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Cebuano

Alternative forms

kato
to — short form, only used mid-sentence

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *-Cu,^[1] apparently prefixed with ka- as seen also in kani (“this”) and kana (“that”). Related to didto (“here”), kaniadto (“long time ago”), ngadto (“thither”), and adto (“to go”), in a similar pattern with other Cebuano demonstrative pronouns. Compare Tagalog ito (“this”), Malay itu.

Pronunciation

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IPA^(key): /ˈkadto/ [ˈkad̪.t̪o]
Hyphenation: kad‧to

Pronoun

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kadto

that (far from both speaker and listener)
(colloquial) he, she (one that was mentioned)

Cebuano demonstrative pronouns
	direct*		indirect*		oblique	locative	allative	existential**		interjection**		manner**
	full	short	full	short	oblique	locative	allative	full	short	full	short	full	short
near speaker***	karí kirí	ri	niari niiri	ari iri	kan-ari^† kan-iri^†	dirí	ngarí	adia	dia	diará	dará	ingon ari	Ø
near speaker and listener***	kaní kiní	ni	niani niini	ani ini	kan-ani^† kan-ini^†	dinhi	nganhi	ania	nia	niará	Ø	ingon ani	ing-ani in-ani
near listener	kanâ	nà	nianà	anà	kan-anà^†	dinhà dirâ	nganhà ngarâ	anaa	naa	naará	nará	ingon anà	ing-anà in-anà
remote	kadto kató	to	niadto niato	adto ato	kan-adto^†	didto	ngadto	atua	tua	tuará	turá	ingon adto ingon ato	ing-ato in-ato

^† Archaic
* When the demonstrative is used as a predicate, the full form must be used. Short forms never start sentences.
** Full and short forms used interchangeably. Full forms may be more formal, while short forms may be more colloquial.
*** These two series may be conflated in colloquial Cebuano.