
2.004 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):

Type Occurrence of WroewolfeiteHide

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Synonyms of WroewolfeiteHide

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Other Language Names for WroewolfeiteHide

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Simplified Chinese:斜蓝铜矾
Spanish:Wroewolfeita
Traditional Chinese:斜藍銅礬

Common AssociatesHide

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Associations Based on Photo Data:
14 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6
14 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with LautenthalitePbCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2O
9 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2O
7 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with LinaritePbCu(SO4)(OH)2
7 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with QuartzSiO2
6 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
6 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with SusannitePb4(CO3)2(SO4)(OH)2
5 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with CerussitePbCO3
5 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
5 photos of Wroewolfeite associated with Ferriallanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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7.DD.AsagiiteNiCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.05FelsőbányaiteAl4(SO4)(OH)10 · 4H2OMon. 2 : P21
7.DD.07LlantenesiteCu6Al[SeO4](OH)12Cl · 3H2OTrig. 3m : P31c
7.DD.10LangiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · 2H2OMon. m
7.DD.10FehriteMgCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.10PosnjakiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6 · H2OMon. m : Pm
7.DD.10GobeliniteCoCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DD.15KobyasheviteCu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.15SpangoliteCu6Al(SO4)(OH)12Cl · 3H2OTrig. 3m : P31c
7.DD.15'Unnamed (Dimorph of Devilline)'CaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.20KtenasiteZnCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.25ChristeliteCu2Zn3(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.30EdwardsiteCu3Cd2(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2O Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.30NiedermayriteCdCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/m
7.DD.30SerpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : B2/b
7.DD.30CampigliaiteMn2+Cu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 4H2OMon. 2 : B2
7.DD.30OrthoserpieriteCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OOrth. mm2 : Pca21
7.DD.30DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.35ShigaiteMn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DD.35Zincaluminite(Zn1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2O
7.DD.35ZincowoodwarditeZn1-xAlx(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
7.DD.35NatroglaucoceriniteZn6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OHex.
7.DD.35Hydrowoodwardite(Cu1-xAlx)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
7.DD.35Honessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2[SO4]x/2 · nH2OTrig.
7.DD.35Carrboydite(Ni1-xAlx)(SO4)x/2(OH)2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35WermlanditeMg7Al2(OH)18[Ca(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m(32/m) : P3c1
7.DD.35NikischeriteFe2+6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6](SO4)2 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
7.DD.35Hydrohonessite(Ni1-xFe3+x)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.35WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2OTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
7.DD.35MotukoreaiteMg6Al3(OH)18[Na(H2O)6][SO4]2 · 6H2OTrig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
7.DD.35Mountkeithite[(Mg1-xFe3+x)(OH)2][SO4]x/2 · nH2OHex.
7.DD.40Lawsonbauerite(Mn2+,Mg)9Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.40Torreyite(Mg,Mn2+)7◻2Mn2+2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)22 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.40IsseliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10(H2O)4 · H2OOrth. mm2 : Pmn21
7.DD.45MooreiteMg9◻2Mn2Zn4(SO4)2(OH)26 · 8H2OMon. 2/m : P2/b
7.DD.45Hodgesmithite(Cu,Zn)6Zn(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.47LahnsteiniteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1
7.DD.50NamuwiteZn4(SO4)(OH)6 · 4H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.50Minohlite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 8H2OHex.
7.DD.52LauraniiteCu6Cd2(SO4)2(OH)12 · 5H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.55BechereriteZn7Cu(OH)13[(SiO(OH)3(SO4)]Trig. 3 : P3
7.DD.60Ramsbeckite(Cu,Zn)15(SO4)4(OH)22 · 6H2OMon. 2/m
7.DD.65VonbezingiteCa6Cu3(SO4)3(OH)12 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.70RedgilliteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.75NickelalumiteNiAl4(SO4)(OH)12(H2O)3Mon. 2/m
7.DD.75KyrgyzstaniteZnAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
7.DD.75ChalcoalumiteCuAl4(SO4)(OH)12 · 3H2OMon. 2 : P21
7.DD.80Schulenbergite(Cu,Zn)7(SO4)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3
7.DD.80'UM1992-30-SO:CCuHZn'(Zn,Cu)7(SO4,CO3)2(OH)10 · 3H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.80ThérèsemagnaniteNaCo4(SO4)(OH)6Cl · 6H2OTrig. 3 : P3
7.DD.80GuarinoiteZn6(SO4)(OH)10 · 5H2OHex.
7.DD.85MontetrisaiteCu6(SO4)(OH)10 · 2H2OOrth. mm2 : Cmc21

