2.JB.30a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb

Dana 8th ed.:

3.3.1.2

3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4

Hey's CIM Ref.:

5.6.22

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Geo	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of GeocroniteHide

Lustre:

Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Light lead gray to grayish

Streak:

Light leadgray to grayish blue

Hardness:

2½ - 3 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=144 - 160 kg/mm² - Vickers

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Distinct on {011}.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

6.46 g/cm³ (Measured)

Optical Data of GeocroniteHide

Anisotropism:

Moderate

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁ (%)	R₂ (%)
400nm	40.5%	45.3%
420nm	40.4%	45.0%
440nm	40.0%	44.4%
460nm	39.7%	43.9%
480nm	39.5%	43.6%
500nm	39.3%	43.2%
520nm	39.1%	42.8%
540nm	38.8%	42.3%
560nm	38.6%	41.9%
580nm	38.3%	41.5%
600nm	38.0%	41.1%
620nm	37.7%	40.6%
640nm	37.2%	40.1%
660nm	36.5%	39.4%
680nm	35.9%	38.8%
700nm	35.1%	38.2%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Peak reflectance is 45.3%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in

Colour in reflected light:

Pure white

Pleochroism:

Weak

Chemistry of GeocroniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₁₄Sb₆S₂₃

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Pb	66.397 %
S	16.881 %
Sb	16.722 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Pb, S, Sb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of GeocroniteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/m

Setting:

P2₁/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.963 Å, b = 31.93 Å, c = 8.500 Å
β = 118.02(1)°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.281 : 1 : 0.266

Unit Cell V:

2,147.46 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Tabular, massive, earthy. Crystals rare, but up to 8cm.

Twinning:

Common on {001}, lamellar.

Crystallographic forms of GeocroniteHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Geocronite - Contact twin on {110}

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Geocronite - {001}, {225}, {011}

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0020595	Geocronite	Biagioni C, Dini A, Orlandi P, Moelo Y, Pasero M, Zaccarini F (2016) Lead-antimony sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XX. Members of the jordanite-geocronite series from the Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci: Occurrence and crystal structures Minerals 6 doi:10.3390	2016	Pollone mine, Valdicastello Carducci, Pietrasanta, Tuscany, Italy	0	293
0000530	Geocronite	Birnie R W, Burnham C W (1976) The crystal structure and extent of solid solution of geocronite American Mineralogist 61 963-970	👁 Image	1976	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.71 Å	(60)
3.54 Å	(100)
3.39 Å	(80)
3.18 Å	(86)
3.06 Å	(90)
2.98 Å	(70)
2.89 Å	(90)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere	>4.45
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Geological Setting:

Hydrothermal veins

Type Occurrence of GeocroniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Sala Silver Mine, Sala, Sala Municipality, Västmanland County, Sweden

Synonyms of GeocroniteHide

Other Language Names for GeocroniteHide

Dutch:Geocroniet

German:Geokronit
Geocronit
Kilbrickenit
Schulzit

Russian:Геокронит

Simplified Chinese:砷硫锑铅矿
硫砷锑铅矿

Spanish:Geocronita
Kilbrickenita

Relationship of Geocronite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Jordanite Homologous Series Group

Other Members of Jordanite Homologous Series:

Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
Gratonite	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	Trig. 3m : R3m
Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1

Forms a series with:

Jordanite

Geocronite-Jordanite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

43 photos of Geocronite associated with Galena	PbS
35 photos of Geocronite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
26 photos of Geocronite associated with Fluorite	CaF₂
16 photos of Geocronite associated with Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
14 photos of Geocronite associated with Falkmanite	Pb₃Sb₂S₆
14 photos of Geocronite associated with Pyrite	FeS₂
13 photos of Geocronite associated with Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃
12 photos of Geocronite associated with Sphalerite	ZnS
8 photos of Geocronite associated with Boulangerite	Pb₅Sb₄S₁₁
5 photos of Geocronite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

