Ruby Programming Language

Ruby is a popular backend programming language, widely used for building modern applications and services. It makes development faster, easier, and more productive compared to many other languages.

Ruby gained worldwide recognition through Ruby on Rails, a framework that revolutionized web development by enabling startups and enterprises to build and scale full-stack applications quickly. Beyond web apps, Ruby is also widely used for automation and scripting tasks, where DevOps teams employ it to manage systems and files.

Nowadays, many big tech companies have also adopted and rely on Ruby, like:

• GitHub uses Ruby on Rails as the foundation of its platform.
• Shopify built its e-commerce platform with Ruby on Rails to support millions of stores.
• Airbnb initially developed its platform in Ruby on Rails for quick scalability.
• Basecamp (by 37signals, creators of Rails) runs entirely on Ruby on Rails.

First Ruby Program

Here is a simple Ruby program that prints a string. You can try editing it to print your own name.

Output

Hello Geeks

Getting Started with Ruby

Before starting with Ruby programming, we first need to set up Ruby on our system and run a simple program to verify the installation:

• How to install Ruby on Linux?
• How to install Ruby on Windows?
• Environment Setup in Ruby
• Introduction to Ruby

Fundamentals of Ruby

In this section, we’ll cover the core building blocks of Ruby such as identifiers, variables, data types, operators, and declarations that form the foundation of every Ruby program.

• Ruby Basic Syntax
• Hello World in Ruby
• Ruby | Keywords
• Ruby | Data Types
• Ruby | Types of Variables
• Global Variable in Ruby
• Comments in Ruby
• Ruby | Ranges
• Ruby Literals
• Ruby Directories
• Ruby | Operators
• Operator Precedence in Ruby
• Operator Overloading in Ruby
• Ruby | Pre-define Variables & Constants
• Ruby | unless Statement and unless Modifier

Control Statements

This section covers decision-making and looping constructs in Ruby, essential for controlling program flow.

• Ruby | Decision Making (if, if-else, if-else-if, ternary) | Set – 1
• Ruby | Loops (for, while, do..while, until)
• Ruby | Case Statement
• Ruby | Control Flow Alteration
• Ruby Break and Next Statement
• Ruby redo and retry Statement
• BEGIN and END Blocks In Ruby
• File Handling in Ruby

Methods & Functions

In this section, we’ll explore Ruby methods, including how to define them, pass arguments, return values, handle recursion, and use special features like visibility controls.

• Ruby | Methods
• Method Visibility in Ruby
• Recursion in Ruby
• Ruby Hook Methods
• Ruby | Range Class Methods
• The Initialize Method in Ruby
• Ruby | Method overriding
• Ruby Date and Time

Object-Oriented Programming in Ruby

In this section, we’ll explore the core principles of object-oriented programming in Ruby, including classes, inheritance, polymorphism, mixins, and encapsulation.

• Object-Oriented Programming in Ruby | Set 1
• Object Oriented Programming in Ruby | Set-2
• Ruby | Class & Object
• Private Classes in Ruby
• Freezing Objects | Ruby
• Ruby | Inheritance
• Polymorphism in Ruby
• Ruby | Constructors
• Ruby | Access Control
• Ruby | Encapsulation
• Ruby Mixins
• Instance Variables in Ruby
• Data Abstraction in Ruby
• Ruby Static Members

Exception Handling in Ruby

In this section, we’ll learn how Ruby handles unexpected errors, enabling us to write safe and fault-tolerant programs.

• Ruby | Exceptions
• Ruby | Exception handling
• Catch and Throw Exception In Ruby
• Raising Exceptions in Ruby
• Ruby | Exception Handling in Threads | Set – 1
• Ruby | Exception Class and its Methods

Regular Expressions in Ruby

In this section, we’ll explore Ruby’s powerful regex features for text matching, searching, and replacing.

• Ruby | Regular Expressions
• Ruby Search and Replace

Ruby Classes

In this section, we’ll cover Ruby’s built-in classes that help handle numbers, symbols, structures, and directories.

• Ruby | Float Class
• Ruby | Integer Class
• Ruby | Symbol Class
• Ruby | Struct Class
• Ruby | Dir Class and its methods
• Ruby | MatchData Class

Modules in Ruby

In this section, we’ll learn how to use modules to organize methods, share functionality, and extend Ruby classes.

• Ruby | Module
• Ruby | Comparable Module
• Ruby | Math Module
• Include v/s Extend in Ruby

Collections in Ruby

In this section, we’ll work with Ruby’s collection types like arrays, strings, and hashes, along with iterators and blocks.

• Ruby | Arrays
• Ruby | String Basics
• Ruby | String Interpolation
• Ruby | Hashes Basics
• Ruby | Hash Class
• Ruby | Blocks

Ruby Threading

In this section, we’ll learn about Ruby’s multithreading support to handle concurrent tasks efficiently.

• Ruby | Introduction to Multi-threading
• Ruby | Thread Class-Public Class Methods
• Ruby | Thread Life Cycle & Its States

Miscellaneous Features

In this section, we’ll explore additional Ruby features that make development easier and more expressive.

• Ruby | Types of Iterators
• Ruby getters and setters Method