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⇱ Himalaya Mine, Gem Hill, Mesa Grande Mining District, San Diego County, California, USA

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Himalaya Mine, Gem Hill, Mesa Grande Mining District, San Diego County, California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Himalaya MineMine
Gem HillHill
Mesa Grande Mining DistrictMining District
San Diego CountyCounty
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
33° 12' 42'' North , 116° 47' 52'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
San Pasqual2,041 (2018)19.7km
Ramona20,292 (2011)20.0km
Valley Center9,277 (2011)22.0km
Hidden Trails750 (2008)22.4km
San Diego Country Estates10,109 (2011)22.8km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Palomar Gem & Mineral ClubEscondido, California29km
Borrego Rock and Gem ClubBorrego Springs, California40km
Vista Gem & Mineral SocietyVista, California41km
Fallbrook Gem and Mineral Society, Inc.Fallbrook, California46km
El Cajon Valley Gem & Mineral SocietyEl Cajon, California49km
Mindat Locality ID:
3559
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:3559:3
GUID (UUID V4):
0
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Himalaya dikes; Himalaya pegmatite


Summary:
A miarolitic LCT-type granitic pegmatite, highly boron-enriched, located in north-central San Diego Co., California, USA. First discovered in 1898, the Himalaya mine was one of the largest producers of gem and specimen-grade tourmaline in North America throughout much of the 20th century.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

46 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)
Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Description: Occurs as inclusions in quartz crystals.
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Description: Alm73:Spes24:Pyr3 to Alm:49:Spes:50:Pyr1.
ⓘ Amblygonite
Formula: LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Description: Crystals up to 7.5 x 5 x 5 cm in the dike system.
ⓘ Bavenite
Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
ⓘ Beidellite
Formula: (Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ Beryl var. Aquamarine
Formula: Be3Al2Si6O18
ⓘ Beryl var. Goshenite
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ Beryl var. Heliodor
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Description: Occurs in pegmatite.
ⓘ Beyerite
Formula: Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2
Habit: Fine-grained, earthy powder.
Colour: Yellow to greenish yellow
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cassiterite
Formula: SnO2
Habit: Euhedral crystals 1 inch (2.5 cm) or more in diameter.
Colour: Deep golden to reddish brown or black
ⓘ 'Clay minerals'
ⓘ Columbite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Nb2O6
Description: Manganocolumbite (pure end member to Mn(Ta:Nb = 1:1)O6)
ⓘ 'Columbite-Tantalite'
ⓘ Cookeite
Formula: (LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
ⓘ Dravite
Formula: NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Elbaite
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
ⓘ Fersmite
Formula: CaNb2O6
ⓘ Fluorapatite
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F
ⓘ Fluor-elbaite
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
ⓘ Gahnite
Formula: ZnAl2O4
Habit: Grains ranging in diameter from less than 0.01 to slightly more than 0.1 inches.
Colour: Leek-green
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Grossular
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Grossular var. Hessonite
Formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Hambergite
Formula: Be2(BO3)(OH)
ⓘ 'Hellandite Group'
Formula: X4Y2ZT2[B4Si4O22]W2
Habit: balls of needles
Colour: white, yellowish-white
Description: Found on PMC 2019 giveaway tables material from Garth Bricker's Himalaya mine self-collected flat from the 1980s. The specimens were gemmy quartz crystals partially covered with a snow-like layer of platy micro bavenite and associated with thin indicolite needles.
ⓘ Herderite
Formula: CaBe(PO4)F
ⓘ 'Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series'
ⓘ 'Heulandite Subgroup'
Formula: (Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Description: Sparse in the pocket zone.
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
ⓘ 'Lepidolite'
ⓘ Malayaite
Formula: CaSn(SiO4)O
ⓘ 'Mica Group'
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Microlite Group'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘ 'Microlite Group var. Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Description: Stannian Microlite
ⓘ 'Monazite Group'
Formula: REE(PO4)
Habit: Euhedral tabular crystals up to 0.5 inch in size.
ⓘ Montmorillonite
Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Nontronite
Formula: Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘ Oxy-schorl
Formula: Na(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
ⓘ Palygorskite
Formula: ◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
ⓘ Pollucite
Formula: (Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Milky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rynersonite
Formula: CaTa2O6
ⓘ Schorl
Formula: NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Spodumene
Formula: LiAlSi2O6
ⓘ Stibiocolumbite (TL)
Formula: Sb(Nb,Ta)O4
Type Locality:
ⓘ 'Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)'
Description: Antimonian Microlite
✪ Stibiotantalite
Formula: Sb(Ta,Nb)O4
References:
ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
ⓘ Stokesite
Formula: CaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ 'Thomsonite Subgroup'
ⓘ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite
Formula: (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
ⓘ Todorokite
Formula: (Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Description: A minor constituent of pocket alteration material.
ⓘ Topaz
Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
ⓘ Tosudite
Formula: Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
ⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium Tosudite
Formula: Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
ⓘ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Indicolite'
Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite'
Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Verdelite'
Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline'
Formula: A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ 'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: (Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
ⓘ Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
ⓘ Zircon var. Uranium-bearing Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