2.JB.	Clino-oscarkempffite	Ag₁₅Pb₆Sb₂₁Bi₁₈S₇₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Arsenquatrandorite	Ag_17.6Pb_12.8Sb_38.1As_11.5S₉₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Ginelfite	Ag₂(Ag_0.5Fe)TlPb_23.5(Sb,As)_33.5S₇₆	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Andreadiniite	CuHgAg₇Pb₇Sb₂₄S₄₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Chukotkaite	AgPb₇Sb₅S₁₅	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Selenojunoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈Se₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.	Lechnerite	Ag₁₀Cu₄HgPb₃₃Sb₅₈S₁₂₈	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Cuprosenandorite	Ag₁₆Cu₈Pb₂₄Sb₇₂S₁₄₄	Orth. mm2 : Pna2₁
2.JB.	Morleyite	Ag₂CuPb₂₅Sb₂₄As₄S_68.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Lazerckerite	Ag_3.75Pb_4.50(Sb_7.75Bi₄)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.	Lasmanisite	Ag₁₂Pb₁₃Mn₁₁Sb₄₄S₉₆	Orth. 222 : P2₁2₁2₁
2.JB.	Montpelvouxite	AgPb₁₆Sb₂₇As₁₈S₈₄	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.	Senandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Orth. mm2 : Pmn2₁
2.JB.	Oscarkempffite	Ag₁₀Pb₄(Sb₁₇Bi₉)S₄₈	Orth. mm2
2.JB.05	Diaphorite	Ag₃Pb₂Sb₃S₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.10	Cosalite	Pb₂Bi₂S₅	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.15	Marrite	AgPbAsS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.15	Freieslebenite	AgPbSbS₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.20	Cannizzarite	Pb₄₈Bi₅₆S₁₃₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.20	Wittite	Pb₉Bi₁₂(S,Se)₂₇	Mon.
2.JB.25j	Rouxelite	Cu₂HgPb₂₃Sb₂₇S_65.5	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.25i	Neyite	Ag₂Cu₆Pb₂₅Bi₂₆S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25a	Junoite	Cu₂Pb₃Bi₈(S,Se)₁₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25f	Ángelaite	Cu₂AgPbBiS₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25e	Galenobismutite	PbBi₂S₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25c	Nordströmite	CuPb₃Bi₇(Se₄S₁₀)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.25i	Cuproneyite	Cu₇Pb₂₇Bi₂₅S₆₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25g	Nuffieldite	Cu_1.4Pb_2.4Bi_2.4Sb_0.2S₇	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.25h	Weibullite	Pb₅Bi₈Se₇S₁₁	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.25d	Proudite	CuPb_7.5Bi_9.33(S,Se)₂₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.25b	Felbertalite	Cu₂Pb₆Bi₈S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.30a	Jordanite	Pb₁₄As₆S₂₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30a	Arsenmarcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(As_3.2Sb_2.8)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.30b	Kirkiite	Pb₁₀Bi₃As₃S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
2.JB.30c	Tsugaruite	Pb₂₈As₁₅S₅₀Cl	Orth. mm2 : Pnn2
2.JB.30a	Marcobaldiite	Pb₁₂(Sb₃As₂Bi)_Σ6S₂₁	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.35d	Pellouxite	(Cu,Ag)Pb₁₀Sb₁₂S₂₇O(Cl,S)_0.6	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35e	Chovanite	Pb_15-2xSb_14+2xS₃₆O_x (x ~ 0.2)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35a	Zinkenite	Pb₉Sb₂₂S₄₂	Hex. 6 : P6₃
2.JB.35c	Pillaite	Pb₉Sb₁₀S₂₃ClO_0.5	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35b	Scainiite	Pb₁₄Sb₃₀S₅₄O₅	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.35f	Tubulite	Ag₂Pb₂₂Sb₂₀S₅₃	Mon. m : Pb
2.JB.40a	Fizélyite	Ag₅Pb₁₄Sb₂₁S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Ramdohrite	Pb_5.9Fe_0.1Mn_0.1In_0.1Cd_0.2Ag_2.8Sb_10.8S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40e	Ustarasite	Pb(Bi,Sb)₆S₁₀ (?)
2.JB.40a	'Bursaite'	Pb₅Bi₄S₁₁ (?)	Orth.
2.JB.40	'UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)₅Pb₅Bi₁₁S₂₇
2.JB.40	'UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb'	(Pb,Hg)₁₂(Cu,Ag)₃(Bi,Sb)₁₀(S,Te)₂₇
2.JB.40a	Terrywallaceite	AgPb(Sb,Bi)₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Jasrouxite	Ag₁₆Pb₄(Sb₂₄As₁₆)S₇₂	Tric. 1 : P1
2.JB.40a	Tarutinoite	Ag₃Pb₇Bi₇S₁₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Oyonite	Ag₃Mn₂Pb₄Sb₇As₄S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40b	Heyrovskýite	Pb₆Bi₂S₉	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cccm
2.JB.40a	Quatrandorite	AgPbSb₃S₆	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Erzwiesite	Ag₈Pb₁₂Bi₁₆S₄₀	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Vikingite	Ag₅Pb₈Bi₁₃S₃₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40a	Lillianite	Pb_3-2xAg_xBi_2+xS₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.40b	Baiamareite	Ag₄Pb₁₂Fe₄Sb₂₀S₄₈	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Staročeskéite	Ag_0.70Pb_1.60(Bi_1.35Sb_1.35)_Σ2.70S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
2.JB.40a	Roshchinite	Ag₁₉Pb₁₀Sb₅₁S₉₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
2.JB.40b	Aschamalmite	Pb_6-3xBi_2+xS₉	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.40b	Eskimoite	Ag₇Pb₁₀Bi₁₅S₃₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Menchettiite	AgPb_2.40Mn_1.60Sb₃As₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Holubite	Ag₃Pb₆(Sb₈Bi₃)S₂₄	Mon. 2/m
2.JB.40a	Brusnitsynite	Mn₃CuPbAs₃Sb₂S₁₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
2.JB.40a	Treasurite	Ag₇Pb₆Bi₁₅S₃₂	Mon.
2.JB.40c	Ourayite	Ag₃Pb₄Bi₅S₁₃	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Uchucchacuaite	AgMnPb₃Sb₅S₁₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmmm
2.JB.40d	'Schirmerite'	PbAgBi₃S₆ - Pb₃Ag_1.5Bi_3.5S₉	Orth.
2.JB.40a	Xilingolite	Pb₃Bi₂S₆	Mon.
2.JB.40a	Gustavite	AgPbBi₃S₆	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
2.JB.55	Gratonite	Pb₉As₄S₁₅	Trig. 3m : R3m
2.JB.60	Marrucciite	Hg₃Pb₁₆Sb₁₈S₄₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.JB.65	Vurroite	Pb₂₀Sn₂(Bi,As)₂₂S₅₄Cl₆	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.65	Tazieffite	Pb₂₀Cd₂(As,Bi)₂₂S₅₀Cl₁₀	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.JB.70	Daliranite	PbHgAs₂S₅	Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for GeocroniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-1674.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

