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It was only 2009 that AT&T heralded its cutting edge 3G network as it unveiled the launch of the iPhone (which subsequently crashed AT&T’s cutting edge 3G network). Fast forward a little more than a decade and AT&T is preparing to shut that 3G network down, largely so it can repurpose the spectrum it utilizes for fifth-generation (5G) wireless deployments. While the number of actual wireless phone users still using this network is minimal, the network is still being heavily used as a connectivity option for some older medical devices and home alarm systems.
As such, the home security industry is urging regulators to delay the shutdown to give them some more time to migrate home security users on to other networks:
“The Alarm Industry Communications Committee said in a filing posted Friday by the FCC that more time is needed to work out details. A delay of at least 60 to 70 days could help some customers who have relied on AT&T?s 3G network, although arrangements remain to be negotiated, the group said.
?It would be tragic and illogical for the tens of millions of citizens being protected by 3G alarm radios and other devices to be put at risk of death or serious injury, when the commission was able to broker a possible solution but inadequate time exists to implement that solution,? the group said.
If you recall, part of the T-Mobile Sprint merger conditions involved trying to make a viable fourth wireless carrier out of Dish Network (that’s generally not going all that well). T-Mobile’s ongoing feud with Dish has resulted in T-Mobile keeping its 3G network alive a bit longer than AT&T. So the alarm industry is asking both the FCC and AT&T for a little more time, as well as some help migrating existing home security gear temporarily on to T-Mobile’s 3G network so things don’t fall apart when AT&T shuts down its 3G network (currently scheduled for February 22).
Nothing more comforting than a hidden, systemic failure of the communications elements of multiple alarm systems that does not truly reveal itself until the alarms fail in a moment of cascading crisis https://t.co/2pxuvmdhLR
— Michael Weinberg (@mweinberg2D) February 18, 2022
AT&T gave companies whose technology still use 3G three full years to migrate to alternative solutions. And it’s not entirely clear how many companies, services, and industries will be impacted by the shut down. But there’s an awful lot of different companies and technologies that still use 3G for internet connectivity, including a lot of fairly important medical alert systems. Nobody seems to actually know how prepared we truly are, so experts suggest the problems could range anywhere from mildly annoying to significantly disruptive:
So how bad could #Alarmageddon be? Hard to say. Lots of personal medical alerts ("Help, I've fallen and can't get up!"), DUI locks on cars, ankle bracelets for home confinement, school bus GPS system. So potentially pretty severe. (see Docket No. 21-304) /20
— (((haroldfeld))) (@haroldfeld) February 18, 2022
Again, this is all something that could have been avoided if we placed a little less priority on freaking out about various superficial issues and a put a little more attention on nuanced, boring policy issues that actually matter.
Filed Under: 3g, fcc, home alarms
Companies: at&t
In July of 2011, Verizon announced it would no longer offer its wireless users unlimited data plans, and instead began pushing more expensive and capped shared data plans (complete with shiny $15 per gigabyte overage fees!). While Verizon did grandfather existing unlimited customers, like AT&T, it immediately began waging a quiet war on these users, throttling these purportedly “unlimited” connections to try and drive these users toward pricier metered options.
In Verizon’s case, the company started by throttling unlimited customers on its 3G network. When Verizon Wireless announced in 2014 it was going to start applying these “network optimization” practices to its LTE 4G network, the company received a surprise wrist slap by FCC boss Tom Wheeler, who warned the company that he saw through its use of congestion to drive revenue:
“Reasonable network management” concerns the technical management of your network; . It is disturbing to me that Verizon Wireless would base its “network management” on distinctions among its customers’ data plans, rather than on network architecture or technology.”
As we frequently note, phantom network congestion has long been a useful bogeyman to defend predatory or otherwise anti-competitive behavior in telecom. In Verizon’s case, the company responded to the FCC by effectively claiming that everybody was doing it, something that didn’t sit well with Wheeler in a follow up warning to the company just about a year ago:
“‘All the kids do it’ was never something that worked with me when I was growing up and it didn?t work with my kids,? Wheeler told reporters on Friday. Wheeler said that response wasn?t good enough to calm his concerns that the company was trying to milk users for more profit. “My concern in this instance is that it is moving from engineering and technological issues into business issues,? he said.
Verizon ultimately decided to scrap its plans to throttle unlimited LTE users, and the FCC proceeded to pass tougher new net neutrality rules in February of this year. AT&T, in contrast, tried to push its luck, and continued throttling unlimited users until it received a $100 million FCC fine (which AT&T is still fighting) and was socked with an FTC lawsuit for false advertising (which AT&T is also still fighting). Verizon, meanwhile, quietly continued throttling its unlimited 3G users — until only just last week. Verizon “announced” the changes in a bit of fine print on the Verizon website:
“Beginning in 2011,” it reads, “to optimize our network, we managed data connection speeds for a small subset of customers ? those who are in the top 5% of data users and have 3G devices on unlimited data plans ? and only in places and at times when the network was experiencing high demand. We discontinued this practice in June, 2015.”