Other InformationHide

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Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for WroewolfeiteHide

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mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4315.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

References for WroewolfeiteHide

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Reference List:

Localities for WroewolfeiteHide

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Showing 121 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
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Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
  • New South Wales
    • Kennedy Co.
      • Condobolin district
Jim Sharpe coll.
  • Queensland
    • Mareeba Shire
Harris et al. (2003)
Austria
  • Carinthia
    • Sankt Veit an der Glan District
      • Guttaring
        • Waitschach
Kolitsch et al. (2013)
    • Villach-Land District
      • Finkenstein am Faaker See
        • Mallestiger Mittagskogel
Puttner (1996)
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Kaprun
Kolitsch et al. (2009)
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
            • Schwarzleo mining district
Meixner (1976) +1 other reference
      • Rauris
Kolitsch (2014)
  • Styria
    • Liezen District
      • Admont
        • Johnsbach
          • Severinggraben
Neschen (n.d.)
      • Öblarn
        • Walchen
Kolitsch (2013)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Vals
        • Innervals
- (1997)
    • Kufstein District
- (1994, July) +1 other reference
      • Reith im Alpbachtal
        • Geyer - Silberberg District
          • Silberberg
Schnorrer et al. (2002)
      • Wildschönau
C.Auer (2021)
    • Schwaz District
      • Finkenberg
        • Schrammacher
- (1997)
  • Vorarlberg
    • Bludenz District
      • Silbertal
        • Fresch alp
Kolitsch (2014)
Belgium
  • Wallonia
    • Luxembourg
Hatert et al. (2002)
Hatert et al. (2000) +1 other reference
      • Bertrix
Dehove (2006)
Michel Bloindieau
        • Cahay
José Dehove collection.
Canada
  • Nova Scotia
    • Halifax Co.
      • Musquodoboit Harbour
nsminerals.atspace.com (2005)
China
  • Guangdong
    • Shaoguan
      • Qujiang District
Liu et al. (2018)
France
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Loire
      • Roanne
        • Le Crozet
Vernay (1997) +1 other reference
    • Rhône
      • Villefranche-sur-Saône
        • Les Ardillats
Favreau G. et al. (1996)
        • Poule-les-Écharmeaux
Chollet Pascal Collection
    • Savoie
      • Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne
        • Épierre
De Ascencao Guedes R. (2001)
  • Brittany
    • Finistère
      • Châteaulin
        • Poullaouen
Germain C. et al. (1990)
  • Grand Est
    • Haut-Rhin
      • Thann-Guebwiller
        • Steinbach
          • Silberthal
Mines
  • Occitanie
    • Ariège
      • Saint-Girons
Michel Lemonnier collection
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Var
      • Toulon
        • Le Pradet
Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Badenweiler
Schlomann et al. (1990)
      • Lörrach
        • Todtnau
Walenta (1992)
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Gengenbach
          • Gengenbach
[Wittern (1995)
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992)
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Freudenstadt
        • Baiersbronn
          • Schönegründ
  • Hesse
    • Kassel Region
      • Waldeck-Frankenberg
        • Vöhl
          • Thalitter
Wittern (2001)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
        • Oberschulenberg
Wittern et al. (1986)
"Lithothek" collection of the ...
      • Langelsheim
        • Astfeld
van den Berg et al. (1990)
        • Grane Reservoir
van den Berg et al. (1990)
        • Lautenthal
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Hochsauerlandkreis
        • Bestwig
          • Ramsbeck
Weiß (1990)
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
          • Niederschelden
Heinrich et al. (2011)
    • Cologne
      • Euskirchen
        • Kall
Blaß et al. (1995)
    • Düsseldorf
      • Mettmann
        • Wülfrath
          • Rohdenhaus
Manfred Hermes collection
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Adenau
        • Dümpelfeld
          • Lückenbach
Schüller et al. (2013)
    • Neuwied
      • Unkel
        • Rheinbreitbach
          • Virneberg Mine
Habel (2006) +1 other reference
    • Rhein-Lahn-Kreis
Weiß (1990)
      • Lahnstein
        • Friedrichssegen
Der Aufschluss Vol.55
  • Saxony-Anhalt
    • Harz
      • Harzgerode
        • Straßberg
Gröbner et al. (2011)
  • Saxony
    • Vogtlandkreis
Gröbner et al. (2007) +1 other reference
  • Thuringia
    • Greiz District
      • Ronneburg
Witzke et al. (1998)
Greece