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References for GeocroniteHide

Reference List:

Svanberg (1839) Ak. Stockholm, Handl.: 184.

Svanberg, L. F. (1840) Untersuchung des Geokronit und Hydrophit, zweier in Schweden vorkommenden neuen Mineralien. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, 127. 535-538 doi:10.1002/andp.18401271210

Svanberg, L.F. (1841) Undersökning af geokronit och hydrofit, tvenne inom Sverige förekommande nya mineralier. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar: 1839: 184-187.

Apjohn (1841), Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: 1: 469.

Hausmann (1847): 166.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.395-397

Douglass, Robert M.; Murphy, Michael J.; Pabst, A. (1954) Geocronite. American Mineralogist, 39 (11-12). 908-928

Birnie, Richard W., Burnham, Charles W. (1976) The crystal structure and extent of solid solution of geocronite. American Mineralogist, 61 (9-10) 963-970

(2005) Geocronite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Biagioni, Cristian; Dini, Andrea; Orlandi, Paolo; Moëlo, Yves; Pasero, Marco; Zaccarini, Federica (2016) Lead-Antimony Sulfosalts from Tuscany (Italy). XX. Members of the Jordanite–Geocronite Series from the Pollone Mine, Valdicastello Carducci: Occurrence and Crystal Structures. Minerals, 6 (1). 15 doi:10.3390/min6010015

Vakh, A. S.; Avchenko, O. V.; Goryachev, N. A.; Gvozdev, V. I.; Karabtsov, A. A. (2016) New data on the composition of jordanite–geocronite Pb–Sb–As sulfosalts at the Berezitovoe deposit (Upper Amur Region, Russia). Doklady Earth Sciences, 467 (2). 402-407 doi:10.1134/s1028334x16040231

Apopei, A. I., Damian, G., Buzgar, N., Buzatu, A., Andráš, P., Milovska, S. (2017) The determination of the Sb/As content in natural tetrahedrite–tennantite and bournonite–seligmannite solid solution series by Raman spectroscopy. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (6) 1439-1456 doi:10.1180/minmag.2017.081.008

