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Iridium,77Ir
👁 Pieces of pure iridium
Iridium
Pronunciation/ɪˈrɪdiəm/​(ih-RID-ee-əm)
Appearancesillery white
Standard atomic weightAr,std(Ir)7002192217000000000♠192.217(2)[1]
Iridium in the periodic cairt
Hydrogen Helium
Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon
Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon
Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Airn Cobalt Nickel Capper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton
Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Siller (element) Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon
Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gowd Mercur (element) Thallium Leid (element) Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon
Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Ununtrium Flerovium Ununpentium Livermorium Ununseptium Ununoctium
 Rh
↑
Ir
↓
Mt
osmium ← iridium → platinum
Atomic nummer (Z)77
Groupgroup9
Periodperiod6
Blockd-block
Element category Transeetion metal
Electron confeeguration[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2
Electrons per shell2, 8, 18, 32, 15, 2
Pheesical properties
Phase atSTPsolid
Meltinpynt2719K​(2446°C,​4435°F)
Bylinpynt4403K​(4130°C,​7466°F)
Density(nearr.t.)22.56g/cm3
whenliquid (atm.p.)19g/cm3
Heatofusion41.12kJ/mol
Heat o vapourisation564kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity25.10J/(mol·K)
Vapourpressur
P(Pa) 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k
atT(K) 2713 2957 3252 3614 4069 4659
Atomic properties
Oxidation states−3, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9[2]
ElectronegativityPaulingscale: 2.20
Ionisation energies
  • 1st:880kJ/mol
  • 2nd:1600kJ/mol
Atomic radiusempirical:136pm
Covalent radius141±6pm
👁 Colour lines in a spectral range
Colour lines in a spectral range
Spectral lines o iridium
Ither properties
Naitural occurrenceprimordial
Creestal structur​face-centred cubic
[[File:face-centred cubic|frameless|alt=Face-centred cubic creestal structur for iridium|upright=0.23|Face-centred cubic creestal structur for iridium]]
Speed o soond thinrod4825m/s(at20°C)
Thermal expansion6.4µm/(m·K)
Thermal conductivity147W/(m·K)
Electrical resistivity47.1nΩ·m(at20°C)
Magnetic orderinparamagnetic[3]
Magnetic susceptibility+25.6·10−6cm3/mol(298K)[4]
Young's modulus528GPa
Shear modulus210GPa
Bulk modulus320GPa
Poisson ratio0.26
Mohs haurdness6.5
Vickers haurdness1760–2200MPa
Brinell haurdness1670MPa
CAS Nummer7439-88-5
History
Diskivery an firstisolationSmithson Tennant (1803)
Main isotopes o iridium
Iso­tope Abun­dance Hauf-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct
188Ir syn 1.73d ε 188Os
189Ir syn 13.2d ε 189Os
190Ir syn 11.8d ε 190Os
191Ir 37.3% stable
192Ir syn 73.827d β− 192Pt
ε 192Os
192m2Ir syn 241y IT 192Ir
193Ir 62.7% stable
193mIr syn 10.5d IT 193Ir
194Ir syn 19.3h β− 194Pt
194m2Ir syn 171d IT 194Ir
|references

Iridium is the chemical element wi seembol Ir an atomic nummer 77. A vera haurd, brickle, siller-white transeetion metal o the platinum faimily, iridium is the seicont-densest element (efter osmium) an is the maist corrosion-resistant metal, even at temperaturs as heich as 2000°C. Tho anerly certaint molten sauts an halogens is corrosive tae solit iridium, finely dividit iridium dust is a fair bit mair reactive an can be flammable.

References

[eedit | edit soorce]
  1. ↑ Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
  2. ↑ Wang, Guanjun; Zhou, Mingfei; Goettel, James T.; Schrobilgen, Gary G.; Su, Jing; Li, Jun; Schlöder, Tobias; Riedel, Sebastian (2014). "Identification of an iridium-containing compound with a formal oxidation state of IX". Nature. 514 (7523): 475–477. Bibcode:2014Natur.514..475W. doi:10.1038/nature13795. PMID25341786.
  3. ↑ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN0-8493-0486-5.
  4. ↑ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp.E110. ISBN0-8493-0464-4.
The periodic cairt o the elements
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
Alkali metals Alkaline yird metals Lanthanides Actinoids Transeetion elements Ither metals Metalloids Ither nane-metals Halogens Noble gases Unkent chemical properties
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