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VOOZH | about |
| Regional Level Types | |
|---|---|
| Landsverk | Farm |
| Evje og Hornnes | Municipality |
| Agder | County |
| Norway | Country |
| Place | Population | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Byglandsfjord | 332 (2014) | 8.5km |
| Birkeland | 2,254 (2010) | 36.4km |
| Vennesla | 10,931 (2014) | 36.8km |
| Tveit | 1,397 (2010) | 42.8km |
| Strai | 1,266 (2013) | 45.2km |
| Club | Location | Distance |
|---|---|---|
| Sørlandets Geologiforening | Kristiansand | 49km |
| ⓘ 'Aeschynite Group' Formula: AD2O6 References: |
| ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) Formula: Y(TiNb)O6 |
| ⓘ Albite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite Formula: Na(AlSi3O8) References: |
| ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar' |
| ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ 'Allanite Group' Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) References: |
| ⓘ Analcime Formula: Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O Habit: up to 5 mm large xls Colour: white |
| ⓘ 'Apatite' Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ Bavenite Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 References: |
| ⓘ Beryl Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 Localities: Landsverk 4 Feldspar Quarry (Furulunden), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 2 Feldspar Quarries (Rumpetrollskjerpet), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 3 Feldspar Quarry, Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway |
| ⓘ Bismuthinite Formula: Bi2S3 Localities: Landsverk 2 Feldspar Quarries (Rumpetrollskjerpet), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 3 Feldspar Quarry, Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Olav Kjebekk Feldspar Quarry, Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway |
| ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 References: |
| ⓘ 'Chabazite' References: |
| ⓘ 'Chalcodite' Formula: K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 References: |
| ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 References: |
| ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' References: |
| ⓘ Chrysoberyl ? Formula: BeAl2O4 |
| ⓘ Clinochlore ? Formula: Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) Formula: Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) ? Formula: Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 Description: A find of Davidite-(Ce) from this quarry is not verified. Specimen of Davidite-(Ce) in collections is labelled with only "Landsverk", and might actually come from or any of the other quarries in the area. |
| ⓘ Epidote Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) Localities: Landsverk epidote occurrence, Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 2 Feldspar Quarries (Rumpetrollskjerpet), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway Gudmunds Feldspar Quarry, Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway |
| ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) Formula: (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) Formula: YNbO4 Description: Discovered by P. Schei in the 1880s References: |
| ⓘ Fersmite Formula: CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ Fluorapatite Formula: Ca5(PO4)3F |
| ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 References: |
| ⓘ ' Locality: Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway - erroneously reported Description: Gadolinite specimens were traditionally labelled with only "Landsverk" as locality name. It is almost 100% certain that in all cases gadolinite is from either Landsverk 3 or one of the other neighbouring quarries. References: Olav RevheimIdentification: Dealer/Collection Label |
| ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS |
| ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ 'Gummite' ? |
| ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ Hematite Formula: Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ Ilmenite Formula: Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ 'K Feldspar' |
| ⓘ Laumontite ? Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O Description: Laumontite was reported in old literature (Schei 1905), but a modern confirmation is lacking. In the collection of the Evje og Hornnes geomuseum Fennefoss there is no laumontite. What actually has been found, also in recent times, are epimorphs/pseudomorphs of a mix of albite/microcline/chlorite after a mineral that by crystal shape actually might have been laumontite. The perimorphs/pseudomorphs form long prismatic "tubes", sometimes empty sometimes filled with the above-mentioned mix. The end termination is a single plane at an angle that corresponds pretty well with laumontite. References: |
| ⓘ 'Limonite' ? |
| ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ Malachite Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 Colour: Green Description: The Evje og Hornnes museum Fennefoss has two samples in the collection with what is almost beyond a shadow of doubt malachite. I cannot think of any other mineral it could be. References: |
| ⓘ Microcline Formula: K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite Formula: K(AlSi3O8) Localities: Description: Amazonite from the Landsverk 1 is probably the best found in Norway. The colour can be very intense green, and large pieces are used for cutting cabochons.