Meng, Songning; Meng, Yumiao; Huang, Xiaowen; Gu, Xiangping; Shi, Zeming; Hu, Ruizhong; Bi, Xianwu (2026) Genesis of jordanite-geocronite solid solution series in the Huize Pb-Zn deposit, SW China: Implications for fluid evolution in the late mineralization stage. American Mineralogist, 111 (3). 394-409 doi:10.2138/am-2024-9708

Localities for GeocroniteHide

Showing 187 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the 👁 Image
symbol to view information about a locality. The 👁 Image
symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

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Locality ListHide

👁 Image
- This locality has map coordinates listed. 👁 Image
- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. 👁 Image
- Good crystals or important locality for species. 👁 Image
- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Albania
Lezhë County Mirditë ⓘ Munelle Mine	Lips (2006)
Argentina
Jujuy Province Rinconada Department Mina Pirquitas ⓘ Pirquitas Mine	Silver Standard Resources Inc
Salta Province Los Andes department San Antonio de los Cobres El Quevar mining district ⓘ Armonía Mine	ROBL +1 other reference
ⓘ El Quevar Mine	Brodtkorb (2002)
ⓘ Vince Mine	ROBL +1 other reference
San Juan Province Caucete Department La Huerta Range Marayes mining district ⓘ Caledonia Group mines	February 2009 +3 other references
Armenia
Syunik Province Sisian ⓘ Mardzhan deposit	Kukulyan (1988)
Australia
Northern Territory Coomalie Shire Batchelor ⓘ Woodcutters Mine	Fleminig +1 other reference
Austria
Salzburg St. Johann im Pongau District Bad Gastein Naßfeld valley Kreuzkogel massif Radhausberg ⓘ Gold Mines	Strasser (1989)
Forstau ⓘ Kranzlhöhe	Schachinger et al. (2014)
Tamsweg District Weißpriach ⓘ Lungauer Kalkspitze (incl. Znachsattel; "Im Kalk")	Schachinger et al. (2014)
Styria Liezen District Schladming Giglach valley Giglach lakes ⓘ Steirische Kalkspitze (incl. Akarscharte; Akharscharte)	Schachinger et al. (2014)
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Obernberg am Brenner ⓘ Lead mines	Kolitsch et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Azerbaijan
Balakan District Belokan-Avar ore district ⓘ Filizchai deposit	- (2005) +1 other reference
Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic Shahbuz District ⓘ Marjan prospect	Hovakimyan et al. (2019)
Bolivia
La Paz Eliodoro Camacho Province ⓘ Magariñas Mine	Ahlfeld et al. (1964)
Oruro Cercado Province Oruro ⓘ San José Mine	Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)
Potosí Antonio Quijarro Province Uyuni Municipality Huanchaca ⓘ Pulacayo Mine	Wilson (2001)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Republika Srpska Srebrenica ⓘ Čumavići deposit	Radosavljević et al. (2016)
ⓘ Srebrenica orefield	Radosavljevic et al. (2005)
Brazil
Minas Gerais ⓘ Virgem da Lapa 👁 Image	Birch (1977)
Bulgaria
Pernik Province Breznik Municipality ⓘ Milin Kamak deposit	Nikolova et al. (2019)
Sofia City Province Stolichna Municipality Bankya ⓘ Klisura	Stamatova et al. (2004)
Canada
British Columbia Omineca Mining Division Granisle ⓘ Morrison Cu-Au deposit	Singer et al. (2008)
Owen Lake ⓘ Silver Queen Mine (Nadina Mine)	Hood et al. (1991)
Vancouver Mining Division Brandywine Creek Van Silver Property ⓘ Silver tunnel 👁 Image	Woodside et al. (2000)
Manitoba Lynn Lake District ⓘ Agassiz Mine (MacLellan Mine)	Bernhardt Augsten et al. (1986) +1 other reference
New Brunswick Charlotte Co. Saint George Parish ⓘ Mount Pleasant Mine	Adex Mining