And by “optimize its network,” Verizon means “optimize its revenues.” In speaking to the Washington Post, Verizon claims this was just a run of the mill business decision, made because it impacted so few customers:
“We make business decisions all the time,” Verizon said in a statement to the Post. “Because it was such a small subset of customers who were affected [by the 3G throttling], we made the call to discontinue even a limited approach to managing data connection speeds.”
Right, well, it’s only now such a small subset of customers because Verizon drove them all to metered, LTE plans already. But basically, Verizon was allowed for four years to advertise a product falsely as “unlimited,” and to use network congestion as bogus justification for driving its users to more expensive plans — with little more than a wrist slap. With the net neutrality rules now in effect (you know, the ones that were supposed to have destroyed the Internet by now) there’s some basic protections in place for consumers moving forward.
But with AT&T and Verizon’s history of outright fraud and misleading consumers, and network gear getting ever more sophisticated, enforcement is going to require that the FCC remain uncharacteristically tough and attentive. And that’s no given; as noted recently usage caps similarly use the congestion bogeyman to drive revenue and raise consumer rates, but the FCC has remained notably mute on the subject.
Filed Under: 3g, fcc, throttling, unlimited
Companies: verizon
The surveillance device that dare not speak its name (thanks, FBI!) is on its last legs… or at least one version is. Cyrus Farivar at Ars Technica reports that law enforcement agencies are moving quickly to avoid being locked out of the cell tower spoofing racket.
Documents released last week by the City of Oakland reveal that it is one of a handful of American jurisdictions attempting to upgrade an existing cellular surveillance system, commonly known as a stingray.
The Oakland Police Department, the nearby Fremont Police Department, and the Alameda County District Attorney jointly applied for a grant from the Department of Homeland Security to “obtain a state-of-the-art cell phone tracking system,” the records show.
The Stingray is Harris Corporation’s most infamous product. But the original version has its limitations. While the nation’s cell phone carriers have largely moved on to 3G/4G networks, Stingray devices without optional upgrades haven’t. All they can access is 2G, the default connection when nothing better is available. Those looking to capture cell activity on 3G and 4G networks will need to purchase Harris’ “Hailstorm” upgrade… which also means they’ll need to start generating paperwork and asking federal and local governments for funds. The problem with these actions is that they have the tendency to expose those in need of new capabilities.
Other locales known to be in the process of related federally-funded upgrades include Tacoma, Wash.; Baltimore, Md.; Chesterfield, Va.; Sunrise, Fla.; and Oakland County, Mich. There are likely many more, but such purchases are often shrouded in secrecy.
FOIA requests have turned up some information, but much of it is redacted and many more requests have been refused or ignored. With the federal government itself instructing local law enforcement to cover up its acquisition and use of tower spoofers, the FOIA process becomes even more of an uphill battle.
Law enforcement can’t be happy to see 2G networks being switched off. When you’re in the untargeted dragnet business, 2G is a willing supplier of “business records.”
2G networks are notoriously insecure. Handsets operating on 2G will readily accept communication from another device purporting to be a valid cell tower, like a stingray. So the stingray takes advantage of this feature by jamming the 3G and 4G signals, forcing the phone to use a 2G signal.
What’s considered a criminal act when performed by a civilian is just SOP for law enforcement. The same can be said for the fake sworn documents (warrant requests, subpoenas) obtained to cover the use of these devices. The manufacturer with the most devices in use is no better than the agencies it sells to. When approached about this scramble for upgrades, Harris Corporation borrowed the NSA’s Glomar.
“We do not comment on solutions we may or may not provide to classified Department of Defense or law enforcement agencies,” Jim Burke, a spokesman for Harris, told Ars.
The timeline for 2G shutoff is still vague. Verizon says “by the end of the decade.” AT&T says 2017. So there’s still some time for law enforcement agencies to avoid being bypassed by the slow rollout of network upgrades. But between now and then, these agencies need to put together nearly $500,000 just to stay current. And as usual, as much as possible about the process will be obscured, because otherwise the criminals win.
“Once that’s disclosed then the targets of the technology will know how to avoid it,” [Alameda County Assistant DA Michael] O’Connor, the assistant district attorney, told Ars. “Once the bad guys understand how to beat it then they will.”
It seems like all the bad guys would need to know is that the technology exists and is being used and just stay off their cell phones. But in this day and age, being completely unconnected while away from home is untenable, if not nearly impossible. Communication is key in criminal enterprises, and the steady disappearance of pay phones doesn’t leave them with many options. O’Connor completely overstates the “exposure” danger and follows it up with this:
“It can’t easily be resolved—the public’s right to know, the Fourth Amendment rights of people who might be subject to this kind of analysis and the needs of law enforcement to keep sources confidential especially in a day and age when the bad guys have acquired considerable technology that is turned against good guys.”