In the past many tons of cutting-grade have been mined. A lot of the material was exported to the gemstone industry in Idar-Oberstein, Germany. |
| ⓘ 'Microlite Group' Formula: A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 |
| ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) Formula: Ce(PO4) Localities: Description: The Landsverk 1 quarry has yielded several specimens with intriguing monazite-(Ce)crystals like this one:
https://www.mindat.org/photo-21294.html
Originally, the monazite was partly/completely hidden under chloritized biotite, which had to be removed. |
| ⓘ 'Monazite Group' Formula: REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ Montmorillonite Formula: (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Muscovite Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ Opal Formula: SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite Formula: SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ 'Plagioclase' Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Description: Pyrite occurs predominantly as cubes in the Landsverk 1 quarry.
Considerable amounts have been found in a chloritized zone not far into the quarry in the north wall.
However, nowadays it is getting increasingly harder to get out good crystals, if at all. It might very well be the case that this zone is depleted.
Elsewhere in the quarry, pyrite is rare.
An attractive rarity are pyrite crystals perched on crusts of tiny microcline crystals, sometimes forming a geode. |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) References: |
| ⓘ Pyrophanite Formula: Mn2+TiO3 References: |
| ⓘ Pyrrhotite ? Formula: Fe1-xS Description: has been found in other pegmatites in the Evje-Iveland pegmatite field, but it has been said that it is more likely in the case of Landsverk 1, that it was ore from the Flåt nickel mine, that fell off the cableway while being transported to the smelter in Evje (Ronald Werner commentary 11.01.2018) |
| ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region. Description: Quartz forms beautiful crystals and groups of crystals in the Landsverk 1 quarry, with unusual growth phenomena.
-Combinations with stilpnomelane and/or chlorite
-Gemstone quality rock crystal, citrine and smoky quartz
-Multiple zonated crystals
-Crystals with one or more generations overgrowing a primary crystal covered by stilpnomelane/chlorite
During its lifespan the Landsverk 1 quarry has produced huge amounts of quartz crystals, and has great potential for future finds.
The combination with stilpnomelane seems to be rare worldwide as judging from Mindat, and the quality from Landsverk 1 is superior as compared with that of other localities. |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal Formula: SiO2 |
| ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz Formula: SiO2 References: |
| ⓘ Rutile Formula: TiO2 |
| ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile Formula: (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) Formula: YFe3+Nb2O8 References: |
| ⓘ Schröckingerite Formula: NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O References: |
| ⓘ Spessartine Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 References: |
| ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS References: |
| ⓘ Stilbite-Ca ? Formula: NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O Description: Described by Revheim (2007) but without any analysis that would determine the dominant kation. |
| ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup' Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ Stilpnomelane Formula: (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| ⓘ Formula: ThO2 Locality: Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli), Landsverk, Evje og Hornnes, Agder, Norway - erroneously reported Description: Probably confused with thorite which occurs here. |
| ⓘ Thorite Formula: Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ Thorite var. Orangite Formula: Th(SiO4) References: |
| ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite ? Formula: (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| ⓘ Thortveitite Formula: Sc2Si2O7 Localities: Description: In the summer of 1903 P. Schei found a mineral he could not identify in this quarry, and on the label he wrote "Epidote". Later, samples of an unknown mineral from were shown to feldspar dealer Olaus Thortveit, who subsequently sent them in 1910 to Oslo. It was described in 1911 by Schetelig and named after Olaus Thortveit.
Local collector and miner Theodor Gautestad found many kilos of thortveitite in this quarry, among which possibly the best single crystal in existance:
https://www.mindat.org/photo-662863.html
This specimen is at display in the l'Ecole des Mines in Paris, France.
Much of the thortveitite Gautestad found, was sold to the duPont company in the USA for research purposes.