Ontario Hastings County Centre Hastings Municipality Madoc ⓘ Taylor Pit	Jambor (1967) +1 other reference
Thunder Bay District Bomby Township ⓘ Hemlo gold deposit	Harris et al. (1988) +2 other references
ⓘ David Bell Mine	Sabina (1991)
Québec Mauricie Mékinac RCM ⓘ Montauban deposit	Tomkins (2007)
Yukon Mayo mining district Macmillan Pass ⓘ Boundary Zone	Grema et al. (2024)
Watson Lake mining district ⓘ Coal River	Evans (1957)
China
Gansu Dingxi Min Co. ⓘ Zhaishang Au deposit	Xinhui Liu et al. (2011) +1 other reference
Guangxi Hechi Nandan County ⓘ Tongkeng-Changpo Mine	Mineral Deposits 4 (1)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Mangnai City (Mangya Co.) ⓘ Hutouya Mine	Aikui Zhang et al. (2013)
Sichuan Garzê Autonomous Prefecture (Ganzi Autonomous Prefecture) Kangding County ⓘ Pianyanzi Au deposit	Weifan Ding (1983) +1 other reference
Mianyang Pingwu Co. Mount Little Xuebaoding Huya township ⓘ Pingwu beryl mine	Yan Liu et al. (2005)
Xinjiang Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Altay Prefecture (Aletai Prefecture) Fuyun Co. (Koktokay Co.) Maizi volcanic-sedimentary basin ⓘ Keketale Pb-Zn deposit	Sun et al. (2022) +1 other reference
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Benešov District Vracovice ⓘ Malovidy	Šrein (2007)
ⓘ Příbram District	David Parfitt collection
Háje Háje deposit ⓘ H32A vein	Dolníček et al. (2023)
ⓘ Uranium Mine No. 16	Josef Vajdak specimens
Radětice Radětice shaft ⓘ S1 vein	Sejkora et al. (2023)
Pardubice Region Chrudim District Prachovice ⓘ Limestone quarry	Rezek +5 other references
Finland
Southwest Finland Salo Kisko ⓘ Metsämonttu mine	Geological Survey of Finland ... +1 other reference
Somero ⓘ Satulinmäki prospect	Eilu (2003)
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Haute-Loire Brioude Saint-Privat-du-Dragon ⓘ Belmont-l'Estaing	Pélisson (1989)
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Charente Confolens ⓘ Ambernac	Picot et al. (1982)
Corrèze Ussel Bort-les-Orgues ⓘ Le Deveix
Ussel ⓘ Les Farges Mine	Brousse (1982)
Occitanie Hérault Béziers Ceilhes-et-Rocozels ⓘ Bournac	M. Munoz (Sb-Pb-Zn-...)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Nice Arrondissement Péone ⓘ Oule ravine	R. Pierrot
Hautes-Alpes Gap Orpierre ⓘ Les Cougnasses mine 👁 Image	Moëlo et al. (1975) +1 other reference
Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Ortenaukreis Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Walenta (1992)
Seelbach Seelbach Weiler ⓘ Michael Mine	Scharrer et al. (2020)
Karlsruhe Region Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Wiesloch ⓘ Gänsberg	undefined +2 other references
ⓘ Segen Gottes Mine	P. Ramdohr
Bavaria Upper Palatinate Tirschenreuth District Leonberg Pfaffenreuth ⓘ Bayerland mine	Rank (1985)
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Altenkirchen-Flammersfeld Bürdenbach ⓘ Louise Mine	Weiß (1990)
Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines)	Voudouris et al. (2003)
Central Macedonia Chalkidiki Aristotelis Kassandra mining district ⓘ Madem-Lakkos	Lapis et al. (July-August 2003)
ⓘ Olympiada
Peloponnese Laconia Monemvasia Molaoi ⓘ Molai deposit	biomine.brgm.fr (2015)
South Aegean Mykonos ⓘ Cape Charos	Wind et al. (2023)
ⓘ Cape Evros	Wind et al. (2023) +1 other reference
Hungary
Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Kazincbarcika District Rudabánya ⓘ Andrássy II. Mine	Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya
ⓘ Polyánka mine
India
