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⇱ Baryte: Mineral information, data and localities.

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Baryte

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Niels Brouwer

About BaryteHide

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Formula:
BaSO4
As a Commodity:
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)
Lustre:
Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
3
Specific Gravity:
4.50
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1800 by Dietrich Ludwig Gustav Karsten from the Greek βαρύς, heavy, due to its unusual heaviness for a non-metallic mineral.
Note. Although frequently spelled barite in the US and some other places, the official IMA spelling is baryte.

Baryte Group. Baryte-Celestine Series.
The barium analogue of celestine and anglesite.

Typically found as thick to thin tabular crystals, usually in clusters with the crystals growing parallel to one another, or nearly so. Also as bladed, white masses.




Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:
549
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:549:0

Similar NamesHide

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BaieriteA synonym of 'Columbite'
BaueriteSiO2
BiraiteA synonym
Biraite-(Ce)A valid IMA mineral speciesCe2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3)
Biraite-(La)A valid IMA mineral speciesLa2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)
BortA variety of DiamondC

IMA Classification of BaryteHide

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Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Ba(SO4)

Classification of BaryteHide

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7.AD.35

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
Dana 7th ed.:
28.3.1.1
28.3.1.1

28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
3 : AXO4
25.4.17

25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba

Mineral SymbolsHide

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As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
BrtIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
BrtKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
BrtSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
BrtWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
BrtThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download
BrtWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Pronunciation of BaryteHide

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Pronunciation:
PlayRecorded byCountry
Jolyon RalphUnited Kingdom

Physical Properties of BaryteHide

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Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent, Opaque
Comment:
Vitreous to Resinous, Pearly on cleavage surfaces.
Colour:
Colourless, white, yellow, brown, grey, blue, etc.; colourless in transmitted light (also tinted yellow, brown, green, blue, etc.)
Streak:
White
Hardness:
Hardness Data:
Measured
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}; less so on {210}; Imperfect on {010}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.50 g/cm3 (Measured)    4.50 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of BaryteHide

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Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.636 nβ = 1.637 nγ = 1.648
2V:
Measured: 36° to 42°, Calculated: 36° to 40°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars.

Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak r > v
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = b; Z = a.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Brown: X = Straw-yellow, Y = Wine-yellow, Z = Violet;
Yellow: X = Light yellow-brown, Y = Yellow-brown, Z = Brown;
Green: X = Nearly colourless, Y = Light green, Z = Amethyst;
Blue-green: X = Blue-violet, Y = Bluish green, Z = Violet
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.

Chemistry of BaryteHide

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Mindat Formula:
BaSO4
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Ba58.840 %
O27.421 %
S13.739 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Chemical AnalysisHide

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Oxide wt%:
 1
BaO62.46 %
SrO0.35 %
SO333.08 %
Fe2O30.25 %
SiO20.25 %
H2O2.00 %
Total:98.39 %

Crystallography of BaryteHide

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Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Setting:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.884(2) Å, b = 5.457(3) Å, c = 7.157(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.628 : 1 : 1.312
Unit Cell V:
346.97 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Usually thin to thick tabular {001}, bounded by {210} alone or in combination with {101}, {011} or other forms. Also flattened {001}, and elongated to prismatic [010] or [100]. More rarely prismatic [001], or equant. Often as aggregates or clusters of tabular crystals with edges projecting into crest-like forms, or as rosettes. Also found as massive material, compact, laminated or concretionary; and in fibrous, stalactic, and earthy masses.

Crystallographic forms of BaryteHide

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Crystal Atlas:
Image Loading
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Barite no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.28 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.35 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.62 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Barite no.325 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005560BaryteJacobsen S D, Smyth J R, Swope R J, Downs R T (1998) Rigid-body character of the SO4 groups in celestine, anglesite and barite The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1053-1060👁 Image
19980293
0000663BaryteMiyake M, Minato I, Morikawa H, Iwai S I (1978) Crystal structure and sulphate force constants of barite, celesite, and anglesite American Mineralogist 63 506-510👁 Image
19780293
0005145BaryteHill R J (1977) A further refinement of the barite structure The Canadian Mineralogist 15 522-526👁 Image
19770293
0000164BaryteColville A A, Staudhammer K (1967) A refinement of the structure of barite from Cow Green mine American Mineralogist 52 1877-1880👁 Image
19670293
0017447BaryteJames R (1925) The Crystal Structures of Barytes, Celestine and Anglesite _cod_database_code 1010542 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A109 598-62019250293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Loading XRD data...
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.90 Å(50)
3.45 Å(100)
3.32 Å(70)
3.10 Å(100)
2.84 Å(50)
2.73 Å(50)
2.12 Å(80)
2.11 Å(80)