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
          • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
  • Eastern Macedonia and Thrace
    • Evros
      • Alexandroupoli
        • Kirki Mines
Triantafyllidis et al. (2006)
Ireland
  • Connacht
    • Mayo County
Moreton et al. (1992)
  • Leinster
    • Wicklow County
      • Glendasan
Moreton et al. (2007)
Italy
  • Lazio
    • Metropolitan City of Rome Capital
      • Anzio
Marco Bonifazi collection
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
Pagano et al. (2001)
        • Reppia
Redazione (2005)
    • Savona Province
      • Murialdo
        • Pastori
Found by C. Balestra and probed by A.R. ...
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Roburent
Piccoli et al. (2007)
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Fluminimaggiore
Sabelli et al. (1988)
Stara et al. (1996)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Campiglia Marittima
Chinellato Matteo
      • Piombino
Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek
Japan
  • Akita Prefecture
    • Daisen City
Yamada et al. (2000) +1 other reference
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
Yamada (2004)
Namibia
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Bowell et al. (2018)
Norway
  • Agder
    • Froland
      • Bøylestad Kobberverk
Raade et al. (1990)
  • Buskerud
    • Drammen
      • Konnerud
Raade (1995)
Nilsen (1993)
Nilsen (1993)
Poland
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Polkowice County
      • Gmina Polkowice
        • Komorniki
Łukasz Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data (2018)
Portugal
  • Beja
    • Almodôvar
      • Almodôvar e Graça dos Padrões
        • Brancanes
Oliveira et al. (2025)
Romania
  • Arad County
    • Hălmagiu
      • Brusturi
Coll. G.Koller
Slovakia
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Revúca District
      • Nandraž
Koděra (1986)
South Africa
  • Mpumalanga
    • Nkangala District Municipality
      • Victor Khanye Local Municipality
        • Delmas
Cairncross et al. (1995)
            • Dwarsfontein Farm
              • Transvaal Mine
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Sweden
  • Västmanland County
    • Skinnskatteberg
      • Riddarhyttan
Öhman et al. (2004)
Switzerland
  • Valais
    • Entremont
      • Orsières
Cuchet et al. (2012)
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Grimentz
Ansermet (2012)
        • Saint-Luc
Ansermet (2012)
Ansermet (2012)
Ansermet (2012)
UK
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Calstock
        • Gunnislake
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Cleer
        • Craddock Moor
Thorne (n.d.)
      • St Hilary
Betterton (1989) +1 other reference
    • County Durham
      • Healeyfield
Norman Wilson collection +1 other reference
    • Cumbria
      • Allerdale
        • Caldbeck
- (2006) +1 other reference
- (2006)
          • Roughton Gill
Cooper et al. (1990) +1 other reference
Cooper et al. (1990)
Stanley et al. (1991)
      • Eden
        • Alston Moor
          • Garrigill
Braithwaite (1982)
    • Devon
      • West Devon
        • Mary Tavy
Braithwaite (1982)
    • Shropshire
      • Worthen with Shelve
        • Shelve
Embrey (1978) +1 other reference
  • Scotland
    • Dumfries and Galloway
      • Blackcraig
Livingstone et al. (1976) +1 other reference
      • Wanlockhead
Green (1987) +2 other references
S.Rust Collection
  • Wales
    • Ceredigion
      • Ceulanymaesmawr
        • Tal-y-bont
Embrey (1978) +1 other reference
Rust et al. (1988)
      • Cwmrheidol
        • Ystumtuen
      • Trefeirig
        • Goginan
        • Pen-bont Rhydybeddau
Day (1999)
      • Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn
        • Pontrhydygroes
Green et al. (1996) +2 other references
      • Ysbyty Ystwyth
    • Gwynedd
      • Brithdir and Llanfachreth
Day (1999)
      • Llanelltyd
        • Vigra Mine
Day (1999)
      • Llanllyfni
        • Nantlle Vale
Braithwaite (1982)
    • Powys
      • Machynlleth
        • Dylife
Day (1999)
USA
  • California
    • Plumas County
      • Last Chance Mining District
        • Adams Peak
Dunning et al. (2005)
  • Massachusetts
    • Hampshire County
      • Easthampton
Dunn et al. (1975)
  • Michigan
    • Marquette County
      • Powell Township
        • Ishpeming Greenstone belt (Marquette Greenstone belt)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
  • Montana
    • Granite County
      • Philipsburg Mining District (Flint Creek Mining District)
Gobla (2012) +1 other reference
  • Nevada
    • Pershing County
      • Antelope Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Hampshire
    • Coos County
      • Gorham
A. Plante collection
  • North Carolina
    • Haywood County
      • Waterville Lake
A. Kampf 2-2018
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