Na(AlSi3O8)ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)ⓘ 'Apatite'
Be3Al2(Si6O18)ⓘ Beryl var. Morganite
CaCO3ⓘ Calcite
SnO2ⓘ Cassiterite
Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)ⓘ Elbaite
Ca5(PO4)3Fⓘ Fluorapatite
Be2(BO3)(OH)ⓘ Hambergite
CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2Oⓘ Laumontite
ⓘ 'Lepidolite'
K(AlSi3O8)ⓘ Microcline
SiO2ⓘ Quartz
SiO2ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Sb(Ta,Nb)O4ⓘ Stibiotantalite
M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2Oⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup'
AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Zⓘ 'Tourmaline'
A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Zⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Rubellite'
A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Zⓘ 'Tourmaline var. Watermelon Tourmaline'

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘ'Microlite Group'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘ'var. Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'4.00.A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
ⓘGahnite4.BB.05ZnAl2O4
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Smoky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Rock Crystal4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Milky Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘCassiterite4.DB.05SnO2
ⓘColumbite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Nb2O6
ⓘStibiotantalite4.DE.30Sb(Ta,Nb)O4
ⓘStibiocolumbite (TL)4.DE.30Sb(Nb,Ta)O4
ⓘRynersonite4.DF.05CaTa2O6
ⓘFersmite4.DG.05CaNb2O6
ⓘ'Stibiomicrolite (of Groat et al.)'4.DH.15
ⓘTodorokite4.DK.10(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘBeyerite5.BE.35Ca(BiO)2(CO3)2
Group 6 - Borates
ⓘHambergite6.AB.05Be2(BO3)(OH)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘXenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
ⓘHerderite8.BA.10CaBe(PO4)F
ⓘAmblygonite8.BB.05LiAl(PO4)F
ⓘFluorapatite8.BN.05Ca5(PO4)3F
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘGrossular9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘvar. Hessonite9.AD.25Ca3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘSpessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘThorite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘvar. Thorogummite9.AD.30(Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘvar. Uranium-bearing Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTopaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
ⓘMalayaite9.AG.15CaSn(SiO4)O
ⓘAllanite-(Ce)9.BG.05b(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘBeryl
var. Aquamarine		9.CJ.05Be3Al2Si6O18
ⓘ9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘvar. Morganite9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘvar. Heliodor9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘvar. Goshenite9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘDravite9.CK.05NaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘElbaite9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘSchorl9.CK.05NaFe2+3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
ⓘFluor-elbaite9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
ⓘOxy-schorl9.CK.05Na(Fe2+2Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
ⓘSpodumene9.DA.30LiAlSi2O6
ⓘBavenite9.DF.25Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
ⓘStokesite9.DM.05CaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘBeidellite9.EC.40(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘMontmorillonite9.EC.40(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘNontronite9.EC.40Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
ⓘCookeite9.EC.55(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
ⓘTosudite9.EC.60Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
ⓘvar. Lithium Tosudite9.EC.60Na0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
ⓘKaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
ⓘPalygorskite9.EE.20◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Cleavelandite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘPollucite9.GB.05(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
ⓘLaumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Clay minerals'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Heulandite Subgroup'-(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
ⓘ'Tourmaline
var. Indicolite'		-A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Lepidolite'-
ⓘ'Monazite Group'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'Tourmaline
var. Rubellite'		-A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
ⓘ'Tourmaline'-AD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)'-(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
ⓘ'Tourmaline
var. Verdelite'		-A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Mica Group'-
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series'-
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Columbite-Tantalite'-
ⓘ'Tourmaline
var. Watermelon Tourmaline'		-A(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
ⓘ'Thomsonite Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Hellandite Group'-X4Y2ZT2[B4Si4O22]W2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Hⓘ Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
Hⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ HambergiteBe2(BO3)(OH)
Hⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Hⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Hⓘ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Hⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Hⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Hⓘ StokesiteCaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite(Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
Hⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Hⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Hⓘ TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Hⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Hⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
Hⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
LiLithium
Liⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Liⓘ Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
Liⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Liⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Liⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Beⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ HambergiteBe2(BO3)(OH)
Beⓘ HerderiteCaBe(PO4)F
Beⓘ Beryl var. MorganiteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ Beryl var. HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ Beryl var. GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beⓘ Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series
BBoron
Bⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ HambergiteBe2(BO3)(OH)
Bⓘ Tourmaline var. IndicoliteA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bⓘ Tourmaline var. RubelliteA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bⓘ Tourmaline var. VerdeliteA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bⓘ Tourmaline var. Watermelon TourmalineA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Bⓘ Hellandite GroupX4Y2ZT2[B4Si4O22]W2
Bⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
Bⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
CCarbon
Cⓘ BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Oⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Oⓘ Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Oⓘ Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
Oⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ FersmiteCaNb2O6
Oⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Oⓘ GahniteZnAl2O4
Oⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ HambergiteBe2(BO3)(OH)
Oⓘ HerderiteCaBe(PO4)F
Oⓘ Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Oⓘ Tourmaline var. IndicoliteA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Oⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Oⓘ MalayaiteCaSn(SiO4)O