Geological EnvironmentHide

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Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
14 : Hot springs, geysers, and other subaerial geothermal minerals
17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust>4.4-3.0
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks
Near-surface Processes
24 : Authigenic minerals in terrestrial sediments (see also #17)
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]
46 : Near-surface hydrothermal alteration of minerals (see also #22)
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere<0.6
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44)<0.54
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals<0.36
53 : Other minerals with taphonomic origins<0.4
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals
Geological Setting:
Commonly found as a gangue mineral in metallic ore deposits of epithermal or mesothermal origin; but it may also be found as lenses or replacement deposits in sedimentary rocks, both of hypogene and supergene origin.

Synonyms of BaryteHide

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Other Language Names for BaryteHide

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Arabic:باريت
Bosnian:Barit
Catalan:Baritina
Czech:Baryt
Dutch:Bariet
Galician:Barita
Hebrew:בריט
Hungarian:Barit
Icelandic:Barít
Japanese:重晶石
Lithuanian:Baritas
Polish:Baryt
Portuguese:Barite
Romanian:Baritină
Russian:Барит
Serbian:Барит
Simplified Chinese:重晶石
Slovak:Barit
Slovenian:Barit
Turkish:Barit
Ukrainian:Барит

Varieties of BaryteHide

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Angleso-bariteA lead-bearing variety of baryte.
Compare the lead end member anglesite.
Baryte RoseRose-like aggregate of tabular baryte crystals.

See also Desert Rose.
Ca- and Sr-rich Baryte
CalcareobariteA calcium-bearng variety of baryte.
Celestobarite (of Dana)A strontium-bearing variety of Baryte.
Cerium-bearing BariteContains 11 wt.% Ce2O3. From xenocrysts in kimberlites, associated with 'UM1984-36-SiO:CaNaZr' and banded Zr-Fe titanates.
HepatiteA variety of baryte that emits a fetid odour when struck. [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"]
HokutoliteA Pb2+-rich (plumboan) variety of baryte deposited by very acid hot springs. Generally also contains minor strontium and minute traces of radium, making recently deposited hokutolite mildly radioactive (although this disappears over time and is no longer ...
MeißelspatGerman name for chisel-shaped baryte crystals.
MesserspatGerman name for bladed baryte crystals.
Literally 'knife spar'.
OakstoneA pseudostalactitic banded variety of crystalline Baryte.
Originally reported from Middleton Common, Middleton, Youlgrave, Derbyshire, England, UK.
Radium-bearing BariteA "variety" of baryte containing trace amounts of radium.
The activity of 226Ra in the material from Ohře Rift area, Czech Republic, may reach 8 Bq/g. Scaly precipitates on oil industry equipment may show a radioactivity as high as 103 Bq/g (Ulrych et a...
SchohariteAn impure, fibrous Baryte.
Originally reported from Old Strontian Mine, Schoharie Township, Schoharie County, New York, USA.
Strontium-bearing BaryteA Sr-bearing variety of baryte.
Belongs to the Ba-dominant part of the Baryte-Celestine series.

Compare Barium-rich Celestine.

Relationship of Baryte to other SpeciesHide

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Member of:
Other Members of Baryte Group:
AnglesitePbSO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
CelestineSrSO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
HashemiteBaCr6+O4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

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Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
6,115 photos of Baryte associated with FluoriteCaF2
3,514 photos of Baryte associated with CalciteCaCO3
3,131 photos of Baryte associated with QuartzSiO2
1,446 photos of Baryte associated with PyriteFeS2
1,251 photos of Baryte associated with SphaleriteZnS
1,203 photos of Baryte associated with GalenaPbS
1,053 photos of Baryte associated with VanadinitePb5(VO4)3Cl
989 photos of Baryte associated with DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
841 photos of Baryte associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
748 photos of Baryte associated with CerussitePbCO3