Rajasthan Udaipur Division Rajsamand District ⓘ Rajpura-Dariba mine	Dasgupta et al. (1968) +1 other reference
ⓘ Dariba Mine	Mineralogical Magazine 1968 36 : ...
Iran
West Azerbaijan Province Sardasht County Sardasht ⓘ Barika ore deposit	Topa et al. (2013)
Takab County ⓘ Agh-Darreh Mine	Daliran (2008)
ⓘ Zareh Shuran Mine	Asadi +4 other references
Ireland
Connacht Galway County Killimor ⓘ Tynagh Mine	de Haller +2 other references
Munster Clare County Ennis Quin ⓘ Kilbricken Mine (Kilbreckan Mine)	Martin Stolworthy (Personal Collection) +1 other reference
Tipperary County Silvermines District ⓘ Mogul Mine (Garryard Mine; International Mogul Mines)	Taylor (1984)
ⓘ B-Zone 4611 Silver-Rich Pod	Andrew et al. (2025)
Italy
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Borgofranco d'Ivrea Biò ⓘ Borgofranco Mines	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Gonnesa ⓘ San Giovanneddu Mine (S'Ega Porceddu)	Stara et al. (1996)
Iglesias Bindua ⓘ San Giovanni Mine	Fiori et al. (1999)
Tuscany Lucca Province Pietrasanta Valdicastello Carducci ⓘ Pollone Mine	Bramanti A. +2 other references
Stazzema ⓘ Bottino Mine ?	Angelillis R.
Sant'Anna di Stazzema ⓘ Buca dell'Angina Mine	Amodio Morelli L. et al. (Alpi Apuane) +1 other reference
Massa-Carrara Province ⓘ Carrara	Orlandi et al. (1980) +1 other reference
Colonnata quarrying basin ⓘ Calagio quarries (Calagio Quarry; Olmo Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1976) +2 other references
Colonnata ⓘ Gioia quarries	Morino et al. (2016)
Miseglia quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin) Fantiscritti ⓘ Canalgrande Quarry (Canalgrande B Quarry; Montecatini Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1980) +2 other references
ⓘ Carbonera Quarry (Carbonera B Quarry; Vennai Quarry; Carbonera-Vennai-Ciresuola quarries)	Orlandi et al. (2009) +1 other reference
ⓘ Fantiscritti quarries	Orlandi et al. (1980) +1 other reference
ⓘ Lucchetti Quarry (Strinato B Quarry; Strinato Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (2009)
ⓘ Tagliata Quarry (La Tagliata Quarry)	Orlandi et al. (1976) +2 other references
Miseglie quarrying basin (Miseglia-Fantiscritti quarrying basin; Fantiscritti quarrying basin) ⓘ Fantiscritti	Orlandi et al. (1980) +4 other references
Torano quarrying basin ⓘ La Facciata Quarry	Ex F. Mauro Collection +1 other reference
ⓘ Lorano quarries (Lorano I Quarry; Lorano II Quarry; Lorano Quarry)	Franzini et al. (1982)
Massa Casette ⓘ Gioia quarries (Gioia-Casette quarries; Gioia-Casette quarrying basin)	Morino et al. (2016)
Madielle quarrying basin ⓘ Madielle quarries	Gianfranco Ciccolini Collection
Veneto Belluno Province San Pietro di Cadore ⓘ Salafossa Mine (San Marco Mine; S. Marco Mine)	- (n.d.) +1 other reference
Japan
Hokkaidō Prefecture Hiyama Subprefecture Hiyama District Kaminokuni ⓘ Johkoku mine (Jôkoku mine; Jokoku mine)	Matsukuma et al (1981)
Okinawa Prefecture Ishigaki City Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands; Diaoyutai Islands) Okinawa Trough Izena Cauldron ⓘ Hakurei vent	HATSUKAWA et al. (2020)
Shimajiri District Kumejima Daisan-Kume Knoll ⓘ ANA Hydrothermal Field	Torimoto et al. (2018)
Kyrgyzstan
Batken Region Kadamjay District Aydarken ⓘ Khaidarkan Sb-Hg deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993)
ⓘ Chauvai (Chauvay) Sb-Hg Deposit	Kolesar et al. (1993)
Luxembourg
Canton Wiltz Goesdorf ⓘ Goesdorf antimony mine	Filella et al. (2009)
Mongolia
