Named in 1920 by Henri Jean Francois Buttgenbach (1874-1964) and C. Gillet in honor of Giuseppe Raimondo Pio Cesàro (7 September 1849, Naples, Italy - 20 January 1939, Comblain-au-Pont, Belgium), Professor of Mineralogy and Crystallography, University of Liége. He discovered richellite in 1883, koninckite in 1884, and viséite in 1888 (which would not be described until 1942). He also described and named fraipontite in 1927.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Sidi Amor ben Salem Mine, Slata Pb-Zn deposit, Tajerouine, Kef, Tunisia

A rare but inconspicuous secondary Pb(II)-Mn(IV)-oxide.
Chemically related to (the Pb-poorer) coronadite.

Name EncodingHide

ASCII-7:

Cesarolite

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

939

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:939:9

IMA Classification of CesàroliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Classification of CesàroliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

4.FG.10

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
G : Hydroxides with OH, without H₂O; unclassified

Dana 8th ed.:

7.6.1.1

7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
6 : (AB)₅X₈

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.11.27

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Csà	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CesàroliteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Metallic, Dull

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Steel-grey

Hardness:

4½ on Mohs scale

Density:

5.29 g/cm³ (Measured)

Optical Data of CesàroliteHide

Comments:

In polished sections the crusts are inwardly isotropic and outwardly composed of anisotropic spherules.

Chemistry of CesàroliteHide

Mindat Formula:

PbMn⁴⁺₃O₆(OH)₂

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	41.273 %
Mn	32.830 %
O	25.496 %
H	0.402 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

H, Mn, O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of CesàroliteHide

Crystal System:

Hexagonal

Cell Parameters:

a = 2.8106(1) Å, c = 20.386 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 7.253

Unit Cell V:

139.46 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Friable, coke-like masses; botryoidal crusts.

Comment:

Point Group: n.d. ; Space Group: R ; Z = n.d.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.40 Å	(40)
3.21 Å	(10)
2.194 Å	(100)
2.087 Å	(80)
1.760 Å	(50)
1.563 Å	(50)
1.406 Å	(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates]

Type Occurrence of CesàroliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Sidi Amor ben Salem Mine, Slata Pb-Zn deposit, Tajerouine, Kef, Tunisia

General Appearance of Type Material:

botryoidal crusts and cokelike masses.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris
Laboratory of Mineralogy, University of Liège

Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Coronadite

Galena

Reference:

Synonyms of CesàroliteHide

Cesarolite

Other Language Names for CesàroliteHide

Dutch:Cesàroliet

German:Cesàrolit
Cesàrolith
Cesarolit

Spanish:Cesarolita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

10 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
6 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Aurichalcite	(Zn,Cu)₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
5 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
3 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
2 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Fluorite	CaF₂
2 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Cerussite	PbCO₃
2 photos of Cesàrolite associated with Siderite	FeCO₃
1 photo of Cesàrolite associated with Oxyplumboroméite	Pb₂Sb₂O₆O
1 photo of Cesàrolite associated with Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
1 photo of Cesàrolite associated with Dolomite	CaMg(CO₃)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.FG.05	Janggunite	Mn_5-x(Mn,Fe)_1+xO₈(OH)₆	Orth.
4.FG.15	Kimrobinsonite	(Ta,Nb)(OH)_5-2x(O,CO₃)_x ; x near 1.2	Iso.
4.FG.20	Langhofite	Pb₂(OH)[WO₄(OH)]	Tric. 1 : P1
4.FG.25	Tashelgite	CaMgFe²⁺Al₉O₁₆(OH)	Mon. m : Pb

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CesàroliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-939.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from McDougall Minerals

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

The Arkenstone - Fine Minerals

References for CesàroliteHide

Reference List:

Buttgenbach H, Gillet C (1920) La cesàrolite (nouvelle espèce minérale). Annales de la Société Géologique de Belgique 43, 239-241

Foshag W F (1920) New minerals. American Mineralogist 5, 211-211

Orcel, Jean, Pavlovitch, Stoyan (1931) Les caractères microscopiques des oxydes de manganèse et des manganites naturels (Détermination de leurs pouvoirs réflecteurs) Bulletin de Minéralogie, 54 (5) 108-179 doi:10.3406/bulmi.1931.4130

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Burkart-Baumann, I., Ottemann, J., Nicolini, P. (1967) Mineralogische Untersuchungen an Jordanit, Semseyit und Cesarolith von drei tunesischen Blei-Zink-Lagerstätten. Chemie der Erde: 26: 256-270.

Post, J. E. (1994): X-ray and neutron diffraction study of coronadite and cesarolite. IMA 16th General Meeting, Pisa, Italy, Sept. 4-9, 1994, Abstracts Volume, 334.