One: if it can’t “easily be resolved,” why not err on the Fourth Amendment/public knowledge side, rather than on the cop side? Two: the bad guys’ “considerable technology” isn’t lapping law enforcement’s. This ridiculous claim has been used as justification for warrantless cell phone searches, and it failed to move the Supreme Court justices. Pushing this narrative now just makes the pusher look like the sort of credulous rube who would put together a Powerpoint presentation on food-trucks-as-terrorist-vehicles.
The bright side here is that more paperwork is being generated… which eventually means more of the public will know their local law enforcement is scooping up their location/connection info (most likely without a warrant) at any given time and is not above killing their network to do it.
Filed Under: 2g, 3g, hailstorm, law enforcement, non-disclosure agreements, police, privacy, spoofing, stingray, tower spoofing
Companies: harris corp.
Iran continues to battle the Internet, recognizing the fact that an unfiltered exchange of ideas (some of them admittedly often horrifically bad) tends to undermine repressive regimes. While the President and the Minister of Communications have stressed that higher-speed connections (and less censorship) are useful to Iran’s citizens, many others in the government feel that increasing speeds means giving up lots and lots of control. (via @visions_studios)
[C]onservative, religious, and security organizations and officials fear the loss of control that a faster Internet will bring, and as such resist the administration’s efforts to provide the faster services.
These government officials would prefer the President push everyone onto Iran’s version of the Internet: the National Information Network. Whenever it’s finally fully implemented, it will function like a countrywide Intranet, giving government control over access as well as opening users up to significant amounts of surveillance.
Since President Rouhani seems reluctant to throttle the nation’s internet users, others have pressed forward on the issue. Cue the Grand Ayatollah of Iran, who has arbitrarily determined that high-speed connections are an affront to [this particular] God.
A Grand Ayatollah in Iran has determined that access to high-speed and 3G Internet is “against Sharia” and “against moral standards.” In answer to a question published on his website, Grand Ayatollah Nasser Makarem Shirazi, one of the country’s highest clerical authorities, issued a fatwa, stating “All third generation [3G] and high-speed internet services, prior to realization of the required conditions for the National Information Network [Iran’s government-controlled and censored Internet which is under development], is against Sharia [and] against moral and human standards.”
Left undiscussed is how incremental increases in speed are incremental increases in sin or how exactly an Iran-only internet would redeem “immoral” high-speed connections. These sorts of questions are better left unasked, especially in a nation filled with religious leaders that can impose and carry out death penalties with impunity.
The bottom line is that a clunky internet is a mostly-useless internet, even for non-subversive reasons like seeking jobs or performing research. Shirazi’s declaration is mostly noise-making, but it does serve a purpose — to give the conservatives pushing for the Iranternet more ammo to use against political opponents. Nothing brings the froth to the surface faster than blending politics and religion, especially when the subject matter is the world wide web.
The former Minister of Communications had this to say in support of strangling the web.
“If the Ministry of Communications does not pay attention to the sensitivities of the people and the ulama [high-ranking clerics], [the Ministry] will have no choice but to prepare itself for significant developments at the Parliament and in society.”
Note that the “sensitivities of the people” are somehow exactly the same as the “sensitivities of high-ranking clerics,” even when the people are actively seeking better connection speed.
Mahmoud Khosravi, Chairman of the Board and Managing Director of the Ertebatat-e Zirsakht (Communications Infrastructure) Company, stated recently that three million new requests for high-speed Internet services had been filed.
Iran’s citizens want one thing. Parts of the government want another. And religious leaders just want control of both the people and the government. In between lies the internet. “Knowledge is power” as they say, and the internet contains a wealth of it. And Iran’s power structure — the part of it that relies on stupidity like “2G good, 3G bad” fatwas — would like this threat neutralized, and it’s willing to further harm the future of the nation to do it.
Filed Under: 3g, broadband, fatwa, grand ayatollah, internet connections, iran, morality
The Spratly Islands are some 750 reefs, atolls and islands in the South China Sea that are claimed variously by Brunei, the People’s Republic of China, the Republic of China (Taiwan), Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam. That’s largely because of the rich fishing grounds that surround them, and the possibility of significant oil and gas reserves nearby.
In order to reinforce those claims, most of the countries listed above have stationed a few military personnel on a few of the larger islands. Recently, China has come up with a novel way of bolstering its position:
In the ongoing dispute over the Spratly Islands claimed by China and Vietnam, the latest development is that China is opening up 3G services on the islands, not only to Chinese soldiers but also for the country’s fishermen.