|
| ⓘ Titanite Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ Topaz Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ Uraninite Formula: UO2 |
| ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) Formula: Y(PO4) References: |
| ⓘ Zircon Formula: Zr(SiO4) References: |
| ⓘ Zircon var. Alvite Formula: Zr(SiO4) References: |
| Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
| ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrrhotite ? | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
| ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
| ⓘ | Bismuthinite | 2.DB.05 | Bi2S3 |
| ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
| ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
| Group 3 - Halides | |||
| ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
| Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
| ⓘ | 'Microlite Group' | 4.00. | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| ⓘ | Chrysoberyl ? | 4.BA.05 | BeAl2O4 |
| ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| ⓘ | Hematite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2O3 |
| ⓘ | Ilmenite | 4.CB.05 | Fe2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Pyrophanite | 4.CB.05 | Mn2+TiO3 |
| ⓘ | Davidite-(Ce) ? | 4.CC.40 | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| ⓘ | Quartz var. Amethyst | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Citrine | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 | |
| ⓘ | var. Smoky Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | var. Rock Crystal | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
| ⓘ | Opal | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | var. Hyalite | 4.DA.10 | SiO2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | 4.DB.05 | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| ⓘ | 4.DB.05 | TiO2 | |
| ⓘ | Samarskite-(Y) | 4.DB.25 | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| ⓘ | Columbite-(Fe) | 4.DB.35 | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Aeschynite-(Y) | 4.DF.05 | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| ⓘ | Euxenite-(Y) | 4.DG.05 | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| ⓘ | Fersmite | 4.DG.05 | CaNb2O6 |
| ⓘ | Thorianite ? | 4.DL.05 | ThO2 |
| ⓘ | Uraninite | 4.DL.05 | UO2 |
| ⓘ | 'Aeschynite Group' | 4.DL.05 | AD2O6 |
| Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
| ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
| ⓘ | Malachite | 5.BA.10 | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Schröckingerite | 5.EG.05 | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
| ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| ⓘ | Fergusonite-(Y) | 7.GA.05 | YNbO4 |
| Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
| ⓘ | Xenotime-(Y) | 8.AD.35 | Y(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Monazite-(Ce) | 8.AD.50 | Ce(PO4) |
| ⓘ | Fluorapatite | 8.BN.05 | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Group 9 - Silicates | |||
| ⓘ | Spessartine | 9.AD.25 | Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | Zircon var. Alvite | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Thorite var. Orangite | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | 9.AD.30 | Th(SiO4) | |
| ⓘ | var. Thorogummite ? | 9.AD.30 | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| ⓘ | Zircon | 9.AD.30 | Zr(SiO4) |
| ⓘ | Topaz | 9.AF.35 | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Titanite | 9.AG.15 | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| ⓘ | Thortveitite | 9.BC.05 | Sc2Si2O7 |
| ⓘ | Epidote | 9.BG.05a | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Allanite-(Ce) | 9.BG.05b | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| ⓘ | Beryl | 9.CJ.05 | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| ⓘ | Bavenite | 9.DF.25 | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Muscovite | 9.EC.15 | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| ⓘ | Montmorillonite | 9.EC.40 | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | Clinochlore ? | 9.EC.55 | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| ⓘ | Stilpnomelane | 9.EG.40 | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Chalcodite' | 9.EG.40 | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| ⓘ | Microcline var. Amazonite | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | 9.FA.30 | K(AlSi3O8) | |
| ⓘ | Albite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | var. Cleavelandite | 9.FA.35 | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| ⓘ | Analcime | 9.GB.05 | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| ⓘ | Laumontite ? | 9.GB.10 | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| ⓘ | Stilbite-Ca ? | 9.GE.10 | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Unclassified | |||
| ⓘ | 'Alkali Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)' | - | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| ⓘ | 'Chabazite' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Gummite' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Limonite' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Monazite Group' | - | REE(PO4) |
| ⓘ | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| ⓘ | 'Plagioclase' | - | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| ⓘ | 'K Feldspar' | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| ⓘ | 'Gadolinite' ? | - | |
| ⓘ | 'Pyrochlore Supergroup' | - | A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n |
| ⓘ | 'Apatite' | - | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| ⓘ | 'Allanite Group' | - | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | Hydrogen | |
|---|---|---|
| H | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| H | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| H | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| H | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| H | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| H | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| H | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| H | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| H | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| H | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| H | ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite | SiO2 · nH2O |
| H | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| H | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Be | Beryllium | |
| Be | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Be | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Be | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| C | Carbon | |
| C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| C | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| C | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| O | Oxygen | |
| O | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| O | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon var. Alvite | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| O | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| O | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| O | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| O | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| O | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| O | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| O | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| O | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| O | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| O | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| O | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Thorite var. Orangite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| O | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Thorianite | ThO2 |
| O | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| O | ⓘ Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| O | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| O | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| O | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| O | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| O | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| O | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| O | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| O | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| O | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| O | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| O | ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite | SiO2 · nH2O |