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

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7.AD.BubnovaiteK2Na8Ca(SO4)6Trig. 3m : P31c
7.AD.DobrovolskyiteNa4Ca(SO4)3Trig. 3 : R3
7.AD.CalciolangbeiniteK2Ca2(SO4)3 Iso. 23 : P213
7.AD.MurphyitePb(Te6+O4)Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.AD.CuprodobrovolskyiteNa4Cu(SO4)3Trig. 3 : R3
7.AD.KristjániteKNa2H(SO4)2Mon. 2/m
7.AD.05Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.05ArcaniteK2SO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
7.AD.10MercalliteKHSO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
7.AD.15MiseniteK8H6(SO4)7Mon.
7.AD.20Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2Tric.
7.AD.25ThénarditeNa2SO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Fddd
7.AD.25GlauberiteNa2Ca(SO4)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.AD.30MetathénarditeNa2SO4Hex. 6/mmm(6/m2/m2/m) : P63/mmc
7.AD.30AnhydriteCaSO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
7.AD.35CelestineSrSO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.35OlsacheritePb2(Se6+O4)(SO4)Orth.
7.AD.35AnglesitePbSO4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.AD.40KalistrontiteK2Sr(SO4)2Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
7.AD.40PalmieriteK2Pb(SO4)2Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
7.AD.45IvsiteNa3H(SO4)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
7.AD.55MarkhininiteTlBi(SO4)2Tric. 1 : P1

Fluorescence of BaryteHide

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Shades of yellow, occasionally orange or pink (LW UV). Shades of yellow, white (Franklin & Sterling Hill, NJ). May phosphoresce strongly greenish-white.

Other InformationHide

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Magnetism:
Diamagnetic
Thermal Behaviour:
Inverts to another (monoclinic?) polymorph when heated to 1149°C. Above 1400°C decomposition to barium oxide, sulphur dioxide and oxygen.
Thermoluminescent at times.
Notes:
Insoluble in water, acids, and bases. Moderately soluble in hot, concentrated sulphuric acid, due to the formation of the hydrogen sulphate.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Used as an additive in drilling fluids, as a white pigment, e. g. in cosmetic products and in paints, and as a filling material for polymers and papers, high contrast medium for medical X-rays. Also the main source of barium.

Baryte in petrologyHide

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An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.

Internet Links for BaryteHide

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mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-549.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

References for BaryteHide

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Reference List:

Significant localities for BaryteHide

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Showing 72 significant localities out of 14,681 recorded on mindat.org.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Worner et al. (1982)
  • Queensland
    • City of Mount Isa
      • Mount Isa
        • Mount Isa Mines
R Bottrill collection +1 other reference
  • South Australia
    • Pastoral Unincorporated Area
      • Olympic Dam
USGS Open File Report 81-1666 +6 other references
  • Tasmania
    • West Coast municipality
      • Rosebery district
        • Rosebery
Brathwaite (1969) +4 other references
Austria
  • Carinthia
    • Villach-Land District
      • Bad Bleiberg
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
Belgium
  • Wallonia
    • Hainaut
      • Chimay
        • Lompret
Harjo Neutkens collection. +1 other reference
    • Namur
      • Doische
Harjo Neutkens collection.
Canada
  • British Columbia
    • Greenwood Mining Division
      • Grand Forks
Rocks & Minerals (xxxx) +3 other references
  • Nova Scotia
    • Hants Co.
      • Walton
Jambor et al. (1965) +4 other references
  • Québec
    • Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean
      • Le Fjord-du-Saguenay RCM
        • Saint-Honoré
          • Saint-Honoré carbonatite complex
Kennedy et al. (1981)
DR Congo
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kambove Territory
      • Kambove
Deliens (1996) +1 other reference
France
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Brioude
        • Langeac
          • Marsanges
J.-J. Périchaud: "Les Minéraux ...
    • Puy-de-Dôme
      • Clermont-Ferrand
        • Saint-Saturnin
Belot (1978) +1 other reference
  • Occitanie
    • Gard
      • Le Vigan
        • Montdardier
Gol et al. (2010)
Gol (1996) +1 other reference
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Gap
        • Esparron
Thierry JEAN
    • Var
      • Draguignan
        • Tanneron
Belot (1978) +1 other reference
Germany
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta et al. (1984) +2 other references
  • Schleswig-Holstein
    • Helgoland
Markus Gerstmann - Collection
Markus Gerstmann - Collection
Ireland
  • Leinster
    • Longford County
      • Ballymahon
        • Keel
Flannery (n.d.) +2 other references
  • Munster
    • Tipperary County
      • Silvermines District
Flannery (n.d.) +3 other references
Gasparrini (1978) +5 other references
Italy
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Carbonia
        • Barbusi
Marco Macchieraldo collection +2 other references
  • Tuscany
    • Lucca Province
      • Stazzema
        • Pontestazzemese
Orlandi et al. (2004)
        • Sant'Anna di Stazzema
D'Achiardi (1872-73)
Morocco
  • Oriental Region
    • Nador Province
      • Guelaia Cercle
Jordi Fabre specimens +1 other reference
Namibia
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Oranjemund Constituency
      • Rosh Pinah
King et al. (1989) +2 other references
Norway
  • Telemark
    • Bamble
      • Tråk (Tråg)
Vogt (1908) +3 other references
Peru
  • Ancash
    • Bolognesi Province
      • Huallanca District
        • Huanzala
Hyrsl et al. (2003)
  • Huancavelica
    • Angaraes Province
      • Ccochaccasa District
Crowley et al. (1997)
  • La Libertad
    • Santiago de Chuco Province
      • Quiruvilca District
Crowley et al. (1997)
Poland
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Jawor County
      • Gmina Męcinka
        • Pomocne
Kowalski et al. (1982)
Romania
  • Maramureș County
    • Baia Sprie
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Slovakia
  • Trenčín Region
    • Ilava District
      • Horné Srnie
Gramblička R. (2006)
South Africa
  • Gauteng
    • West Rand District Municipality
      • Far West Rand
        • Western Sector
          • Carletonville
Cairncross et al. (2001) +1 other reference
Spain
  • Asturias
    • Corvera de Asturias
      • El Pontón de Solís
Calvo et al. (2006) +1 other reference
    • Llanera
      • Villabona
Milá et al. (1992) +1 other reference
  • Basque Country
    • Guipúzcoa (Gipuzkoa)
      • Zerain
Calvo Rebollar (2014)
  • Cantabria
    • Torrelavega
      • Viérnoles
Calvo Rebollar (2014)
  • Castile and Leon
    • León
      • Pola de Gordón
Calvo Rebollar (2014)
UK
  • England
    • County Durham
      • Lunedale
Dunham K C. 1990. Geology of the ...
    • Cumbria
      • Copeland
        • Arlecdon & Frizington
          • Frizington
Day (1999)
Clark et al. (1985) +1 other reference
      • Eden
        • Murton
          • Scordale
Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ... +1 other reference
    • Devon
      • East Devon
        • Sidmouth
Corrie et al. (2003)
    • North Yorkshire
      • Richmondshire
        • Arkengarthdale
          • Langthwaite
Specimens offered by Lawsons from ... +1 other reference
          • Whaw
            • Northside Mines
Dunham Sir K C. Geology of the Northern ...
  • Scotland
    • Stirling
Dr Stephen Moreton
Ukraine
  • Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast
    • Ivano-Frankivsk Raion
Ewa Chojecka (1980) +1 other reference
USA
  • Colorado
    • Eagle County
      • Gilman Mining District (Battle Mountain Mining District; Red Cliff Mining District)
        • Gilman
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Lake County
      • Leadville
        • Iowa Gulch
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Upper Iowa Gulch
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Mineral County
      • Creede Mining District
Rocks & Min.:57:62. +4 other references
    • Park County
      • Hartsel Mining District
Howland (1936) +1 other reference
    • Weld County
      • Stoneham
Rocks & Min.: 62:319.
  • Connecticut
    • Hartford County
      • New Britain
Moritz (n.d.)
Januzzi et al. (1976)
    • New Haven County
      • Cheshire
Rocks & Min.: 20:518. +11 other references
    • Tolland County
      • Somers
Bill Clark collection
  • Georgia
    • Bartow County
      • Cartersville Mining District
Matrix 10:4 pp 245-259
Hull (1920) +1 other reference
  • Iowa
    • Scott County
      • Buffalo
Garvin et al. (1992)
  • Nevada
    • Elko County
      • Bootstrap Mining District
Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference
Barrick Gold Corporation
  • Oklahoma
    • Cleveland County
      • Norman
Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
  • South Dakota
    • Meade County
Roberts et al. (1965) +1 other reference
    • Pennington County
Smith et al. (2000)
  • Tennessee
    • Smith County
      • Carthage
Kyle (1976) +2 other references
  • Washington
    • King County
      • Snoqualmie Mining District
        • Middle Fork of the Snoqualmie River
Rick Dilhoff's collection
Lasmanis (1991)
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