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Phosphorus,15 👁 Image waxy white (yellae cut), reid (granules centre left, chunk centre richt), an violet phosphorus
Phosphorus Pronunciation /ˈ f ɒ s f ər ə s (FOS -fər-əs Appearance colourless, waxy white, yellae, scarlet, reid, violet, black Standard atomic weight A r,std (P)7001309737619980000♠ 30.973761 998 (5)[ 1] Phosphorus in the periodic cairt
Atomic nummer (Z ) 15 Group group15 (pnictogens) Period period3 Block p-block Element category Reactive nonmetal Electron confeeguration [ Ne ] 3s2 3p3 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 5 Pheesical properties Phase atSTP solit Density (nearr.t. ) (white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69g/cm3 Treeplepynt Heatofusion (white) 0.66kJ/mol Heat o vapourisation (white) 12.4kJ/mol Molar heat capacity (white) Vapourpressur
P (Pa) 1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
atT (K)
279
307
342
388
453
549
Vapourpressur
P (Pa) 1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
atT (K)
455
489
529
576
635
704
Atomic properties Oxidation states −3 [ 2] [ 3] +3 +5 acidic oxide)Electronegativity Paulingscale: 2.19 Ionisation energies Covalent radius 107±3 pm Van der Waals radius 180 pm👁 Colour lines in a spectral range Colour lines in a spectral range Spectral lines o phosphorusIther properties Naitural occurrence primordial Creestal structur simple triclinic Thermal conductivity (white) 0.236, (black) 12.1W/(m·K) Magnetic orderin (white, red, violet, black) diamagnetic [ 4] Bulk modulus (white) 5, (reid) 11GPa CAS Nummer 7723-14-0 (reid) History Diskivery Hennig Brand (1669) Recognized as an element bi Antoine Lavoisier [ 5] Main isotopes o phosphorus
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Phosphorus is a nonmetallic chemical element wi seembolP an atomic nummer 15. A multivalent pnictogen , phosphorus as a mineral is almaist always present in its maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks . Elemental phosphorus exists in twa major forms—white phosphorus an reid phosphorus —but due tae its heich reactivity , phosphorus is never foond as a free element on Yird.
↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry 88 (3): 265–91. doi :10.1515/pac-2015-0305
↑ Wang, Yuzhong; Xie, Yaoming; Wei, Pingrong; King, R. Bruce; Schaefer, Iii; Schleyer, Paul v. R.; Robinson, Gregory H. (2008). "Carbene-Stabilized Diphosphorus". Journal of the American Chemical Society . 130 (45): 14970–1. doi :10.1021/ja807828t . PMID 18937460 . ↑ Ellis, Bobby D.; MacDonald, Charles L. B. (2006). "Phosphorus(I) Iodide: A Versatile Metathesis Reagent for the Synthesis of Low Oxidation State Phosphorus Compounds". Inorganic Chemistry . 45 (17): 6864–74. doi :10.1021/ic060186o . PMID 16903744 . ↑ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 ↑ cf. "Memoir on Combustion in General " Mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences 1777, 592–600. from Henry Marshall Leicester and Herbert S. Klickstein, A Source Book in Chemistry 1400–1900 (New York: McGraw Hill, 1952)
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