| O | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| O | ⓘ Aeschynite Group | AD2O6 |
| O | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| F | Fluorine | |
| F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| F | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| F | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| F | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| F | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| F | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Na | Sodium | |
| Na | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Na | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Na | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Na | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Na | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Mg | Magnesium | |
| Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Mg | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Mg | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Mg | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Al | Aluminium | |
| Al | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Al | ⓘ Chrysoberyl | BeAl2O4 |
| Al | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Al | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Al | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Al | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Al | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Al | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Al | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Al | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Si | Silicon | |
| Si | ⓘ Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon var. Alvite | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Analcime | Na(AlSi2O6) · H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Citrine | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| Si | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Si | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Opal | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite var. Orangite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| Si | ⓘ Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| Si | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Si | ⓘ Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| Si | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Si | ⓘ Quartz var. Rock Crystal | SiO2 |
| Si | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Si | ⓘ Albite var. Cleavelandite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
| Si | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
| Si | ⓘ Opal var. Hyalite | SiO2 · nH2O |
| Si | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Si | ⓘ Allanite Group | (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| P | Phosphorus | |
| P | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| P | ⓘ Monazite Group | REE(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| P | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| S | Sulfur | |
| S | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| S | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Cl | Chlorine | |
| Cl | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| K | Potassium | |
| K | ⓘ Microcline var. Amazonite | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| K | ⓘ Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
| K | ⓘ Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| K | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| K | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Ca | Calcium | |
| Ca | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Bavenite | Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
| Ca | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ca | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorapatite | Ca5(PO4)3F |
| Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
| Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Laumontite | CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| Ca | ⓘ Stilbite-Ca | NaCa4(Si27Al9)O72 · 28H2O |
| Ca | ⓘ Plagioclase | (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8 |
| Ca | ⓘ Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| Sc | Scandium | |
| Sc | ⓘ Thortveitite | Sc2Si2O7 |
| Ti | Titanium | |
| Ti | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Ti | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ti | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Ti | ⓘ Rutile | TiO2 |
| Ti | ⓘ Titanite | CaTi(SiO4)O |
| V | Vanadium | |
| V | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Cr | Chromium | |
| Cr | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Mn | Manganese | |
| Mn | ⓘ Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| Mn | ⓘ Spessartine | Mn32+Al2(SiO4)3 |
| Fe | Iron | |
| Fe | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Fe | ⓘ Epidote | (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Fe | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Fe | ⓘ Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
| Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
| Fe | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Fe | ⓘ Stilpnomelane | (K,Ca,Na)(Fe,Mg,Al)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)36 · nH2O |
| Fe | ⓘ Chalcodite | K(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)27 |
| Cu | Copper | |
| Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| Cu | ⓘ Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| Zn | Zinc | |
| Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
| Y | Yttrium | |
| Y | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Y | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Y | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Y | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Y | ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) | Y(PO4) |
| Zr | Zirconium | |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon var. Alvite | Zr(SiO4) |
| Zr | ⓘ Zircon | Zr(SiO4) |
| Nb | Niobium | |
| Nb | ⓘ Aeschynite-(Y) | Y(TiNb)O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Nb | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Fergusonite-(Y) | YNbO4 |
| Nb | ⓘ Columbite-(Fe) | Fe2+Nb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Fersmite | CaNb2O6 |
| Nb | ⓘ Rutile var. Ilmenorutile | (Ti,Nb)O2 |
| Nb | ⓘ Samarskite-(Y) | YFe3+Nb2O8 |
| Mo | Molybdenum | |
| Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
| Ce | Cerium | |
| Ce | ⓘ Allanite-(Ce) | (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH) |
| Ce | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| Ce | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ce | ⓘ Monazite-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) |
| Ta | Tantalum | |
| Ta | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| Ta | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Ta | ⓘ Microlite Group | A2-mTa2X6-wZ-n |
| Pb | Lead | |
| Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
| Bi | Bismuth | |
| Bi | ⓘ Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
| Th | Thorium | |
| Th | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite var. Orangite | Th(SiO4) |
| Th | ⓘ Thorianite | ThO2 |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite | Th(SiO4) |
| Th | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| U | Uranium | |
| U | ⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977) | (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH) |
| U | ⓘ Davidite-(Ce) | Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38 |
| U | ⓘ Euxenite-(Y) | (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6 |
| U | ⓘ Schröckingerite | NaCa3(UO2)(CO3)3(SO4)F · 10H2O |
| U | ⓘ Thorite var. Thorogummite | (Th,U)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x |
| U | ⓘ Uraninite | UO2 |
| Geologic Time | Rocks, Minerals and Events | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precambrian | |||||||
| Proterozoic | |||||||
| Neoproterozoic | |||||||
| Tonian |
| ||||||