Selenge Province Mandal District ⓘ Gatsuurt project (Gatsuurt placer)	Khishgee et al. (2014)
Norway
Nordland Fauske Sulitjelma Sulitjelma Copper Mines ⓘ	Ramdohr (1938) +1 other reference
Grane Svenningdalen ⓘ Svenningdalen Mines ?	Reusch (1881) +1 other reference
Hemnes Bleikvasslia ⓘ	F.M. Vokes (1963) +2 other references
Pacific Ocean
East Pacific Rise Juan de Fuca Ridge complex Gorda Ridge Southern Gorda Ridge ⓘ Escanaba Trough	Tuomo Törmänen (2005)
Peru
Huancavelica Angaraes Province Ccochaccasa District Julcani mining district ⓘ Julcani Mine	B. Duval
Castrovirreyna Province Castrovirreyna District Bonanza-Seguridad-Yahuarcocha area ⓘ Ruperto adit	Lewis (1964)
ⓘ Caudalosa Mine	Lewis (1964)
Santa Ana District ⓘ Candelaria area	Lewis (1964)
ⓘ Candelaria mine	Lewis (1964)
Huancavelica Province Huachocolpa District ⓘ Huachocolpa mining district	Birnie et al. (1977)
ⓘ Angélica and Elsa mines	Pérez-Puig Obieta et al. (2013)
La Libertad Santiago de Chuco Province Quiruvilca District ⓘ Quiruvilca Mine	Crowley et al. (1997)
Lima Huarochirí Province Chicla District Casapalca ⓘ Casapalca Mine 👁 Image	- (1997)
Yauyos Province ⓘ Yauricocha Mine	Hulse (2015)
Pasco Pasco province Cerro de Pasco Atacocha mining district ⓘ Milpo mine	Brandstetter (2022)
Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Karkonosze County Szklarska Poręba ⓘ Szlifierska Struga	Kozłowski et al. (2024)
ⓘ Wiciarka quarry 2	Kozłowski et al. (2024)
Portugal
Faro Alcoutim Alcoutim e Pereiro ⓘ Cortes Pereira Mine	Alves (n.d.)
Romania
Caraş-Severin County Moldova Nouă ⓘ Moldova Nouă Mine	Ilinca (2012)
ⓘ Sasca Montană	Ilinca (2012)
Hunedoara County Certeju de Sus Bocşa Mare ⓘ Coranda quarry (Coranda open pit; Certej project; Coranda-Hondol ore deposit; Hondol pit)	Apopei et al. (2016) +1 other reference
ⓘ Săcărâmb	Ciobanu et al. (2004) +1 other reference
Maramureș County Baia Mare ⓘ Dealul Crucii adit	Anthony et al. (1990)
Baia Sprie ⓘ Baia Sprie mine	Buzatu et al. (2015)
Russia
Amur Oblast Urusha-Oldoi ore district ⓘ Berezitovy mine (Berezitovoe; Konstantinovskii)	Nordgold
Republic of Karelia Pitkyarantsky District Alattu-Pakula-Janis ore field ⓘ Pakula gold prospect	Ivashchenko (2024)
Sverdlovsk Oblast Serovsky District Turya river Tur'insk ⓘ Vorontsovskoe deposit (Vorontsovsk gold deposit; Vorontsovka deposit)	Vikentyev (2015) +3 other references
Zabaykalsky Krai Tungokochensky District Vershino-Darasunskiy ⓘ Darasun mine	Spiridonov et al. (2010) +2 other references
Serbia
ⓘ Boranja orefield	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kolarice deposit	Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2016)
Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Brezno District Vaľkovňa ⓘ Lívius and Samuel Mine	Koděra (1986)
Revúca District Chyžné ⓘ Herichová	Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) +1 other reference
Košice Region Rožňava District Čučma ⓘ Sb deposit (Matej; Gabriela and Klement Mine)	Koděra (1986)
ⓘ Nižná Slaná	Koděra (1986)
ⓘ Manó deposit	Koděra (1986)
Rožňava ⓘ Grexa	Koděra (1986)
Prešov Region Prešov District Zlatá Baňa ⓘ Zlatá Baňa deposit	Duda et. all.
Žilina Region Liptovský Mikuláš District Liptovské Kľačany ⓘ Kľačianka	Topa et al. (2012) +1 other reference
Partizánska Ľupča ⓘ Magurka Au-Sb deposit	Martin Števko-unpublished
Spain
Andalusia Almería Pechina Baños de Alhamilla ⓘ Mina Casualidad	Rewitzer et al. (2019)
Sweden
Dalarna County Falun ⓘ Falun mine
Örebro County Hällefors Grythyttan ⓘ Björskogsnäs	Burke et al. (1990)