(2005) Cesàrolite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for CesàroliteHide

Showing 48 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Guttaring Ratteingraben ⓘ Emma adit ?	Auer et al. (2017)
ⓘ Waitschach	Kolitsch (2013)
Salzburg Zell am See District Leogang Hütten Schwarzleograben Schwarzleo mining district ⓘ Neuschurf adit	C.Auer (2014)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Spital am Semmering Steinhaus am Semmering Fröschnitz valley (Fröschnitz) Hasen valley ⓘ Arzberg am Semmering mines	Tomazic et al. (2012)
Bulgaria
Smolyan Province Rudozem Municipality ⓘ Kechikaya deposit	Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Annual ...
Canada
Nova Scotia Richmond Co. ⓘ Stirling Mine ?	Cleaver et al. (2021)
Czech Republic
Olomouc Region Jeseník District Lipová-lázně ⓘ Smrčník hill	Pauliš et al. (2023)
Ústí nad Labem Region Teplice District ⓘ Krupka	Sejkora et al. (2009)
France
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Pruines ⓘ Le Kaymar	Lheur (2023)
Gard Le Vigan Montdardier ⓘ La Sanguinède mine 👁 Image	Gol et al. (2010)
Hautes-Pyrénées Argelès-Gazost ⓘ Germs-sur-l'Oussouet	Queneau (n.d.)
ⓘ Les Malines District	Gol et al. (2010)
Tarn Castres Montredon-Labessonnié Peyrebrune ⓘ Le Rivet Quarry	Georges FAVREAU collection and EDX ...
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Toulon Le Pradet ⓘ Cap Garonne Mine	Favreau et al. (2024)
ⓘ North mine	Favreau et al. (2024)
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Siegen-Wittgenstein Siegen ⓘ Friedericke mine ?	Reinhardt et al. (2016)
Rhineland-Palatinate Rhein-Lahn-Kreis Lahnstein Friedrichssegen ⓘ Friedrichssegen Mine	SEM-EDS by Joy Desor
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Dimoliaki Barbaliaki mines ⓘ Barbaliaki Mine No. 1 ?	Uwe Kolitsch & Branko Rieck (unpubl. SEM-EDS results)
Plaka ⓘ Plaka mines	Schusser et al. (2022)
ⓘ Plaka Mine No. 145	Rieck et al. (2022)
Hungary
Fejér County Székesfehérvár District Szabadbattyán ⓘ Lead mine	Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill
Italy
Lombardy Lecco Province Valsassina Primaluna ⓘ Contra Valley Mine	Vergani et al. (2021)
Piedmont Cuneo Province Valdieri San Lorenzo ⓘ Lausetto Mine	Parola et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Iglesias Bindua ⓘ Santa Barbara cave	Onac (2025)
Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Trento Province Levico Terme ⓘ Monte Fronte prospect (Compet)	Bortolozzi et al. (2021)
Vignola-Falesina ⓘ Rio Ricet mine ("Rio Menegol")	Bortolozzi et al. (2021)
Japan
Yamagata Prefecture ⓘ Mori mine	Mineralogical Society of America - ...
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Ząbkowice Śląskie County Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie Szklary ⓘ Mt. Szklana Mine (Szklary pegmatite)	Pieczka et al. (2015) +2 other references
Portugal
Beja Odemira São Luís ⓘ Torgal Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Russia
Krasnoyarsk Krai Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge) ⓘ Olimpiada Mine	Silyanov et al. (2021)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Serovsky District Turya river Tur'insk ⓘ Vorontsovskoe deposit (Vorontsovsk gold deposit; Vorontsovka deposit)	Kasatkin et al. (2021)
Spain
Aragon Zaragoza Munébrega ⓘ La Ascensión del Señor mine	Calvo et al. (2018)
Catalonia Tarragona Baix Camp Alforja ⓘ Alforja Mine	Abella i Creus (2018)
Switzerland
Valais Martigny Mont Chemin mining district ⓘ Tête des Econduits	Stalder et al. (1998)
Thailand
Yala Province Bannang Sata District Tham Thalu ⓘ Guatomo Mine ('Hat Yai' mimetite locality)	Sacchi (2017) +1 other reference
Tunisia (TL)
Kef Tajerouine Slata Pb-Zn deposit ⓘ Sidi Amor ben Salem Mine (TL)	Ann.Soc.Geol. Belgique (1920)
UK
England Cornwall St Hilary ⓘ Penberthy Croft Mine	John Betterton collection
Cumbria Allerdale Caldbeck Deer Hills ⓘ Short Grain	Green et al. (2008)
Roughton Gill ⓘ Higher Roughton Gill (Balliway Rigg)	Green et al. (2008)
ⓘ Roughton Gill Mine	Bridges et al. (2011)
Somerset Mendip Cranmore ⓘ Torr Works Quarry	Turner et al. (2010)
Wales Ceredigion Ceulanymaesmawr Tal-y-bont ⓘ Eaglebrook Mine	Cotterell (2006) +1 other reference
Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn Pontrhydygroes ⓘ Frongoch Mine	Cotterell (2007) +2 other references
USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Warren Mining District	Hewett et al. (1960) +2 other references
ⓘ Maricopa County	Anthony et al. (1995)
New Mexico Doña Ana County Organ Mountains Organ Mining District ⓘ Stevenson-Bennett Mine	Jerry Cone Collection

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Cesàrolite

About CesàroliteHide