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Beryl var. MorganiteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Oⓘ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Oⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Tourmaline var. RubelliteA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ RynersoniteCaTa2O6
Oⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Oⓘ StibiotantaliteSb(Ta,Nb)O4
Oⓘ StibiocolumbiteSb(Nb,Ta)O4
Oⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Oⓘ StokesiteCaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite(Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
Oⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Oⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Oⓘ TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Oⓘ TourmalineAD3G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
Oⓘ Tourmaline var. VerdeliteA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Quartz var. Rock CrystalSiO2
Oⓘ Quartz var. Milky QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Beryl var. HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ Beryl var. GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Tourmaline var. Watermelon TourmalineA(D3)G6(T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oⓘ Hellandite GroupX4Y2ZT2[B4Si4O22]W2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
Oⓘ Zircon var. Uranium-bearing ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
FFluorine
Fⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Fⓘ HerderiteCaBe(PO4)F
Fⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
NaSodium
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Naⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Naⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Naⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Naⓘ TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Naⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
Naⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Naⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
Naⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Mgⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Mgⓘ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Mgⓘ TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Mgⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Alⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Alⓘ Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
Alⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ GahniteZnAl2O4
Alⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Alⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Beryl var. MorganiteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Alⓘ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Alⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Alⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Alⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Alⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Alⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Alⓘ TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Alⓘ Beryl var. HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Beryl var. GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Alⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
Alⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Beryl var. AquamarineBe3Al2Si6O18
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Siⓘ Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8
Siⓘ DraviteNaMg3Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Siⓘ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Siⓘ MalayaiteCaSn(SiO4)O
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Beryl var. MorganiteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Siⓘ Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2O
Siⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siⓘ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ SpodumeneLiAlSi2O6
Siⓘ Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Siⓘ StokesiteCaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite(Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
Siⓘ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Siⓘ TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Quartz var. Rock CrystalSiO2
Siⓘ Quartz var. Milky QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Beryl var. HeliodorBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Beryl var. GosheniteBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siⓘ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Hellandite GroupX4Y2ZT2[B4Si4O22]W2
Siⓘ Tosudite var. Lithium TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2O
Siⓘ Fluor-elbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3F
Siⓘ Zircon var. Uranium-bearing ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ AmblygoniteLiAl(PO4)F
Pⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Pⓘ HerderiteCaBe(PO4)F
Pⓘ Monazite GroupREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Pⓘ Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Caⓘ Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caⓘ BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ FersmiteCaNb2O6
Caⓘ FluorapatiteCa5(PO4)3F
Caⓘ GrossularCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ HerderiteCaBe(PO4)F
Caⓘ Grossular var. HessoniteCa3Al2(SiO4)3
Caⓘ Heulandite Subgroup(Na/Ca/K)5-6[Al8-9 Si27-28 O72] · nH2O
Caⓘ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Caⓘ MalayaiteCaSn(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Caⓘ RynersoniteCaTa2O6
Caⓘ StokesiteCaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
Caⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
Caⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Herderite-Hydroxylherderite Series
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
MnManganese
Mnⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Mnⓘ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Mnⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
FeIron
Feⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ NontroniteNa0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Feⓘ SchorlNaFe32+Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Feⓘ Oxy-schorlNa(Fe22+Al)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3O
ZnZinc
Znⓘ GahniteZnAl2O4
SrStrontium
Srⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
YYttrium
Yⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zrⓘ Zircon var. Uranium-bearing ZirconZr(SiO4)
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ FersmiteCaNb2O6
Nbⓘ Columbite-(Mn)Mn2+Nb2O6
Nbⓘ StibiotantaliteSb(Ta,Nb)O4
Nbⓘ StibiocolumbiteSb(Nb,Ta)O4
Nbⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
SnTin
Snⓘ CassiteriteSnO2
Snⓘ MalayaiteCaSn(SiO4)O
Snⓘ StokesiteCaSn[Si3O9] · 2H2O
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ StibiotantaliteSb(Ta,Nb)O4
Sbⓘ StibiocolumbiteSb(Nb,Ta)O4
CsCaesium
Csⓘ Pollucite(Cs,Na)2(Al2Si4O12) · 2H2O
BaBarium
Baⓘ Todorokite(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)6O12 · 3-4H2O
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Microlite GroupA2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Taⓘ RynersoniteCaTa2O6
Taⓘ StibiotantaliteSb(Ta,Nb)O4
Taⓘ Microlite Group var. Stannomicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n
Taⓘ StibiocolumbiteSb(Nb,Ta)O4
Taⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7
BiBismuth
Biⓘ BeyeriteCa(BiO)2(CO3)2
ThThorium
Thⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Thⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite(Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
UUranium
Uⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite(Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x
Uⓘ Uranmicrolite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Na)2-x(Ta,Nb)2(O,OH)7

Mindat Articles

The J. G. Braye Residence and Bunk House by J. S. Lewis & E. M. Ramsey 1988 by Scott L. Ritchie
The Treasure of the Himalaya Mine by Veryle Carnahan 1960 by Scott L. Ritchie


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