Östergötland County Finspång Doverstorp ore field ⓘ Sätra Mine	Zakrzewski et al. (1982)
Värmland County Filipstad ⓘ Nordmark Odal Field	Ulf Nyberg collection +1 other reference
ⓘ Storgruvan	Ulf Nyberg photo & specimen
Västmanland County Sala Municipality Sala ⓘ Bronäs mine	Jansson et al. (2022)
ⓘ Sala Silver Mine (TL)	Am Min 39 (1954) +1 other reference
Switzerland
Valais Goms Binn Fäld ⓘ Lengenbach Quarry	Roth et al. (2023)
Giessen ⓘ Turtschi	Stalder et al. (1998)
Sierre Lens ⓘ La Plâtrière quarry	Ansermet et al. (2011)
Taiwan
New Taipei City Ruifang District Chinkuashih mine ⓘ Penshan Orebody (Penshan Vein; The Main Vein)	Yang et al. (1982)
Turkey
Ankara Province Kızılcahamam District ⓘ Işik Dağı (Isikdǎg)	Sharp et al. (2007)
UK
England Cornwall St Endellion ⓘ Treore Mine	Birnie et al. (1976) +2 other references
USA
Alaska Juneau Admiralty Mining District ⓘ Greens Creek (Big Sore Mine)	Taylor
Arizona Maricopa County Lion Mountain ⓘ Story Mine (Tri-Metals Mine; Saddle Mountain Mine)	Orr (1990)
California Inyo County Darwin Hills ⓘ Darwin Mining District	Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
Inyo Mts (Inyo Range) Cerro Gordo Mining District Cerro Gordo Cerro Gordo Mine ⓘ Santa Maria Mine (Santa Maria claim)	Hanks (1884) +2 other references
Tibbetts Mining District Mazourka Canyon ⓘ Eclipse Mine	[… (abstract) +3 other references
Mono County Prescott area ⓘ Garibaldi Mine	Murdoch (1966)
Colorado Boulder County Jamestown Mining District ⓘ Inexco Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Humboldt Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Summit County ⓘ Montezuma area	Eckel et al. (1997)
ⓘ Maid of Orleans Mine (Jumbo; Little Jumbo)	Eckel et al. (1997)
Idaho Bonner County Clark Fork Mining District Clark Fork ⓘ Hope Mine (Elsie K.)	Rocks & Min. 70:246
Custer County Boulder Creek Mining District Jim Creek ⓘ Livingston Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Mackay Mining District (Alder Creek Mining District; White Knob Mining District)	Ream (1995)
ⓘ Slate Creek Mining District	Ream (1995)
Yankee Fork Mining District ⓘ Grouse Creek (Bismarck; Grouse Creek Venture; Bismark; Grouse Creek Open Pit; Grouse Creek Project; Grouse Creek Unit; Golden Sunbeam; Golden Sunbeam Mine)	Allen (1990)
Montana Flathead County Hog Heaven Mining District (Flathead Mining District) Kofford Ridge ⓘ Flathead Mine (Hog Heaven Project)	...
Powell County Zosell Mining District (Emery Mining District) ⓘ Emery Mine (Black Rock; Carbonate Extension; Carbonate Hill Mine)	Gobla (2012) +1 other reference
Nevada Eureka County Carlin Trend Maggie Creek Mining Subdistrict ⓘ Chukar Footwall Mine	Newmont Mining Corporation
Humboldt County ⓘ Mag Deposit	- (2005)
New York ⓘ St. Lawrence County	Jensen (1978)
ⓘ Balmat-Edwards Zinc Mining District	Jensen (1978)
Fowler ⓘ Balmat	NY State Museum spec. no. 13832
South Dakota Pennington County ⓘ Silver City Mining District ?	Roberts et al. (1965)
Utah Summit County Park City Mining District ⓘ Silver King Mine (Coalition Mine)	Bullock (1981) +1 other reference
ⓘ Woodside Mine	Bullock (1981)
Utah County East Tintic Mining District Colorado Mine ⓘ Shaft No. 1	Means +1 other reference
Virginia Louisa County Gold-Pyrite Belt ⓘ Tinder's Mine (Tinder Flat)	Dana 7:I:396.
Washington Chelan County Wenatchee Mining District ⓘ Cannon Mine ?	Lasmanis (1995)
Stevens County Colville Mining District ⓘ Young America Mine	Cannon (1975) +1 other reference

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