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Alumeenium,13Al
👁 Image
Alumeenium
Pronunciation
Appearancesillery gray metallic
Standard atomic weightAr,std(Al)7001269815384000000♠26.9815384(3)[1]
Alumeenium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
B

Al

Ga
magnesiumalumeeniumsilicon
Atomic nummer (Z)13
Groupgroup13 (boron group)
Periodperiod3
Blockp-block
Element category Post-transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electrons per shell2, 8, 3
Pheesical properties
Phase atSTPsolit
Meltinpynt933.47K(660.32°C,1220.58°F)
Bylinpynt2792K(2519°C,4566°F)
Density(nearr.t.)2.70g/cm3
whenliquid (atm.p.)2.375g/cm3
Heatofusion10.71kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation294.0kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity24.200J/(mol·K)
Vapourpressur
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
atT(K) 1482 1632 1817 2054 2364 2790
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−2, −1, +1,[2] +2,[3] +3 (anamphoteric oxide)
ElectronegativityPaulingscale: 1.61
Ionisation energies
Atomic radiusempirical:143pm
Covalent radius7002121000000000000♠121±4pm
Van der Waals radius184pm
👁 Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o alumeenium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structurface-centredcubic (fcc)
Speed o soondthinrod(rowed) 5,000m/s(atr.t.)
Thermal expansion23.1µm/(m·K)(at25°C)
Thermal conductivity237W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity28.2 nΩ·m(at20°C)
Magnetic orderinparamagnetic[4]
Young's modulus70GPa
Shear modulus26GPa
Bulk modulus76GPa
Poisson ratio0.35
Mohs haurdness2.75
Vickers haurdness167MPa
Brinell haurdness245MPa
CAS Nummer7429-90-5
History
PredictionAntoine Lavoisier[5](1787)
First isolationFriedrich Wöhler[5](1827)
NamedbyHumphry Davy[5](1807)
Main isotopes o alumeenium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 26Al trace 7013226267992000000♠7.17×105y β+ 26Mg
ε 26Mg
γ -
27Al 100% stable
|references

Alumeenium is a chemical element in the boron group wi seembolAl an atomic nummer13. It is a sillery white, saft, ductile metal. Alumeenium is the third maist abundant element (efter oxygen an silicon), an the maist abundant metal, in the Yird's crust. It maks up aboot 8% bi wicht o the Yird's solit surface. Alumeenium metal is sae chemically reactive that native specimens are rare an leemitit tae extreme reducing environments. Instead, it is foond combined in ower 270 different minerals.[6] The chief ore o alumeenium is bauxite.

Alumeenium is remarkable for the metal's law density an for its ability tae resist corrosion due tae the phenomenon o passivation. Structural components made frae alumeenium an its alloys are vital tae the aerospace industry an are important in ither auries o transportation an structural materials. The maist uiseful compounds o alumeenium, at least on a wicht basis, are the oxides an sulfates.

Despite its prevalence in the environment, alumeenium salts are nae kent tae be uised bi ony fairm o life. In keepin wi its pervasiveness, alumeenium is well toleratit bi plants an ainimals.[7] Owin tae thair prevalence, potential beneficial (or itherwise) biological roles o aluminium compounds are o continuin interest.

References

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  1. Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. Dohmeier, C.; Loos, D.; Schnöckel, H. (1996). "Aluminum(I) and Gallium(I) Compounds: Syntheses, Structures, and Reactions". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 35 (2): 129–149. doi:10.1002/anie.199601291.
  3. D. C. Tyte (1964). "Red (B2Π–A2σ) Band System of Aluminium Monoxide". Nature. 202 (4930): 383. Bibcode:1964Natur.202..383T. doi:10.1038/202383a0.
  4. Lide, D. R. (2000). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". [[CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics]] (PDF) (81st ed.). CRC Press. ISBN0849304814. URL–wikilink conflict (help)
  5. 1 2 3 "Aluminum". Los Alamos National Laboratory. Retrieved 3 Mairch 2013.
  6. Shakhashiri, B. Z. (17 Mairch 2008). "Chemical of the Week: Aluminum" (PDF). SciFun.org. University of Wisconsin. Archived frae the original (PDF) on 9 Mey 2012. Retrieved 4 Mairch 2012.
  7. Helmboldt, O. (2007). "Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_527.pub2.

Freemit airtins

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The periodic cairt o the elements
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Alkali metals Alkaline yird metals Lanthanides Actinoids Transeetion elements Ither metals Metalloids Ither nane-metals Halogens Noble gases Unkent chemical properties