As the Tech In Asia article quoted above explains:
Chinese soldiers and fishermen will now be able to text message, call, and chat online with family back home over the new 3G network. This upgrade to 3G from regular cellular coverage (started in 2011) and the recent 3G network in the disputed Paracel Islands in July 2012 signals a more permanent Chinese presence on the rocky outposts.
What’s interesting here is how this tighter integration with the domestic network is used symbolically to underline that the various islands are — in China’s view — part of its territory. It can be thought of as the 21st-century equivalent of building roads in the Roman Empire, or laying down railway tracks in the American West.
Follow me @glynmoody on Twitter or identi.ca, and on Google+
Filed Under: 3g, china, landgrab, mobile towers, spratly islands, vietnam, wireless
There’s just something about mobile operators that they love to make claims that are just sorta kinda true, while not really being true in spirit. This is the industry, of course, that has perfected “up to” marketing. As in “you should get speeds ‘up to’ xMbps” which, is technically true since any speed below that is covered, even if you’ll never get a speed anywhere near the defined “x.”
The other popular tactic is to lie about what kind of wireless network you’re actually offering. There were the claims that any wireless broadband solution was “WiMAX” back before the WiMAX standard was even set. So you started to get companies calling their solution “WiMAX” and then including all sorts of fine print about how it was “pre-WiMAX” and would certainly be upgraded to WiMAX once WiMAX actually existed.
Similarly, nearly a decade ago, when all the talk was about the upcoming “3G” networks, the mobile carriers all started pushing claims that they were offering “3G” when they absolutely were not. There were some interim “2.5G” steps, and some aggressive marketers just decided to round up. And, it looks like they’re doing that again. T-Mobile is going around claiming its HSPA+ network offers “4G speeds,” which, of course, is not to be confused with actual 4G. And, of course, this is an “up to” situation, where the network could, theoretically, sorta, kinda touch on “4G speeds,” but probably won’t for most people.
Filed Under: 3g, 4g, hspa+, marketing, mobile operators
Companies: t-mobile
We still don’t understand why AT&T called so much more attention to Verizon’s ads that highlight AT&T’s weak 3G network coverage by suing over the ads. Things were made worse when a judge refused to block the ads from airing. Perhaps finally realizing that all this was doing was creating free advertising for Verizon — and more attention on the quality of AT&T’s network — the company has decided to drop the lawsuit. Apparently, instead, it’s going to focus on its own misleading ad campaign.
Filed Under: 3g, advertisements, commercials, lawsuits, maps
Companies: at&t, verizon
Recently, AT&T sued Verizon over its “There’s A Map For That” ad, that mocked AT&T’s 3G network coverage, while playing on the Apple iPhone slogan of “there’s an app for that.” It seemed like an odd thing for AT&T to do, as it really just called more attention to the ad and the differences in 3G networks. Now, to make matters even worse, a judge has refused to issue an injunction stopping the ad. That doesn’t stop the lawsuit, though, and the ad might still get taken down if AT&T wins, but it’s unlikely Verizon’s ad campaign is going to last until the lawsuit is finally decided, anyway. So for now, all it’s done is driven a lot more attention to the ad, in which Verizon comes out favorably.
Filed Under: 3g, ads, competition, mobile service
Companies: at&t, verizon wireless
Chinese authorities have apparently finally issued licenses for mobile operators there to operate 3G networks, following years of delays. The country had been talking about getting 3G going since 2003 or so, but its tech protectionist bent saw it forced to take delay after delay until it could finally get its homegrown TD-SCDMA standard into acceptable working condition, while 3G networks built on existing, widely accepted industry standards flowered elsewhere in the world. It’s great that China’s offered up an alternative to the WCDMA and CDMA2000 standards, and one that might not carry some of the same intellectual property burdens as those two, translating into lower costs. But by this point, any such benefit the standard might offer has been rendered fairly meaningless by the long delay in getting it to market — meaning China’s protectionism will probably have done more to hurt the country’s position in technology than to help it.
T-Mobile was the one national US mobile operator who really didn’t have much of a strategy when it came to upgrading its network. While Sprint, Verizon and AT&T all were working on 3G options, T-Mobile kind of sat around twiddling its thumbs. Then it finally realized that it was way behind and made an effort to catch up. Years after everyone else got around to launching stuff (and as they’re all now setting plans for their 4G options), T-Mobile is finally launching its 3G wireless service. But in a move that makes absolutely no sense, it’s only for voice — not for data. If it’s only for voice… there’s no reason to move to 3G. The very purpose of the 3G mobile network was to enable higher bandwidth for data. This is like building an entire highway next to a perfectly good bike trail… and then saying the highway is only for bicycles. Why bother? Update: Well, phew. Turns out the original story was simply not true. T-Mobile launched with voice and data…
Filed Under: 3g, broadband, data, wireless
Companies: t-mobile
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